2025屆新高考英語復(fù)習(xí)：定語與定語從句

2025屆新高考英語精品復(fù)習(xí)定語與定語從句Attributive&Attibutiveclause定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或從句，漢語中常用“......的”表示。分為前置定語和后置定語，前置定語在所修飾的詞之前，通常較短;后置定語在所修飾的詞之后，通常較長。定語一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞(短語)、動名詞或從句充當(dāng)。下面舉例說明：1.名詞（前置）：

Sheworksinashoefactory.

Weneedtenmen/womendrivers.2.代詞（前置）：

Myfatherlikesthisjobverymuch.3.數(shù)詞（前置）:

Thereare45studentsinourclass.4.形容詞（前置/后置）:Thisisausefulbook.（單個形容詞作定語一般前置）Thereisnothingimportantintoday'snewspaper.(修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時,通常后置)Whoelsedoyouknow?(修飾疑問代詞時,通常后置)Hegavemeabasketfullofeggs.（形容詞短語作定語一般后置）Ihaven'tgotenough

money.Wehavetime

enoughtodothework.（enough修飾名詞可前置或后置）Thereisatree5metrestallinfrontofherhouse.（形容詞被量度詞修飾時,量度詞與形容詞一起后置）比較：Thereisa5-metre-talltreeinfrontofherhouse.Timealonewillshowyouwhowasright.（由前綴a-開頭的形容詞作定語時通常要后置）5.副詞（后置）:Thepeoplehere/thereareveryfriendly.6.介詞短語（后置）:

Thebookonthedeskismine.7.動詞不定式（后置）:

Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.8.分詞(短語)（前置/后置）:

ChinaisadevelopingcountrywhileAmericaisadeveloped

country.

(單個分詞作定語一般前置)

Thepeople

involvedshouldstayhere.

（起強調(diào)用的單個分詞作定語可后置）

Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.

Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.

（分詞短語作定語要后置）9.動名詞（前置）:

Hefoundanotherhidingplace.10.從句（后置）:

Thegirl(who/whom/that)yousawjustnowismysister.

Hewonfirstplace,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.hewonfirstplace（主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）Hewonfirstplace.（句子）Thathewonfirstplaceistrue.（主從復(fù)合句）That

hewonfirstplaceistrue.（主語從句）Idon’tknow（that）

hewonfirstplace.（賓語從句）Thegoodnewsisthat

hewonfirstplace.（表語從句）Thegoodnewsthat

hewonfirstplaceistrue.（同位語從句）Thematch（that）

hewonfirstplaceinisverywonderful.（定語從句）Heworkedsohardthat

hewonfirstplace.（狀語從句）

從句，就是一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)在一個句子中充當(dāng)一個成分。作定語的從句叫定語從句。

定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，用來修飾主句中的某個名詞、代詞、主句全部或部分內(nèi)容。被定語從句修飾的詞叫“先行詞”。定語從句通常緊跟在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫“引導(dǎo)詞”，引導(dǎo)詞包括關(guān)系代詞（that,which,who,whom,whose，as）和關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why）。引導(dǎo)詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間并替代先行詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，可作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語，關(guān)系代詞作賓語緊跟先行詞時可以省略。定語從句分為限制性定語從句（引導(dǎo)詞可用that,which,who,whom,whose，as，when,where,why）和非限制性定語從句（引導(dǎo)詞可用which,who,whom,whose，as，when,where,why）。（二）關(guān)系代詞的用法:1.that和which

that

指人或物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語。

which

指物、主句全部或部分內(nèi)容，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語。Thepersonthatisspeakingatthemeetingnowisapopsinger.Hisfatherworksinafactory

that/whichmakesTVsets.Thecoat

(which/that)Iputonthedeskisblack.Hewonfirstprizeinthematch,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.（一）基本結(jié)構(gòu):

先行詞+引導(dǎo)詞+定語從句剩余部分只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句:1)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時，定語從句只能用that

Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時，定語從句只能用that

Thechildrenlikethesecondlessonthatisabout“TheFootballMatch”.3)先行詞被theonly，thevery,thesame等修飾，定語從句只能用that

Itistheonlyword(that)Iknowinthepassage.

