上海浦東新區(qū)2024年高三《英語》上學(xué)期期中試題與參考答案

上海市浦東新區(qū)2023年高三《英語》上學(xué)期期中試題與參考答案Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionⅡ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenwordfillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Shampoo-dowereallyneedtouseit?Buyingshampoocanbeoverwhelming-therearesomanybrandstochoosefrom,acrossahugerangeofprices.Somebrandspromisetorepairandnourishourhair,___1___otherspromisetostrengthenandaddvolume.Butisanyoftheseclaimstrue?Doweevenneedshampooatall?Sincelongbeforeshampoo___2___(invent)-somesayinIndia-ourbodieshavebeenproducingsebum,anoil-likesubstance.Sebumstopsourskin___3___(get)dry,managesthehealthofourscalpandmakesourhairshiny.Butitalsocollectsdirt,and,if___4___(leave)untouchedfortoolong,sebumcancauseourhairtobecomegreasy.Therearenodisadvantagesfromahealthperspectivetolettingourhairbegreasy,saysEleanoreRichardson,TrichologistatFulhamScalpandHairClinic,butmanypeoplechoosetowashtheirhair___5___aregularbasisforaestheticreasons.Andsowereachfortheshampoobottle.Shampooscontainagroupofchemicalscalledsurfactants.Theygrabthedirtandgreasefromthesurfaceofourhair,meaningwhenwerinseawaytheshampoo,wealsowashawaythegreaseanddirt.But,___6___LauraWaters,aprofessorofPharmaceuticalAnalysis,pointsout,somesurfactantsworktoowellandtakethenaturaloilsoutofthehairaswell.Thoughmoreexpensiveshampoosmaycontain___7___(harsh)surfactants,thetypeofshampoodoesn’treallymatter.“It’sonourhairverybrieflyandgetswashedaway”.It’stheconditionersandstylingproductsthatweuseaftertheshampoothatmakeabiggerdifferencetothetextureandfeelofourhair.Naturally,themoreweputontoourhair,themoreweneedtocleanseitoff,___8___(create)aviciouscircle.So,yes,itseemswedohaveaneedforshampoo,butwealsoshouldn’texpectit___9___(serve)asamiraclecure.And,finally,nexttimeyou’reinashampooaisle,rememberthathairismadeupofdeadproteincellsandthat,sadly,noteventhemostexpensiveshampoo____10____bringthembacktolife.Seetoitthatyoumakebetterdecisions.【答案】1.while2.wasinvented3.getting4.left5.on6.as7.lessharsh8.creating9.toserve10.can【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。洗發(fā)水品牌會(huì)讓人應(yīng)接不暇，有些品牌承諾修復(fù)和滋養(yǎng)我們的頭發(fā)，有些品牌承諾加強(qiáng)和增加頭發(fā)體積，但是這些說法是真的嗎？我們甚至需要洗發(fā)水嗎？作者認(rèn)為下次購買洗發(fā)水的時(shí)候，要記住頭發(fā)是由死亡的蛋白質(zhì)細(xì)胞組成的，即使是最昂貴的洗發(fā)水也無法讓它們復(fù)活，確保你做出更好的決定?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：一些品牌承諾修復(fù)和滋養(yǎng)我們的頭發(fā)，而其他品牌承諾加強(qiáng)和增加頭發(fā)的量。根據(jù)上文“Somebrandspromisetorepairandnourishourhair(一些品牌承諾修復(fù)和滋養(yǎng)我們的頭發(fā))”以及下文“otherspromisetostrengthenandaddvolume(其他品牌承諾加強(qiáng)和增加頭發(fā)的量)”可知，這是兩個(gè)并列的句子，前后句之間為對(duì)比關(guān)系，空白處應(yīng)填表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的連詞，故填while?！?題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：早在洗發(fā)水發(fā)明之前，就有人說在印度，我們的身體就產(chǎn)生了皮脂，一種類似油的物質(zhì)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一個(gè)包含時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句，空白處在從句中作謂語，因與主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因從句表達(dá)的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，又因從句的主語shampoo為單數(shù)，故填wasinvented?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：皮脂可以阻止我們的皮膚干燥，管理頭皮的健康，讓我們的頭發(fā)有光澤。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，因stop…(from)doing為固定短語，含義為“阻止……”，符合句意，所以空白處填動(dòng)名詞形式，故填getting?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：但它也會(huì)收集污垢，如果長時(shí)間不動(dòng)，皮脂會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們的頭發(fā)變得油膩。