中考二輪專題+范疇3 主題13　自然災(zāi)害與自我保護(hù)

范疇三人與自然主題十三自然災(zāi)害與自我保護(hù)主題群：災(zāi)害防范子主題：自然災(zāi)害與防范措施，人身安全與自我保護(hù)八(上)Unit4Topic2Howcanweprotectourselvesfromtheearthquake？教材鏈接閱讀理解第一節(jié)①Extreme(極端的)weatheriswhentheweatherisverydifferentfromnormalconditions.Extremeweathercanlastoveranhour,adayoralongperiodoftime.Itisdangerous,andinsomecasesitcancausenaturaldisasters.主題語篇精讀Hurricane(颶風(fēng))Hurricaneisatypeofstorms.Thisstormishuge:itcanbeover500kilometreswide.②Thesmallertheeyeofahurricaneis,thestrongerthewindis.Theystartatseaandmovetowardsland.Whentheycometoland,theybringthunder,lightning,strongwindandveryheavyrain.Theycanbeverydangerousanddestroy(破壞)buildingsandevenkillpeople.HeatwavesanddroughtsAheatwaveiswhentherearehightemperaturesanditismuchhotterthannormalcondition.Inmanyareas,heatwavesarenotaseriousproblem.③However,insomeplaces,heatwavescancausedroughts.Inadrought,thereisnotenoughwaterforfarmerstogrowfood.Insomeplaces,peoplediebecausetheydon'thaveenoughwatertodrink.DroughtsarecommoninmanycountriesinAfrica,butinthelasttenyears,droughtsalsohappenedinAfghanistanandIran.Rainstorm④Toomuchraincancausefloods.Floodscandestroybuildingsandkillpeople.Theycanalsodestroyplantsandfood,whichmeansthatthereisnotenoughfoodforpeopletoeat.In1999,therewereverybadfloodsinIndia,Nepal,andotherpartsofAsia.SandstormAsandstormisalargestormofdustandsandwithstrongwinds.Itisverydangerous.Itisdifficulttotravelbycarbecausepeoplecan'tseeanything.Evenwalkingcanbedifficult.SandstormsarecommonintheMiddleEast.OneoftheworstsandstormswasinIraqin2011

whenastormlastedawholeweek,causingmanypeopletohavebreathingproblems.1．WhatisextremeweatheraccordingtoParagraph1？(

)A．Weatherthatlastsforashortduration.B．Weatherthatisquitedifferentfromusual.C．Weatherthatonlyoccursincoastalareas.D．Weatherthatcausesnaturaldisasters.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第一句“Extreme(極端的)weatheriswhentheweatherisverydifferentfromnormalconditions.”可知，當(dāng)天氣和正常情況非常不同時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生極端天氣。B2．

Accordingtogeographicalknowledge,whichpicturebelowmaycausethestrongesthurricane？(

)A圖片選擇【解析】圖片選擇題。由第二段第三句“Thesmallertheeyeofahurricaneis,thestrongerthewindis.”可知，颶風(fēng)中心的風(fēng)眼越小，風(fēng)力越大，結(jié)合圖片可知，A項(xiàng)風(fēng)眼最小。3．Howdoheatwavesaffectfarmers？(

)A．Theycauseexcessiverainfall,leadingtofloods.B．Theycreateidealconditionsforcropgrowth.C．Theyresultinwatershortagesanddroughts.D．Theyhavenoimpactonagriculturalactivities.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第三至五句“However,insomeplaces,heatwavescancausedroughts.Inadrought,thereisnotenoughwaterforfarmerstogrowfood.Insomeplaces,peoplediebecausetheydon'thaveenoughwatertodrink.”可知，高溫天氣會(huì)引起干旱，導(dǎo)致缺水。C4．Whatresultcanfloodleadto？(

)A．Destroybuildingsandkillpeople.B．Createidealconditionsforplantgrowth.C．Provideanabundanceoffoodoptions.D．OnlyoccurinIndiaandNepal.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段前兩句“Toomuchraincancausefloods.Floodscandestroybuildingsandkillpeople.”可知，太多的雨會(huì)引發(fā)洪澇災(zāi)害，摧毀建筑物，奪走人的生命。A5．

Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanyouprobablyreadthetext？(

)A．Science. B．Culture.C．Health. D．Technology.