Whereistheverybook(that)Iboughtjustnow?

Thisisthesamebicycle(that)Ilost.(onebicycle)ThisisthesamebicycleasIjustbought.(twobicycles)4)先行詞為everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，

many,few等不定代詞時，定語從句只能用thatIwanteverything(that)Iwant.Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomethingverystrangethathappenedtomelastweek.5)先行詞被不定代詞all,any,no,every,little,much,many等修飾時，只能用thatHereisallthemoney(that)Ihave.6)先行詞是同時含有“人和物”的名詞時，定語從句只能用thatIcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Iseeintheroom.7)定語從句所修飾的詞為theone時，定語從句用that引導(dǎo)Isittheone(that)youwant?8)為了避免重復(fù)，在疑問詞which/who之后，用that引導(dǎo)定語從句

Whoisthegirlthatwonthefirstplace?只能用which不能用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句:（先行詞為物時）1)當(dāng)定語從句為非限制性定語從句時，只能用which引導(dǎo)

Itrainedhardyesterday,

whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.2)在介詞后只能用which引導(dǎo)

Thehousein

whichweliveisnotbig.2.who和whom

who指人，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語。whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。介詞后只能用whom。

Whoistheteacher（that）XiaoLiistalkingto?

ThedoctorwithwhomshewenttotheUnitedStateslastmonthisveryfamous.

=Thedoctor(who/whom/that)shewenttotheUnitedStateswithlastmonthisveryfamous.3.whose

whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語，可替換為ofwhom/which+the+n.或者the+n.+ofwhom/which

Doyouknowthegirlwhosename(=

thenameofwhom/ofwhomthename)isBetty?

Theroomwhosewindow(=

thewindowofwhich/ofwhichthewindow)facesnorthisourkitchen.4.as

as指人、物、主句全部或部分內(nèi)容，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語。當(dāng)先行詞被thesame,such,so,as等詞修飾時，一般用as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時，常放于主句之前?！馤astweekIboughtthesameshoesasyouweartoday.●Asisknowntous,theearthisround.（三）關(guān)系副詞的用法:

Istillremembertheday

when(=onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.TheSpringFestivalisthemostimportanttraditional

festivalinChinawhen(=duringwhich)allthehouseholdsreunite.注意：①

when替換成介詞+which時，介詞的選擇由先行詞在從句中作

時間狀語的搭配決定。

②除時間名詞外，occasion作先行詞并在定語從句中作狀語時，關(guān)系副詞也用when。Youmustremembersomeimportantoccasions

whenyoushouldbehaveyourself.1.when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。2.where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。Thisisthehouse

where(=inwhich)Ilivedtwoyearsago.Crosstheriver

where(=overwhich)thereisanoldstonebridge.注意：①

where替換成介詞+which時，介詞的選擇由先行詞在從句

中作地點狀語的搭配決定。

②除地點名詞外，case,situation,position,stage等作先行詞并在定語從句中作狀語時，關(guān)系副詞也用where?！馮herearealwayssomesituations

whereyouwonderwhattodo.●Ireachedthestage

whereImustmakeadecisiononmyown.3.why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞只有表示

原因的reason一詞。Wedon’tknowthereason

why(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.注意：why替換成介詞+which時，介詞只能用for。（四）介詞+關(guān)系代詞的使用:

當(dāng)先行詞是物時，用介詞+which；當(dāng)先行詞是人時，用介詞+whom。Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.Ihavemanyfriends,ofwhomsomearelivingabroad.注意：介詞的選擇應(yīng)考慮如下三個方面：1)介詞與從句中謂語動詞的搭配。Youmustrememberthepersontowhomyoulentyourbooks.2)介詞與先行詞的搭配。