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處是狀語從句的省略，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的主語和主句主語一致，且含有be動(dòng)詞，可以省略主語+be動(dòng)詞，句子為ifsebumisleftuntouchedfortoolong，leave與其邏輯主語sebum之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，使用過去分詞，故填left?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：富勒姆頭皮和頭發(fā)診所的毛發(fā)學(xué)家EleanoreRichardson說，從健康的角度來看，讓頭發(fā)油膩沒有壞處，但許多人出于審美原因選擇定期洗頭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，onaregularbasis為固定短語，含義為“定期地”，符合句意，故填on。【6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：但是，正如藥物分析教授LauraWaters所指出的，“一些表面活性劑效果太好了”，也會(huì)帶走頭發(fā)中的天然油脂。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一個(gè)包含定語從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞為下文一整句話表示的內(nèi)容，且根據(jù)句意可知空白處應(yīng)填表示“正如”含義的關(guān)系代詞，故填as。【7題詳解】考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：雖然更昂貴的洗發(fā)水可能含有不那么粗糙的表面活性劑，但洗發(fā)水的類型其實(shí)并不重要。根據(jù)上文“more(更)”可知空白處應(yīng)填形容詞的比較級(jí)，再根據(jù)上文“expensive(貴的)”以及下文“harsh(粗糙的)”可知上下文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，空白處應(yīng)填more的反義詞修飾形容詞harsh，故填lessharsh?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：自然，我們?cè)陬^發(fā)上涂得越多，就越需要把它洗掉，從而形成一個(gè)惡性循環(huán)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作狀語，使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)下文“aviciouscircle(惡性循環(huán))”可知此處表達(dá)的是一個(gè)符合邏輯的自然的結(jié)果，使用現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語，故填creating。【9題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我們似乎確實(shí)需要洗發(fā)水，但我們也不應(yīng)該指望它能成為一種神奇的療法。分析空白處在句子中做賓補(bǔ)，使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，因空白處表示的是一個(gè)指向?qū)淼牟淮_定的動(dòng)作，使用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填toserve?！?0題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：最后，下次你在洗發(fā)水貨架上時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住，頭發(fā)是由死亡的蛋白質(zhì)細(xì)胞組成的，不幸的是，即使是最昂貴的洗發(fā)水也無法讓它們復(fù)活。根據(jù)上文“deadproteincells(死亡的蛋白質(zhì)細(xì)胞)”以及下文“bringthembacktolife(讓它們復(fù)活)”可推理出空白處應(yīng)填表示“能”含義的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，故填can。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accountsB.credibilityC.declaringD.filteredE.paysF.particularlyG.enduringH.principleI.ignoringJ.reputationK.revolutionizedTheseriousbusinessofbeingasocialinfluencerThisweekChinapromisedatax-evasionpunishmentonsocial-mediainfluencers,whoarepaidbybrandstopromoteproductsonlinetotheirfollowers.Viya,knownasthelive-streamingqueen,hasalreadybeenfined$210mfornot____11____herincome.Thesizeofthatlevy(征收稅)showsthelargescaleoftheindustry,which____12____for12%ofonlinesalesinChina.OutsideChina,influencersarealsolikelytohavea(n)____13____roleine-commerce.Forallfirmswithbrands,itistimetorealizethatinfluencingismorethanjustahobby.Theuseofpersonalendorsements(宣傳，代言)usedtobeabouttakingadvantageofexistingcelebritypower.Forexample,MichaelJordan’sdealin1984withNike____14____bothbasketballandbranding.Influencersturnthelogiconitshead:sellingthingshelpsmakethemmorefamous.Throughclippedvideosand____15____photostheyofferrecommendationstoconsumers,togetherwithglimpsesintotheirdailylivestoincreasethe____16____.Totalspendingoninfluencersbybrandscouldreach$16bnthisyear.ThenumberofwannabeinfluencersoutsideChinaisinthemillions.However,onlyunder100,000ofthemgetmostprofit.Theirstayingpowersuggeststhattheyaddvalueinseveralways.Influencers’networksreachnewaudiences,____17____youngershoppers.Andinfluencersaretechnologicallyproficientinawaythatold-stylebrandambassadorsneverwere.TheycanquicklyadapttoandutilizenewerplatformslikeTikTok.Yetone-thirdofbrandsdonotuseinfluencers.Theyworryabouttheir____18____.Despitetherisk,____19____influencersisamistake.Theirshareofdigitaladvertisingbudgetsisstilllowat3%,butitisrisingfast.Theborderlinebetweenentertainmentande-commerceisbecomingunclear.Themostpopularmarketingstrategyofthe2010s-adstargetedthroughGoogleandFacebook-isunderthreatasnewprivacystandardsmakeithardertospyonpotentialcustomers.Tomakefulluseofinfluencers,brandsshouldsetaclearstrategy.Theyshouldexpectmoreregulationonconsumerprotection.Theguiding_____20_____shouldbetouseonlyinfluencerswhodisclosetotheiraudiencesthattheirpostsarepaid.