【解析】材料出處題。由全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段內(nèi)容可知，極端天氣屬于自然科學(xué)類。材料出處A近年來，全球自然災(zāi)害(disaster)頻發(fā)，極端天氣頻頻出現(xiàn)。尤其是2023年8月份，臺(tái)風(fēng)天氣導(dǎo)致多地發(fā)生洪澇災(zāi)害。面對(duì)洪水時(shí)我們應(yīng)該怎么做才能保證自己的生命安全？(40詞左右)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________讀后感悟Firstly,weshouldpreparewater,foodandmedicinebeforethedisastercomes.Secondly,whenthereisaflood,wemustmovetohigherplacesatonceandstaytheretowaitforrescue.Thirdly,ifthefloodwashesusaway,weshouldkeepcalm.Wecancatchsomethingmadeofwoodtoprotectus.

第二節(jié)HowtoStaySafeduringaThunderstorm(雷雨)Theweatherreportsaysthereislittlechanceofthunderstorms.So,youandyourtennispartnerheadfortheplayground.Wait!Isthatthunderyouhear?Isthatalightningflash?6.____Goinsiderightaway,becausebeingoutsideduringlightningisdangerous.A【解析】由前文“Wait!Isthatthunderyouhear?Isthatalightningflash？”及后句“Goinsiderightaway,becausebeingoutsideduringlightningisdangerous.”可知，此處是問如何應(yīng)對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)可知，A項(xiàng)“怎樣做合適？”符合語境。A．Whatdoyoudoproperly?B．Findsafeandenclosedplaces.C．Theresultsoflightningstrikesareserious.D．Beingindoorsdoesnotprotectyoufromlightningtotally.E．However,theystillhappen,andtheriskofseriousinjuriesishigh.Althoughthepossibilityofbeingstruckbylightningeachyearislessthan1inamillion,somesituationscanputyouatgreaterrisk.Lightningmostoftenstrikespeoplewhoworkoutside.7.____From2006

to2021,lightningcausedanaverageof28deathsperyearintheUnitedStates.C【解析】由后句“From2006to2021,lightningcausedanaverageof28deathsperyearintheUnitedStates.”可知，此處應(yīng)與雷擊的后果有關(guān)。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)可知，C項(xiàng)“雷擊的后果是很嚴(yán)重的”與下文銜接自然，符合語境。A．Whatdoyoudoproperly?B．Findsafeandenclosedplaces.C．Theresultsoflightningstrikesareserious.D．Beingindoorsdoesnotprotectyoufromlightningtotally.E．However,theystillhappen,andtheriskofseriousinjuriesishigh.Youcanprotectyourselffromtheriskevenifyouarecaughtoutdoorswhenlightningiscloseby.Whenthethunderroars,goindoors.8.____Ifyouarecaughtoutsidewithnosafeplacenearby,youshouldgetoffhighareas.Andkeepyourselfaslowaspossible.B【解析】由前后句內(nèi)容可知，此處應(yīng)介紹打雷時(shí)的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)可知，B項(xiàng)“找安全、封閉的地方”符合語境。A．Whatdoyoudoproperly?B．Findsafeandenclosedplaces.C．Theresultsoflightningstrikesareserious.D．Beingindoorsdoesnotprotectyoufromlightningtotally.E．However,theystillhappen,andtheriskofseriousinjuriesishigh.9．____Infact,aboutone-thirdoflightning-strikeinjuriesoccurindoors.Makesuretoavoidcontactingwithwaterduringathunderstorm,andavoidusingelectronicequipmentofalltypes.【解析】由后句“Infact,aboutone-thirdoflightning-strikeinjuriesoccurindoors.”可知，此處應(yīng)該是與待在室內(nèi)相關(guān)的語句，結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)可知，D項(xiàng)“待在室內(nèi)并不能完全保護(hù)你免受雷擊”符合語境。DA．Whatdoyoudoproperly?B．Findsafeandenclosedplaces.C．Theresultsoflightningstrikesareserious.D．Beingindoorsdoesnotprotectyoufromlightningtotally.E．However,theystillhappen,andth