Theday

onwhich

shearrivedwasWednesday.3)結(jié)合語境恰當(dāng)選用介詞。Theriveroverwhichthereisabridgeisnearmyhouse.Theriveronwhichthereisaboatisnearmyhouse.Theriverinwhichtherearemanyfishisnearmyhouse.小結(jié)引導(dǎo)詞所替代者（先行詞）在定語從句中擔(dān)任的句子成分that人、物主語、賓語、表語which物、主句全部或部分內(nèi)容主語、賓語、表語who人主語、賓語、表語whom人賓語whose人、物定語as人、物、主句全部或部分內(nèi)容主語、賓語、表語when時間時間狀語where地點地點狀語why原因原因狀語

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)量上與先行詞保持一致。對比：用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞由先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞譀Q定。1.

I’llneverforgettheday①____________wespenttogetherinBeijing.

②_____wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.2.Thisistheschool①____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

②_____Iworkedtenyearsago.3.Isthisthereason①_____________hegaveyouforhisbeinglate?

②_____hewaslateforthemeeting?(that/which)when=onwhich(that/which)where=in/atwhich(that/which)why=forwhich練習(xí)㈠

單項選擇1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.

A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.

A.whomB.whichC.whoD./3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.

A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?

A.whereB.whichC.whoD.whom5.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsstayedyesterday?

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.whoAC

AB

A6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.

A.whichB.thatC./D.it7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthe

streettothepolice.

A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all8.Thestudent_____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.whose9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.

A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this10.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforalltheseyears.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD./BCCAD11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.

A.wasB.wereC.isD.are12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.

A.whomB.whoC./D.he13.Theboy_____nextdoorhastwolovelydogs.

A.wholiveB.whichlivesC.whomlivesD.thatlives14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercises,please

raiseyourhands.

A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who15.Don’tgoin.Thisistheshop_____wehavejustbeen_____.

A./,toB.that,/C.where,toD.which,there

A

BD

DA16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.

A.whatB.whichC.asD./17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.

A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?

A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which19.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?

A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat

D

C

ABB21.Heissocleveraboy___wealllike.

A.whomB.thatC.whoD.as22.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.

A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich23.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicof

Chinawasfounded.

A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich24.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?

A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what25.Isthisthemuseum_____theyworkedlastyear?

A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where

D

B

B

A

D26.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIused

sit

intheevening.

A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where27.Didyoutellyourmotherall___youhadseenonthewayhome?

A.whatB.whyC.thatD.which28.It’soneofthemostimportantmeetings___thisyear.

A.thathasbeenheld

B.whichhasbeenheld

C.thathavebeenheld

D.whichhavebeenheld29.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding___thereisawell?

A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhose

C.infrontofwhichD.inthefrontofwhich30.I’llneverforgettheday___IjoinedtheLeague.

A.whenB.whichC.inwhichD.asD

C

CC

A31.Sheshowedhernewwatchtomywife,___waskeptinabox.

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it32.Shehadthreesons,all___becamedoctors.

A.whoB.whomC.ofthemD.ofwhom33.Thisisthenewtypeofplane___partsaremadeofplastics.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whose34.___isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry,belongingto

thethirdworld.

A.ItB.ThatC.AsD.Which35.Isthistheleaningtower___Galileodidexperimentscenturiesago?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

B

D

DC

B36.Manyyoungpeople,mostof___werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.

A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that37.Pleasepassmethedictionary___isblack.

A.itscoverB.whichcover

C.ofwhichthecoverD.coverofwhich38.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces___aredifferentfromours.

A.thatB.whoC.whichD.where39.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,___wasverykindofthem.

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom40.Theplace___youarestandingusedtobeanoldchurch.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

C

CA

B

B練習(xí)㈡

將下列兩句話合并成一句1.Ican’tfindthebook.Iboughtabookyesterday._____________________________________________________________2.Thegirlismysister.Thegirlisstandingonthestage._____________________________________________________________3.TheWestLakeliesinHangzhou.TheWestLakeisoneofthemostfamouslakesinChina._____________________________________________________________4.Idon’tknowthatboy.Theboyisinblueshirt._____________________________________________________________5.Mybrotherlikesthesingers.Thesingerswritetheirownmusic._____________________________________________________________

Ican’tfindthebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterday.