【答案】11.C12.A13.G14.K15.D16.B17.F18.J19.I20.H【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了成為一個(gè)網(wǎng)紅是一件嚴(yán)肅的事情。【11題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：被稱為“直播女王”的Viya已經(jīng)因未申報(bào)收入而被罰款2.1億美元。由句意和后文提示“herincome”可知，此處C選項(xiàng)declaring符合題意，表示“申報(bào)”收入，作介詞的賓語。故選C。【12題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這項(xiàng)稅收的規(guī)模顯示出該行業(yè)的規(guī)模之大，占中國在線銷售額的12%。分析句子成分，該空作從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，由后文提示“for12%”可知A符合題意。accountfor表示“（數(shù)量或比例上）占”，主語thelargescaleoftheindustry是單數(shù)，謂語也要用單數(shù)，即accounts。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在中國以外，網(wǎng)紅也可能在電子商務(wù)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮持久的作用。該空位于名詞role前，所以填形容詞作定語。結(jié)合句意，G選項(xiàng)enduring符合題意，表示“持久的”。故選G。【14題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：例如，邁克爾·喬丹(MichaelJordan)在1984年與耐克(Nike)簽訂的協(xié)議徹底改變了籃球和品牌。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，該空是句子的謂語動(dòng)詞。由句意可知，此處表示該協(xié)議“徹底改變”了籃球和品牌，所以K符合題意。該協(xié)議是在1984年發(fā)生的，所以是一般過去時(shí)，即revolutionized。故選K?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：通過剪輯了的視頻和修圖后的照片，他們向消費(fèi)者提供推薦，并對(duì)他們的日常生活進(jìn)行一瞥，以增加可信度。連詞and表示前后結(jié)構(gòu)一致，由and前的“clippedvideos”可知，此處filtered符合題意。表示“修圖后”的照片，作定語。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：通過剪輯了的視頻和修圖后的照片，他們向消費(fèi)者提供推薦，并對(duì)他們的日常生活進(jìn)行一瞥，以增加可信度?？涨笆嵌ü谠~the，所以該空填名詞。由句意可知，此處表示增加“可信度”，所以B選項(xiàng)credibility符合題意。故選B。【17題詳解】考查副詞。句意：網(wǎng)紅的網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以吸引新的受眾，尤其是年輕的購物者。由句意可知空后的“youngshoppers”是對(duì)空前的“newaudiences”的舉例說明，所以F選項(xiàng)particularly符合題意，表示“特別，尤其”作狀語。故選F?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他們擔(dān)心他們的名譽(yù)。根據(jù)空前提示詞“their”可知，該空填名詞。結(jié)合句意，他們擔(dān)心的是他們的“名譽(yù)”，所以J選項(xiàng)reputation符合題意，作賓語。故選J?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：盡管存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但忽視網(wǎng)紅是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。Despite表示前后句意呈轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，盡管有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但是不能去“忽略”網(wǎng)紅這一群體，所以I選項(xiàng)ignoring符合題意，ignoringinfluencers在句中作主語。故選I?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：指導(dǎo)原則應(yīng)該是只使用那些向受眾披露帖子有報(bào)酬的網(wǎng)紅。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，該空填名詞，在句中作主語，由提示詞“guiding”可知，H選項(xiàng)principle符合題意，表示指導(dǎo)“原則”，故選H。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Recently,SenatorKirstenGillibrandofNewYorksaidthatifwewanttofixthegridlock(僵局)inCongress,weneedmorewomen.Womenaremorefocusedonfindingcommongroundand____21____,sheargued.Besides,neuroscientistshaveuncoveredevidencesuggestingthat,whenthe____22____ison,womenbringuniquestrengthstodecisionmaking.MaraMatherandNicholeR.Lighthall,twocognitiveneuroscientists,aretwoofthemanyresearcherswhohavefoundthatundernormalcircumstances,wheneverythingislow-keyand___23___,menandwomenmakedecisionsaboutriskinsimilarways.Wegatherthebestinformationwecan,we____24____potentialcostsagainstpotentialgains,andthenwechoosehowtoact.