2023-2024學(xué)年北京海淀高三（上）期中英語試卷（含答案）

2023北京海淀高三（上）期中

英語

2023.11

本試卷共10頁，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上

作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。

第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該

項(xiàng)涂黑。

Onasunnyafternoon,AnthonyPerrysteppedoffthetrainatChicago's69thStreetstation.The20-year-old,

whoworkednightsinagrocerystore,wasonhiswaytoseehis1.

Ontheplatform,somethingunthinkablehappened:amanfellovertheedgeandontotheelectrifiedtrain

tracks!AsPerryandotherhorrifiedpassengerswatched,heshookuncontrollablyasthe2movedthroughhis

body.

“Helphim!”someonecried."Please,someone!”

Perrycouldn'tjuststandthereand3.Hesatattheedgeoftheplatformandeasedhimselfdown.4all

railsbetweenthemanandhimwereelectrified,hequicklyleapedtowardsthevictim,usingahigh-kneetechnique

fromhishighschoolfootballdays.

Perrysoonreacheddownandgraspedthevictim'swrist.5,hefeltapowerfulelectricshockshootthrough

hisbody.Perryjumpedback.Hereacheddownasecondtime,andwasshockedagain.Butthethirdtimeheseized

theman'swristandforearm,andmanagedtomovetheguy'sbodyawayfromthe6.

“Givehimchestcompressions!,,yelledanoldladyontheplatform.

Perrywasnoexpert,butforafewmomentsheworkedontheman'sheartuntilthevictimregained7.Then,

first-aidersarrived.Perrylettheprofessionals8.Heartstillracingfromtheelectricshocks,heclimbedbackup

ontotheplatform,grabbedhisthingsandcontinuedontohisgrandfather

Theeveningnewsreportedtheincident,9anunnamedherowithsavingthevictim'slife.Tomany,Perry's

10deedsdemonstratedthepowerofchoosingcompassionoverpersonalsafety.

1.A.managerB.clientC.grandfatherD.aunt

2.A.currentB.oxygenC.waveD.blood

3.A.imagineB.watchC.shoutD.record

4.A.HopingB.AssumingC.ComplainingD.Recalling

5.A.InstantlyB.SlightlyC.NormallyD.Surprisingly

6.A.trainB.crowdsC.platformD.rails

7.A.strengthB.balanceC.consciousnessD.control

8.A.lookaheadB.takeoverC.getaroundD.keepaway

9.A.providingB.engagingC.assistingD.crediting

10.A.generousB.gratefulC.courageousD.faithful

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。

A

Iwasnotoriginallyattractedtonature.Forme,naturewasassociatedwiththefewminutesplayingsoccerin

the11(nice)cutgrass.ButinMichigan,naturepresentsitselfinmanyformssuchassleddingasfastasyou

candownthehillorswimminginoneofthefivegreatlakes.Theseexperiencesencouragedme12(explore)

oneoftherawformsofconnectingwithnature:camping.AlthoughI13(spend)alotoftimeoutside,Ihad

nevercampedorexperiencedallofwhatnatureoffers.

B

InMingDynasty,aclevercraftsmannamedZhangSijiarevolutionizedscissors.He14(combine)the

strengthofironforthehandleswithauniquesword-makingtechnique.15heatingandhammeringtheedges

withsteel,hecreatedbladesthatbladewereexceptionallystrongandsharp,16(make)dailytaskseasier.

Thesescissorsbecameakitchenessential,especiallyforcuttingthroughtoughitemslikechickenorfish.In1628,

hisson,ZhangXiaoquan,establishedhisnamesakecompany.

C

FiveBelgianfirmsplantosenda3D17(print)artificialhearttotheInternationalSpaceStationby2025

tobetterunderstandtheeffectsofageingandheartdiseasesinspace.Thedevice,whichisonlyafewsquare

millimetresinsize,18(use)inkmadeupofstemcellsandbiomaterialsthatcandevelopintoanycellinthe

body.Thesecellsorganizethemselvesintoadevelopingcardiacorganoid(，心臟類器官),19willworkwith

theartificialcirculatorysystem.Theinnovativetechniquewouldfacilitate20(investigate)intoheartdiseases

andtrialsofsomepotentialmedicines.

第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

A

HowDoesChocolateTasteOnEverest

Thisisn'tyourtypicalchildren'sbooknorisitanight-timeread:it5san

action-packedadventurearoundtheworld.Youngadventurerswillstepintothe

footprintsofthegreatestexplorers,usingtheirsensesastheirguides.