Thegirlwho/thatisstandingonthestageismysister.

TheWestLakethat/whichliesinHangzhouisoneofthemostfamouslakesinChina.Idon’tknowtheboywho/thatisinblueshirt.Mybrotherlikesthesingerswho/thatwritetheirownmusic.6.Thecatismine.Thecatisplayingwithaball.__________________________________________________________7.Hewastalkingwithalady.Hersonwasill.__________________________________________________________8.Yousentmysisterapresent.Thankyouverymuchforit.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thecatwhich/thatisplayingwithaballismine.Shewastalkingwithaladywhosesonwasill.

Thankyouverymuchforthepresentwhich/thatyousenttomy

sister.9.Sheisagoodperson.Everyonelikestomakefriendswithher.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Sheisagoodpersonwho/that/whomeveryonelikestomakefriendswith.=Sheisagoodpersonwithwhomeveryonelikestomakefriends.Heissittinginachairwhichisbroken.=Thechairwhich/thatheissittinginisbroken.=Thechairwhere/inwhichheissittingisbroken.練習(xí)(三）單句填空1.Peoplespokehighlyofthedriver_________,inspiteoftheterribleweather,hadsavedhispassengersfromdanger.2.Theisland_____helivedinhischildhoodisfarfromthetown.3.Ihopetogetsuchatool______herepairedthismachinewith.4.Thesoldiersstoppedattheedgeofawood,______wastherightplaceforanambush(埋伏).5.NathanHale,in_____boottheBritishguardhadfoundthemapsoftheBritisharmy'sdefenseworks,facedhisenemybravely.who/thatwhereaswhichwhose6.Thefactoryhas500workers,of_____40percentarewomen.7.Heoftentalkedabouttheartistsandpaintings____________impressedhimgreatly.8.Studentsaresuretobenefitfromeveryminute_______ismadethebestoftostudytheirlessons.9.Thiscookistheone___________________wedroppedinontheotherday.10.Iwillneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.whomthatthatwho/whom/thatthat/which練習(xí)（四）單句改錯1.Itisknowntoall,theXishaIslandsaretheterritories(領(lǐng)土)ofChina.2.Hisfamily,whichareallmusiclovers,don'twanttomissMTVprogrammes.3.Whoisthepersonwhoaskedformejustnow?4.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.5.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.━As━━━

who━━that━━━whom━━━━━that/which6.MyfatherworksinafactorythatmakeTVsets.7.Thereisnothingintheworldwhichcanfrightenhim.8.ThepersonIsharetheroomwithhimisayoungteacherfreshfromcollege.9.IcanstillrememberthesittingroomwhichmymotherandIusedtositintheevening.10.Achildwhoparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.━━━━━makes━━━━━━that━━━━━━━━━━where━━━whose對比練習(xí)1.October1,1949istheday①___________we’llneverforget.

②_____thePeople’sRepublicof

Chinawasfounded.2.Thebeachistheplace①_________Imostlikeinthesummer.

②_____Imostliketogointhesummer.3.Isthisthereason①_________hegaveyouforhisbeinglate?

②_____hewaslateforthemeeting?(that/which)when(that/which)where(that/which)why4.Heisafamousarchitect,

①_____wonaninternationalawardlast

year.

②_____designswonaninternational

awardlastyear.

③thedesignsof_____wonan

internationalawardlastyear.

④of_____thedesignswonan

internationalawardlastyear.whowhosewhomwhom高考題1.(2020年全國卷1語法填空)Chinafirsthadtoputasatellitein

orbitabovethemooninaspot_____itcouldsendsignalsto

thespacecraft(航天器)andtoEarth.2.(2020年全國卷2短文改錯)Thankyouforyourletter,whatreally

mademehappy.3.(2020年全國卷3語法填空)InancientChinalivedanartist________

paintingswerealmostlifelike.