____25____,addstresstothesituationandmenandwomenbegintopartways.Dr.Matherandherteamtaughtpeopleasimplecomputergamblinggame,inwhichtheygotpointsforinflating(給……充氣)digitalballoons.Themoretheyinflatedeachballoon,thegreateritsvalue,andthe____26____ofpoppingit.Whentheywererelaxed,menandwomentooksimilarrisksandaveragedasimilarnumberofpumps.Butafterexperiencingthecoldwater,thestressedwomen____27____sooner,cashingouttheirwinningsandgoingwiththemoreguaranteedwin.Stressedmendidjustthe____28____.Theykeptpumping—inonestudyaveragingabout50percentmorepumpsthanthewomenandriskingmore.Ofcourse,justbecauseitworksthiswayina(n)____29____itdoesn’tmeanthesamethinghappensinthemessyrealworld.Doorganizationswithwomen_____30_____actuallymakelessriskyandmoreempatheticdecisionsinstressfulcircumstances?Someevidencesuggeststheydo.CreditSuisse(瑞士信貸)examinedalmost2,400globalcorporationsfrom2005to2011—includingtheyearsdirectlypreceding(之前的)and_____31_____thefinancialcrisis—andfoundthatcompanieswithatleastonewomanontheirboards_____32_____comparablecompanieswithall-maleboardsby26percent._____33_____,whatoftenhappensisthatwomenareaskedtoleadonlyduringperiodsofintensestress.It’scalledtheglasscliff,inwhichhighlyqualifiedwomenareaskedtoleadorganizationsonlyintimesof_____34_____.ThinkofMaryT.BarraatGeneralMotorsandMarissaMayeratYahoo,whowerebothbroughtinonlyafterthingshadbeguntofallapart.Ifmorewomenwerekeydecisionmakers,perhapsorganizationscouldrespondeffectivelytosmallstresses,_____35_____lettingthemescalateintohugeones.There’sagoodreasonthatwe’dbenefitfrommorewomeninpositionsofpower.21.A.socializing B.memorizing C.cooperating D.deciding22.A.presentation B.pressure C.administration D.measure23.A.understandable B.acceptable C.manageable D.remarkable24.A.fight B.weigh C.race D.protest25.A.Furthermore B.Therefore C.Likewise D.However26.A.sound B.result C.sight D.risk27.A.pumped B.escaped C.stopped D.learned28.A.same B.opposite C.great D.latter29.A.computer B.lab C.team D.analysis30.A.incharge B.undercontrol C.indemand D.underpressure31.A.preventing B.following C.deepening D.affecting32.A.outweighed B.outdated C.outperformed D.outsourced33.A.Preciously B.Surprisingly C.Unfortunately D.Arguably34.A.crisis B.prime C.development D.mistake35.A.accordingto B.alongwith C.apartfrom D.ratherthan【答案】21.C22.B23.C24.B25.D26.D27.C28.B29.B30.A31.B32.C33.C34.A35.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章認(rèn)為讓女性參與決策和掌權(quán)可以更好地解決僵局，讓我們受益，一方面，認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)方面的研究顯示女性在壓力之下所做的決策比男性的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更小，另一方面，調(diào)查顯示由女性掌管的公司在壓力環(huán)境下表現(xiàn)得更好。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她認(rèn)為，女性更注重尋找共同點(diǎn)和合作。A.socializing社交；B.memorizing記憶；C.cooperating合作；D.deciding決定。根據(jù)上文“findingcommonground”可推知，與尋找共同點(diǎn)相并列應(yīng)該是合作。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，神經(jīng)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)表明，當(dāng)有壓力時(shí)，女性在決策方面具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢。A.presentation演示；B.pressure壓力；C.administration管理；D.measure措施。根據(jù)下文“thestressedwomen”“Stressedmen”“instressfulcircumstances”可知，文章主要討論的是在有壓力的情況下，男性和女性之間在決策方面的差異，因此此處指有壓力時(shí)，pressure與下文的stressed和stressful呼應(yīng)。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：兩位認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)家MaraMather和NicholeR.Lighthall在內(nèi)的許多研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一切都強(qiáng)度很低、可管理的正常情況下，男性和女性對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的決策方式相似。A.understandable可理解的；B.acceptable可接受的；C.manageable可管理的；D.remarkable卓越的。