Thisbookimmersesitsyoungreadersinlifeintheworld'smostfascinating

Author:LeisaSharpe

habitats,countriesandcontinents,aswellasthoseonotherplanets.

Price:￡14.99

Release:Jun.13,2023

TheUltimateRiddleGameForKids

Forreadersbetweentheagesof9and12,thisfunriddlebookcombineslogic

challenges,competitivecontestsandbraintraining.

Thefirstsectionconsistsofshort,snappyriddles,themathssectionrequires

mentalarithmetic（算術(shù)）,andforthestoriessectionyouwillneedtodiscover

allthepossiblehiddenmeanings.Buttrynottocheat.

Author:ZKids

Thebookismuchmorerewardingasthesectionsgetmorechallenging.

Price:￡9.99

Whenyoubegintounderstandthebestwaytoapproacheachriddletype,your

Release:Sep.25,2023

confidence,resilienceandscorearelikelytogrow.

There'sNoCreamInCreamSoda

Theonlydrinkhumansneediswater,butthebeverageindustryisgrowing

largereveryyear.Thisbookexploresthehistoryoftheinventionofdrinks,

beginningthousandsofyearsago,whenhumansfirstaddednaturalflavouringsto

theirwaterasitboiledoverthefire.

Author:KimZachmanItshumorousandconversationalnarrativemeansthatyoudon'tknowwhat

Price:￡12.99willcomenext.Rangingfromcorescientificprocessestotheunlikelyorigin

Release:Dec.75,2023storiesofsomesodas,thisbookissuretohaveastorytofascinateeverykid.

21.ThebookHowDoesChocolateTasteonEveresthelpsreaders.

A.enjoynight-readingtime

B.knoworiginstoriesofchocolate

C.identifyhabitatsofsomeanimals

D.exploreplaceswithsensesasguides

22.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.thethreebooksareavailablebyOctober

B.readersneedcalculationskillsforBook#2

C.Book#3teachesreadershowtomakedrinks

D.Book#1hasapriceadvantageovertheothers

23.Thepassageisintendedto.

A.introducesomebooksonlearningsecrets

B.recommendsomepicturebookstoparents

C.encouragereaderstopurchasethesebooks

D.sharesometipsonchoosingsuitablebooks

B

Iwasbornmissingmyleftarm.In1986,at18months,Iwasfittedwithaprosthetic（義肢）device,a

decisionmadebymyparentsanddoctorssothatIwoulddevelop“normally”.

Ispentmyentirechildhoodandadolescencetryingtofitin.Ididjustaboutanythingtoeasethepainsofthe

staresandpointingfingersfrommyclassmates.BythetimeIwas8,1hadnoself-confidence,andthehandIwas

wearingwasmakingitharderformetofitin.SoIdecidedIwasbetteroffwithoutone.Ididn'tneedanyonetofix

me.

ToprovethatIwasn'tlimitedbymydisability,Idevelopedaloveforallsports,inparticularswimming.Iwas

selectedtomyfirstAustralianwomen'sswimmingteamatage13andsuccessfullyrepresentedmycountryfor

eightyears.IrealizedI'dmadeanameformyselfbecauseofmydisability.

Itaughtmyselfhowtobecomfortableinasocietyfilledwithinsecurities.SowhenIwasfirstcontactedin

2021byCovvi,acompanytryingtocreatetheworld'smostadvancedbionic（仿生的）hand,Iwasabitsurprised.

Theyaskedmetotrialthehandand,ifpossible,tobecomeapatientadvocate.Initially,Isaidno.Then,curiosity

gotthebetterofme.

WhileIwasbusyadvocatingfordisabilityrights,anewgenerationofleaders,likeAmyPurdyandNick

Vujicic,usedthepoweroftechnologyandsocialmediatodisplaywheelchairsorartificiallimbswithout

explanation.Peoplefeareddisabilityless.Societywasbeginningtoseeapersonfirst,andtheirdisabilitysecond.

Viewingdisabilitythroughasociallensalsomeantacknowledgingthatapersonismoredisabledbytheir

environmentandthediscriminationofothersthanbytheiractualdisability.Asthoseconversationsshifted,I

realizedthattherewasanopportunitytousetechnologytosteerthenarrativeforfuturegenerations.InJuly2022,1

decidedtotrialthehand.