根據(jù)上文“undernormalcircumstances”和“everythingislow-key”可推知，與正常情況下的強(qiáng)度很低相并列的應(yīng)該是可管理的，這意味事情處于可控的狀態(tài)。故選C。24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們盡可能收集最好的信息，權(quán)衡潛在的成本和潛在的收益，然后選擇如何行動(dòng)。A.fight斗爭；B.weigh權(quán)衡；C.race比賽；D.protest抗議。根據(jù)下文“potentialcostsagainstpotentialgains”可推知，此處指權(quán)衡潛在的成本和潛在的收益，weighAagainstB為固定短語，意為“權(quán)衡……和……，在……和……之間做權(quán)衡”。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在這種情況下增加壓力，男人和女人開始分道揚(yáng)鑣。A.Furthermore此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Likewise同樣地；D.However然而。根據(jù)上文“undernormalcircumstances,wheneverythingislow-keyand___3___,menandwomenmakedecisionsaboutriskinsimilarways”和下文“addstresstothesituationandmenandwomenbegintopartways”可知，正常情況下男性和女性對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的決策方式相似，增加壓力的情況下兩性的方式有差異，因此這里有轉(zhuǎn)折，應(yīng)用However“然而”。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們給每個(gè)氣球充氣越多，它的分值就越大，破裂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也就越大。A.sound聲音；B.result結(jié)果；C.sight視覺；D.risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)上文“Themoretheyinflatedeachballoon”和常識(shí)可推知，氣球內(nèi)的氣體越多，破裂的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越大。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但在經(jīng)歷了冷水之后，有壓力的女性很快就停下了，把獎(jiǎng)金兌現(xiàn)，選擇更有保障的獎(jiǎng)金。A.pumped注入氣體；B.escaped逃脫；C.stopped停止；D.learned學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)下文“cashingouttheirwinningsandgoingwiththemoreguaranteedwin”可知，此時(shí)女性去兌現(xiàn)獎(jiǎng)金，選擇更有保障的獎(jiǎng)金，因此是停止給電子氣球充氣。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：壓力大的男性則恰恰相反。A.same相同的；B.opposite相反的；C.great偉大的；D.latter后者的。根據(jù)下文“Theykeptpumping”可知，男性選擇繼續(xù)注入氣體，因此是和女性的選擇相反。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，僅僅因?yàn)樗趯?shí)驗(yàn)室中是這樣進(jìn)行的，并不意味著在混亂的現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中也會(huì)發(fā)生同樣的事情。A.computer計(jì)算機(jī)；B.lab實(shí)驗(yàn)室；C.team團(tuán)隊(duì)；D.analysis分析。根據(jù)上文“Dr.Matherandherteamtaughtpeopleasimplecomputergamblinggame,inwhichtheygotpointsforinflating(給……充氣)digitalballoons.”可知，此處指上文研究人員在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)論。故選B。【30題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：在壓力環(huán)境下，由女性掌管的組織真的會(huì)做出風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更小、更具同理心的決定嗎？A.incharge在掌管之下；B.undercontrol處于控制之下；C.indemand有需求；D.underpressure處于壓力之下。根據(jù)下文“companieswithatleastonewomanontheirboards”可推知，此處指組織由女性掌管負(fù)責(zé)。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：瑞士信貸調(diào)查了2005年至2011年間（包括金融危機(jī)之前和之后的幾年）近2400家全球公司，發(fā)現(xiàn)董事會(huì)中至少有一名女性的公司比董事會(huì)全為男性的公司表現(xiàn)要好26%。A.preventing預(yù)防；B.following排在……之后；C.deepening加深；D.affecting影響。根據(jù)上文“theyearsdirectlypreceding”和下文“thefinancialcrisis”可推知，和在金融危機(jī)之前的幾年相對(duì)應(yīng)的是在金融危機(jī)之后的幾年。故選B。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：瑞士信貸調(diào)查了2005年至2011年間（包括金融危機(jī)之前和之后的幾年）近2400家全球公司，發(fā)現(xiàn)董事會(huì)中至少有一名女性的公司比董事會(huì)全為男性的公司表現(xiàn)要好26%。A.outweighed（在重要性或意義上）超過；B.outdated使過時(shí)；C.outperformed做得比……好；D.outsourced把……外包。根據(jù)上文“Someevidencesuggeststheydo.”可知，有證據(jù)表明由女性掌管的組織真的會(huì)在壓力環(huán)境下做出更好的決定，因此此處指這樣的公司表現(xiàn)得更好。故選C。【33題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況是，女性只在壓力很大的時(shí)候才被要求進(jìn)行領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。A.Preciously珍貴地；B.Surprisingly令人驚訝地；C.Unfortunately不幸地；D.Arguably可論證地。根據(jù)下文“whatoftenhappensisthatwomenareaskedtoleadonlyduringperiodsofintensestress”可知，讓女性去領(lǐng)導(dǎo)僅發(fā)生在壓力很大的時(shí)候，那時(shí)候事態(tài)已經(jīng)很嚴(yán)峻，比較難以挽回，因此用不幸去概括這樣的情況。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這被稱為玻璃懸崖，高素質(zhì)的女性只在危機(jī)時(shí)刻被要求領(lǐng)導(dǎo)組織。A.crisis危機(jī)；B.prime鼎盛時(shí)期；C.development發(fā)展；D.mistake錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)上文“onlyduringperiodsofintensestress”和下文“onlyafterthingshadbeguntofallapart”可知，讓女性去領(lǐng)導(dǎo)僅發(fā)生在壓力很大之時(shí)、事情開始分崩離析之后，因此此處指危機(jī)時(shí)刻。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：如果更多的女性成為關(guān)鍵的決策者，也許組織可以有效地應(yīng)對(duì)小的壓力，而不是讓它們升級(jí)為巨大的壓力。A.accordingto根據(jù)；B.alongwith除……以外（還）；C.apartfrom除……之外；D.ratherthan而不是。根據(jù)上文“couldrespondeffectivelytosmallstresses”和下文“l(fā)ettingthemescalateintohugeones”可知，后者是前者的反面情況，因此應(yīng)用ratherthan“而不是”，表示有效地應(yīng)對(duì)小的壓力，而不是讓小的壓力升級(jí)為巨大的壓力。故選D。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AInmyhometownofIdahoFalls,beneaththeelevatedtraintracksthatparalleledWestYellowstoneHighway,therewasahiddengemthatarousedmycuriosity.Asmallopeninginthehill,easilymissedifonewasn’tattentive,attractedmewithitshalf-moonshapeandstone-framededges.Althoughitlookedpointless,brilliantlightpouredthrough,creatingatapestryofthintreescoveredindelicate,lightgreenleaves—asymboloffreshnessandnewbeginnings—andilluminatingthespace.Thatimageremainsvividinmymind,evokingafancifulnotionofagatewaytoasecretworldwherewoodnymphsandfairieshavefun.Iimaginedanembraceofbeautifullight,apeacefulplacewhereIwouldfeelsecureandunderstood.Asateenager,armedwithadriver’slicense,Ifantasizedaboutdrivingtothatspotandfinallysteppingthroughtheopening.However,IknewdeepdownthatthemomentIventuredcloser,theenchantment(魔法)woulddisappearlikemorningmist.Eveninadulthood,Ihadaknackforsummoningenchantment.Icouldmarvelatdriftingclouds,sensingtheirmagicaldance.Oldforestsshowedanotherworldlywisdom,andseeminglycoincidentaleventsheldamysticalfascination.Butthepandemic,likeathiefinthenight,robbedmeofthatgift.Confinedtoourhomes,thecriesofourchildrenmergedwithourownaswewrestledwithteachingthemreadingandmath.Weeksstretchedintomonths,andmonthsintoyears,erodingmyabilitytofindenchantmentintheboringlife,leavingonlytheresidueofaCOVID-infectedexistence.SowhenIpickedupKatherineMay’snewestbookandreadthisbit,itfeltreallyfamiliar:“Ihavelostsomefundamentalpartofmyknowing,somebasichumanfeeling.Withoutit,theworldfeelsliketapwaterleftovernight,flatandchemical,shortoflife.Iamlikelightningseekingearth.Uneasy.Ineedabetterwaytowalkthroughthislife.Iwanttobeenchantedagain.”Mayhaswrittenanentirebookaboutthis,appropriatelytitledEnchantment:AwakeningWonderinanAnxiousAge.Idog-earedalmosteverypageinthisbook,astheymirroredmyownexperiences.ItwasaconfirmationIdesperatelyneeded-therealizationthatIwasn’taloneinmystruggle.May’sexplorationofcuriosity,imagination,andthequestformeaninginourlivesbecameaprofoundreminderofthepathIyearnedtorediscover.Therefore,Ican’twaittorecommendthisbooktoyou.Youwon’tbedisappointed;youhavemyword.36.Thefirstthreeparagraphstalkabout________.A.howtheauthordiscoveredahiddenopeninginherhometownB.whatroleasecretworldplaysinkidsfascinatedwithfairytalesC.howtheauthorholdsontoasenseofwonderasacuriouschildD.whythereisaninevitablelossofenchantmentuponinspection37.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthepassage?A.drainingup B.callingup C.steppingup D.fillingup38.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.TheauthoridentifieswiththecontentinMay’snewestbook.B.Theauthorenjoysreadingbooksinthecompanyofherdog.C.Thepandemichastakenawaytheauthor’sabilitytoread.DMay’snewestbookservesasareminderoftheboringpast.39.Thepurposeofthispassageisto________.A.comparewaystofindenchantmentinlife B.recommendMay’snewestbooktoreadersC.explainwhyasenseofwonderisimportant D.introducetheauthor’sfascinatingchildhood【答案】36.C37.B38.A39.