Theroleofpatientadvocateisanenormousprivilege.Throughsharingmyjourney,Tmabletoreach

thousandsofotherpeoplewhowouldbenefitfromitsextraordinarycapabilities.That'swhyIwearabionichand——

notbecauseI'mbroken,butbecauseIhaveanopportunitytoenhancethehumancapabilitiesthatalreadyexist.

24.Theauthordevelopedaloveforallsportsbecause.

A.shewaslongingforfameB.sportsgaveherself-confidence

C.shewantedtodefeatherdisabilityD.herprostheticdeviceempoweredher

25.FromPurdyandVujicic,theauthorlearned.

A.morepeopleacknowledgedtheirlimits

B.thedisabledneededafriendlierenvironment

C.socialmediaallowedthedisabledopportunities

D.technologyshiftedpeople'sattitudestodisability

26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Intelligentandbrave.B.Warm-heartedandpatient.

C.Responsibleandstrong-willed.D.Independentandinnovative.

27.Fromthepassage,welearnthatoneshould.

A.maximizeone'sabilitiesbyembracingreality

B.buildone'ssocialcirclewithoptimism

C.sticktoone'sgoaltoachievesuccess

D.takeiteasyindifficultsituations

C

Demandingdaysseemdesignedtotestourself-control.Weallneedtorelyonwillpowertoavoidshort-term

temptationsandoverrideunwantedthoughtsorimpulses（沖動(dòng)）.Theprevailingpsychologicaltheoryproposed

thatwillpowerresembledakindofbattery.Witheachexerciseofself-control,youexhaustedthisresource.Without

achancetorecharge,thatresourceranlow,makingithardertomaintainself-control.Thisprocesswasknownas

“egodepletion”.

In2010,however,psychologistVeronikaJobpublishedastudythatquestionedthefoundationsof“ego

depletion“theory,withsomeinterestingevidencethategodepletiondependedonpeople'sunderlyingbeliefs.In

thestudy,Jobdividedparticipantsintotwocategories:thosewitha“l(fā)imited“viewofwillpowerandthosewitha

“non-limited“viewofwillpower,basedonapriorquestionnaire.Shethengavetheparticipantssomestandard

laboratorytestsexaminingmentalfocus,whichwasconsideredtodependonthereservesofwillpower.Thestudy

foundthatpeoplewithalimitedmindsettendedtoperformexactlyasegodepletiontheorywouldpredictbutthe

non-limitedindividualsdidnot,whichindicatedthatpeople'sbeliefsaboutwillpowercouldbeself-fulfilling

prophecies（預(yù)言）.Thosewhobelievedwillpowerwaseasilydepletedsawtheirself-controldecrease,while

thosewhobelievedin"mentalstamina（耐力）"experiencednoegodepletion.

Subsequentdebatesaboutthereliabilityofthelaboratorytestsofegodepletionemerged,butJob'swork

demonstratedthatmindsetsignificantlyimpactedreal-lifeoutcomes.Herfollow-upstudyrevealedthatafter

completingdemandingtasks,mostparticipantsrecoveredtosomedegreeovernight,butthosewithnon-limited

mindsetsactuallyexperiencedanincreaseintheirproductivitythefollowingday,asifenergizedbytheextra

pressure.

Ifyoualreadyhaveanon-limitedmindsetaboutwillpower,thesefindingsmightbeacauseforself-

satisfaction.Forthosewithlimitedmindsets,hopeisnotlost.Learningaboutthissciencecanhelpshiftbeliefs.

Sharingthisknowledgewithotherscanfurtherconsolidatethisshift.Moreover,recollectingtimesofengagingin

taxingyetenjoyabletasksnaturallyshiftspeople'sbeliefstowardnon-limitedmindsets,astheyseeproofoftheir

ownmentaistamina.Toprovideyourselfwithfurtherevidence,youcanconductsmallself-controltests.Asyou

realizeyourwillpower'sgrowth,you'llfindresistingtemptationsanddistractionseasier.

Whileimmediatemiraclesaren'tguaranteed,perseverancewillleadtoachangedmindsetandincreasedself-

control,propellingactionstowardpersonalgoals.

28.“Egodepletion^^theoryshowsthatwillpower.

A.helpscontrolourimpulsesB.reducesafterexercisingself-control

C.isatestofyourcharacterD.islikeachargeablebattery

29.WhatcanwelearnfromJob'stwostudies?

A.Extrapressureboostsmentalfocus.

B.Demandingtasksreducementalfocus.

C.Reservesofwillpowerdependonmentalfocus.

D.Thechangeofmentalfocusreliesonone'smindset.