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。作者先是敘述了自己天生擁有對(duì)身邊事物的好奇心，能認(rèn)識(shí)到它們的魅力所在，但流行病奪走了這種天賦。直到作者讀到了凱瑟琳·梅的新書，引起了共鳴，并推薦這本書?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Althoughitlookedpointless,brilliantlightpouredthrough,creatingatapestryofthintreescoveredindelicate,lightgreenleaves—asymboloffreshnessandnewbeginnings—andilluminatingthespace.(雖然它看起來毫無意義，但燦爛的陽光傾瀉而下，創(chuàng)造了一幅掛毯，上面覆蓋著纖細(xì)的樹木，嫩綠色的葉子——象征著新鮮和新的開始-照亮了這個(gè)空間)”第二段“Thatimageremainsvividinmymind,evokingafancifulnotionofagatewaytoasecretworldwherewoodnymphsandfairieshavefun.Iimaginedanembraceofbeautifullight,apeacefulplacewhereIwouldfeelsecureandunderstood.(這幅畫面在我的腦海中仍然栩栩如生，讓我產(chǎn)生了一種幻想，那就是通往一個(gè)秘密世界的大門，在那里，森林仙女和仙女們?cè)谕嫠?。我想象著一個(gè)美麗的光的擁抱，一個(gè)寧靜的地方，在那里我感到安全和被理解)”以及第三段“Asateenager,armedwithadriver’slicense,Ifantasizedaboutdrivingtothatspotandfinallysteppingthroughtheopening.However,IknewdeepdownthatthemomentIventuredcloser,theenchantment(魔法)woulddisappearlikemorningmist.(十幾歲的時(shí)候，我拿著駕照，幻想著開車到那個(gè)地方，最終穿過那個(gè)開放的地方。然而，我內(nèi)心深處知道，當(dāng)我冒險(xiǎn)靠近的那一刻，魔法就會(huì)像晨霧一樣消失)”可知，前三段講述了作者作為一個(gè)好奇的孩子是如何保持好奇心的。故選C?！?7題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Icouldmarvelatdriftingclouds,sensingtheirmagicaldance.Oldforestsshowedanotherworldlywisdom,andseeminglycoincidentaleventsheldamysticalfascination.(我可以驚嘆于漂浮的云朵，感覺到它們神奇的舞蹈。古老的森林顯示出一種超凡脫俗的智慧，看似巧合的事件具有神秘的魅力)”可知，作者擁有召喚出身邊事物魔法的天賦，故劃線詞意思是“召喚”。故選B。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Idog-earedalmosteverypageinthisbook,astheymirroredmyownexperiences.ItwasaconfirmationIdesperatelyneeded-therealizationthatIwasn’taloneinmystruggle.May’sexplorationofcuriosity,imagination,andthequestformeaninginourlivesbecameaprofoundreminderofthepathIyearnedtorediscover.(我?guī)缀醢堰@本書的每一頁都折了角，因?yàn)樗鼈兎从沉宋易约旱慕?jīng)歷。這是我迫切需要的確認(rèn)——意識(shí)到我并不孤單地在掙扎。梅對(duì)好奇心、想象力的探索，以及對(duì)生活意義的追求，深刻地提醒著我，我渴望重新發(fā)現(xiàn)這條道路)”可推知，作者認(rèn)同May新書的內(nèi)容。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Mayhaswrittenanentirebookaboutthis,appropriatelytitledEnchantment:AwakeningWonderinanAnxiousAge.Idog-earedalmosteverypageinthisbook,astheymirroredmyownexperiences.ItwasaconfirmationIdesperatelyneeded-therealizationthatIwasn’taloneinmystruggle.May’sexplorationofcuriosity,imagination,andthequestformeaninginourlivesbecameaprofoundreminderofthepathIyearnedtorediscover.Therefore,Ican’twaittorecommendthisbooktoyou.Youwon’tbedisappointed;youhavemyword.(梅為此寫了一整本書，書名很恰當(dāng)，叫《魔法：焦慮時(shí)代的覺醒奇跡》。我?guī)缀醢堰@本書的每一頁都折了角，因?yàn)樗鼈兎从沉宋易约旱慕?jīng)歷。這是我迫切需要的確認(rèn)——意識(shí)到我并不孤單地在掙扎。梅對(duì)好奇心、想象力的探索，以及對(duì)生活意義的追求，深刻地提醒著我，我渴望重新發(fā)現(xiàn)這條道路。因此，我迫不及待地向你推薦這本書。你不會(huì)失望的;我向你保證)”結(jié)合作者先是敘述了自己天生擁有對(duì)身邊事物的好奇心，能認(rèn)識(shí)到它們的魅力所在，但流行病奪走了這種天賦。直到作者讀到了凱瑟琳·梅的新書，引起了共鳴，并推薦這本書。可推知，這篇文章的目的是向讀者推薦May的新書。故選B。BCleaningupamessybedroomcanseemlikeafrighteningtask,butifyouprepareasimpleplan,youcancleanupthoroughlyandquickly.Here’sabasicspeedcleaningroadmap:■First,bringinagarbagebagandpickuptrasharoundtheroom.Gettinggarbageoutofthewayensuresyou’llavoidspillsorsoilinglinenslikesheetsortable-clothswhilecleaning.■Next,takecareofthebed.Anunclutteredbedwithasmoothblanketandneatpillowssetsthetonefortheentireroom.Ifyouhavetimetochangethesheets,doitfirst.Ifnot,shakeouttheblanketonthefloortorefreshit,andthenmakethebed.Aneatbedcanalsoholditemssuchaspictureframesorbooks,whereyoucanneatlylinethemupandeasilyputthembackaftercleaning.■Putthingsintheirproperplace.Bringanykitchenitemsbacktotheirrightfulplace.Placeclotheseitherinthelaundrybin,ormakeapileinyourclosettofoldlater.Putbooksinaneatpileoronashelf.Ifyouhaveitemsfromotherroomslyingaround,startasortingpilethatyoucanremoveanddealwithlater.Wewantthebedroomtobeclean,anddon’twantthiswholethingturnintoagameof“Wheredoesthisgo?”■Wipedownthefurniturewithmicrofiberdustwipes.Whoneedspolishingsprayandaragwhenyou’reinahurry!Pre-cutandfoldedmicrofiberclothsworkgreattodustfurniture,aTV,bookshelvesandpictureframes.■Vacuumorsweepthefloor.Thisisanessentialstep,sincealotofdustandcrumbssettlehere.Aquickrunaroundtheroomwillbeeffective.Ifyouhavemoretime,goforasecondround.Tobeconsistent,startinonecorneroftheroomandworkyourwayarounditinonedirection.Ifyoumoveaimlesslyaround,youcanlosefocus.Also,trytoattackonechoreatatime,insteadofdoingmultiplechoresatonce.Onceallthesetasksarecompleted,yourbedroomshouldlookmuchmoreinviting!40.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoingwhenweareabouttoorganizethethingsinourrooms?A.Dealingwiththeitemsfromotherroomsimmediately.B.Playingagameof“Wheredoesthisgo?”C.Liningupthethingsonthebed.D.Sortingthethingsandlaterdealingwiththem.41.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Whoneedspolishingsprayandaragwhenyou’reinahurry!”inthefifthparagraph?A.Polishingsprayandragsareintendedforspecificpeople.B.Polishingsprayandragsarenecessitiestocleanthefurniture.C.Polishingsprayandragscanalsocleanthefurniturebuttheytakelongertime.D.Polishingsprayandragsareuselessifwehavelimitedtimetocleanourbedroom.42.Undertheinstructionofthespeedcleaningroadmap,whatisNOTrecommendedtodo?A.Throwawaythegarbageintheroomatfirst.B.Changethesheetiftimepermits.C.Doasmanychoresatatimeaspossible.D.Cleanthefloorintheend.【答案】40.D41.C42.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了基本的快速清潔凌亂的臥室的路線圖?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)清潔路線圖第三點(diǎn)中的“Putthingsintheirproperplace.(把東西放到該放的地方去)”和“Ifyouhaveitemsfromotherroomslyingaround,startasortingpilethatyoucanremoveanddealwithlater.(如果你有其他房間里的東西，那就把它們分類起來，以后再處理)”可知，當(dāng)我們要整理房間里的東西時(shí)，作者的建議是先把東西整理好，然后再處理。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測題。畫線句“Whoneedspolishingsprayandaragwhenyou’reinahurry!”本身的意思是“當(dāng)你趕時(shí)間的時(shí)候，誰還需要拋光噴霧和抹布呢”，結(jié)合它的上文“Wipedownthefurniturewithmicrofiberdustwipes.(用超細(xì)纖維防塵抹布擦拭家具)”和下文“Pre-cutandfoldedmicrofiberclothsworkgreattodustfurniture,aTV,bookshelvesandpictureframes.(預(yù)先裁剪和折疊的超細(xì)纖維布對(duì)家具、電視、書架和相框除塵效果很好)”可知，作者認(rèn)為用超細(xì)纖維防塵抹布擦拭家具很便捷、效果很好。由此推知，作者的意思是雖然拋光噴霧和抹布可以同樣起到清潔家具的效果，但是耗時(shí)更久，因此在時(shí)間有限的情況下不是最優(yōu)選擇。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)清潔路線圖第一點(diǎn)中的“First,bringinagarbagebagandpickuptrasharoundtheroom.(首先，帶一個(gè)垃圾袋進(jìn)來，把房間里的垃圾撿起來)”、第二點(diǎn)中的“Ifyouhavetimetochangethesheets,doitfirst.(如果你有時(shí)間換床單，那就先換)”和最后一點(diǎn)中的“Vacuumorsweepthefloor.(用吸塵器或掃地)”可知，快速清潔路線圖建議我們先把房間里的垃圾扔掉，在時(shí)間允許的情況下更換床單，最后打掃地板，沒有推薦一次盡可能地多做家務(wù)。故選C項(xiàng)。CTechnologyhasblurredtheboundariesbetweenworkandplay,professionalandpersonal,andcareeranddowntime.Whetherit’sadigitalnomad(數(shù)字游牧民)bloggingonaBalibeachoramanagercheckingemailsonaNisekoskilift,peopleareseamlesslycombiningworkandleisure.Thetraditionalboundarybetweenbusinessandpersonaltravelisfading,givingrisetoanewtrendknownas“bleisuretravel.”Bleisuretravelextendsbeyondtheusualpracticeofbringingapartnertoaconference.Professionalsworldwideareincreasinglyaddingweekendsorevenweekstotheirworktrips,whethertheyaretravelingalone,withapartner,orasafamily.AccordingtoJeanneLiuoftheGlobalBusinessTravelAssociation,morethanoneinthreebusinesstravelerswillincorporatealeisurecomponentintoatleastoneoftheirtripsthisyear.Contrarytoexpectations,thistrendisnotlimitedtoentry-levelemployees;managersa