30.Whichofthefollowingcanbuildnon-limitedmindsets?

A.Picturingyouridealuniversity.

B.DoinghomeworkinfrontofaTV.

C.Sharingscienceknowledgewithfriends.

D.Recallingmasteringachallengingpianopiece.

D

Climateexpertsarehavingadebate:theyareaskingwhethertheUKshouldfocusmoreonadaptingtoclimate

changeortryingtopreventit.

DavidFrostholdsthatpreventingclimatechangeisnolongeranoption,giventheextenttowhichtheEarth

nowappearscertaintoheatup.Despitethemanypolicieswhichattempttostopclimatechange,itnowseems

unavoidablethattheworldwillpassthe1.5℃or2℃increasesinaverageglobaltemperaturethatarelikelyto

inducelargechangesintheclimate.

DavidFrostisrightinthatoureconomiesaregrowingsomuchslowerthanwehadanticipated.Ouremissions

candropifwereduceemissionsperunitofGDPwecreate——buttheycanalsodropiftheGDPislower.Lower

growthmeansitismorefeasible(可行二的)forustoachievetargetssuchasNetZero,butitalsomakesitless

environmentallyurgenttoachievethosetargetssosoon,becauseweareandhavebeenemittingalotlesscarbon

thanwehadanticipated.

TheUKauthorityfindsthedebateaboutadaptationdifficult.Partly,itisbecausesomeactivistsclaimthat

adaptationisnotfeasible.Theysaythatclimatechangewillendhumancivilization,potentiallyleadingtotheentire

extinctionofthehumanrace.

However,themainstreamviewofmanyscientistsandeconomists,whoworkonclimatechange,isthatglobal

warmingcouldleadtolargechangesinourenvironment.Significantpartsoftheworldcurrentlyheavilypopulated

couldbecomeeffectivelyuninhabitablewhileotherpartscurrentlyunsuitableforhigh-densityhumanhabitation

wouldbecomemorehabitable.Meanwhile,athighertemperaturesbothclimateandweatherarelikelytobecome

morevolatile-includingincreasedfrequencyofstorms,floodingandotherweatherevents.

Thesewouldbesignificantchanges,butitwouldbeperfectlyfeasibleforhumanstoadapttothem.Theissue

isnotwhetheradaptingwouldbetechnicallyfeasible,butwhetheritwouldbedesirableeitherinethicalorpractical

terms.Arewewillingtoacceptamateriallywarmerworld,withhumanslivingindifferentpartsofit?Arewe

willingtoacceptthepossibleextinctionsofcertainspeciesandthegreaterflourishingofthosecurrentlyless

successfulandofnewspeciesyettoevolve?Arewewillingtoaccepttheconsequencesofalargeshiftinthe

patternsofhumanhabitationacrosstheworld?

Itisbynomeansclearonwhatbasisweoughttoethnicallyprivilegetheplantsandanimalsthatflourish

undertoday'sclimateoverthosethatwouldflourishunderawarmer,morevolatileclimate.However,adaptation

willbefeasibleandisanecessitygiventheextenttowhichwarmingisnowunavoidable.SlowerGDPgrowthand

thusslowerclimatechangeoughttomakegreatereffortsatadaptationmoreattractive.

31.Accordingtothepassage,whohesitate(s)toadapttotheclimatechange?

A.Thegovernment.B.Climateexperts.C.DavidFrost.D.Theactivists.

32.Theunderlinedword"volatile“inParagraph5probablymeans.

A.changeableB.predictableC.bearableD.noticeable

33.ThequestionsinParagraph6aremainlyaimedat.

A.expressingdoubtsaboutpeople'sadaptability

B.presentingexamplesoffutureclimatepatterns

C.highlightingtheconsequencesofhumanactivities

D.helpingpeopledecideontheiropennesstoadaptation

34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Slowingclimatechangedeservesgreatefforts.

B.Globalwarmingispreventabletosomeextent.

C.Adaptationtoclimatechangeisbeyondquestion.

D.Protectionofthecurrentspeciesshouldbeprioritized.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中

有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whichishealthier:abagofcrispsoravegetablesalad?Thatiseasy.Nowwhichishealthier:apizzamade

fromscratchoronemadefromthesamebasicingredients,withthesamenumberofcalories,pulledoutofaboxin

thefreezer?Manypeoplewouldinstinctively（本能地）saytheformer,perhapsshowingavagueconcernwith

processedfood.Suchfoodcanoftenbedelicious.Andthereismuchtocheeraboutcaloriesbeingcheapand

abundant.35

What'sthedistinctionbetween"ultra-processedfood（upf）“and"processedfood,,7Almosteverything

peopleconsumeisprocessedinsomeform.Riceisharvested;animalsarebutchered.Upfisusuallydescribedas

"formulationsofingredients,madebyaseriesofindustrialprocesses,manyrequiringadvancedequipmentand

technology^^.36Theoneinthefreezer,withitsextra,modifiedingredients,isupf.

Upfharmspeopleinwaysbothknownandunknown.Itseemstoaffectthetrillionsofbacteriathatcontribute

tohealthinarangeofways.Calorie-richbutusuallynutrient-poor,upfcontributestoobesity（肥胖癥）.

Upfdisplaceshealthieralternatives,particularlyforpoorpeople.37Extraweightwasonceasignof

wealth,butamongBritishandAmericanwomentoday,obesityratesarehigheratlower-incomelevels.

38Additivesthatmaybesafeinsmallquantitiesmaybeharmfulincombinationwithotherchemicalsor

whenconsumedregularly.Ifwearewhatweeat,consideringtheimpactofupfisessential.

39Peoplewholiveinso-called“fbodswamps”,whereupfiseverywherebutrealfoodishardertoreach,

couldspendlargeamountsoftimeandmoneyseekingoutfreshfood,butthatisnothowmostpeoplelive.Thereis

nothingwrongwiththeoddfast-foodtrip,butanyonewhocanaffordtoeatlessupfprobablyshould.

A.Environmentmatters,too.

B.Il'scheaptoproduceandbuy.

C.Butthatcheapnessandabundancecomeatacost.

D.Evenfoodslabeled“natural"or“organic“canbeprocessed.

E.Apizzamadefromscratchcontainsminimallyprocessedfood.

F.Somepeoplehaveaparticularweaknessforsaltypotatocrisps.

G.Thereasonswhyupfcanbeharmfularenotalwaysclear,eventoscientists.

第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}紙指定區(qū)域作答。

Ifyoufeellikeyoumaybeapeople-pleaser,you'renotalone.Intoday'shighly-connectedworld,wehavea

growingobsession（癡迷）withbeinglikedandneedingtopleaseothers.Peopleseektopleaseothersforvarious

reasons,includingavoidingconflicts,securingfeelingsofbeingneeded,andreducingfearsofabandonment.And

theyareforcedtouseagreeablenessasself-defense.

People-pleasingbehaviorcanleadtomentalandphysicalhealthproblemssuchasfearofrejection,frustration,

anger,addictions,headaches,stomachproblems,andhighbloodpressure.Itcanalsoresultinweakboundaries,

problemswithdecision-makinganddependency.Therefore,it'simportanttorecognizeandovercomeyourown

people-pleasingbehaviors.Herearesomesimpleexercisesthatyoucanstartworkingontoday.

Learntoloveyourowncompany.Trustthatpeoplewillnotabandonyou,evenifyoudon'tdropeverything

forthem.Believingyouarelovableforwhoyouare,notwhatyoudo,meansknowingthatpeoplewillstillbethere

foryouevenifyoudonotalwayssearchforwaystopleasethem.Practicethisbygoingtoamovieorrestaurant

alone.

Valuetheplansmadewithyourself.Theyareasimportantasplansyoumakewithotherpeople.Otherwise,

youaresendingamessagetoyourbrainthataplanyoumakewithyourselfdoesnotholdasmuchvalue.Don't

breaklong-orshort-termplansyoumakewithyourself,whetherit'sgoingtothegymorstudyingforanexam.

Say"no"whennecessary.Ifyou'reapeople-pleaser,youmayfindithardtosay"no"becauseyoufeelit

comesacrossascrueloruncaring.Butitabsolutelydoesnothaveto.Beclear,bedirect,anduse"I"statements.

Trystatementslike:"Iwouldreallylovetobeabletohelpyou,butunfortunately,Tmalreadycommittedatthat

time."Byconsistentlyintegratingthesestrategiesintoyourlife,you'llbreakyourpeople-pleasinghabitsand

developmorehealthy,interdependentrelationships.

40.Whatisapeople-pleaserlike?

41.Besidesmentalandphysicalproblems,whatotherproblemsmayapeople-pleasersufferfrom?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

>Ifyoudon7wanttobeapeople-pleaser9youshouldlovebeingwithothers,valuetheplansmadewith

yourself,anddeclineothersyrequests