Unit+6+Survival+Understanding+ideas+課件【知識(shí)精講】高二英語(yǔ)外研版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Unit6SurvivalUnderstandingideasLookatthepicturesandanswersthequestions1.Whatdoeseachpictureshow?Itshowsthatanearthquakehashappened.Theroadiscutoff.Ittellsusthatadiseasehasbrokenoutandisprobablyspreading.Theshipissinking.Itshowsusadensejungle.Wecanseeanastronautinspace.Itshowsusaseveredrought.2.Whatdifficultieswouldpeoplehavesurvivinginthesesituations?Peoplewouldfinditdifficulttoleavetheareatofindsafety,ortoreceivesuppliessuchasfood,water,medicinesandfuel.Powerandcommunicationsmayhavebeencutoffbytheearthquake.Thereisariskoffurtherquakesviaanaftershock.Peoplemayfacedifficultiessuchasquarantine,shortageofhospitalservicesandpanic-buyingofessentialmedicines,foodorothersupplies.Theremaybemisinformationandpanic.2.Whatdifficultieswouldpeoplehavesurvivinginthesesituations?Peoplewhoareunabletoescapetheshiponalifeboatfacetheimmediatedangersofdrowningorofdyingfromexposure.Thosewhodoescapeonalifeboatneedtorationtheirfoodandwater,andhopeforrescueassoonaspossible.Peoplewouldfinditdifficulttotravelandnavigate.Itwouldalsobedifficulttofindfoodandwater.Wildanimalsandvenomousinsectsarealsopotentialproblems.2.Whatdifficultieswouldpeoplehavesurvivinginthesesituations?Spaceisanextremeenvironmentforhumanbeings.Theyfacedangerfromextremetemperatures,lowpressuresandradiation.Theymustcarryeverythingtheyneedwiththem,evenair.Thelackofgravitymakessimpleactionssuchaseating,drinking,movingandevensleepingdifficult.Anyonewhospendstoolonginazero-gravityenvironmentriskslosingboneandmusclemass.2.Whatdifficultieswouldpeoplehavesurvivinginthesesituations?Withoutwater,peopleandlivestockfacedeathwithinashortperiodoftime.Inadditiontowatershortages,droughtcausescropfailure,sopeoplewouldfacefoodshortagesaswell.Thiscouldaffectpeoplewhodonotliveinthedrought-affectedarea.Severefoodshortagescancausefamine,migration,collapseofsocialorderandwar.Wherearethey?TheAntarctic!Let’swatchavideoandlearnmoreabouthowpeopleliveandworkinAntarctica.WatchandThinkWhatdifficultiesdotheyface?Howdotheyovercomethosedifficulties?Whatpartofthelifetherewouldbemostchallengingforyou？Why?extremeweatherlongdaysandnights1e7d195523061f1c0c2b73831c94a3edc981f60e396d3e182073EE1468018468A7F192AE5E5CD515B6C3125F8AF6E4EE646174E8CF0B46FD19828DCE8CDA3B3A044A74F0E769C5FA8CB87AB6FC303C8BA3785FAC64AF5424785C80615233B8BFBBF93FB15EF9F2842CC31512510A59567CDFC09C4B330B78657F3B5013869B76B2251005608998399849F59FA1FABB539

Theyhavetoendureextremeweatherincludingfreezingtemperatures,fiercewindsandstrongblizzards.Whentheygooutsidethestations,theywearspecialclothesforprotection.Asweathercanchangefromcalmtowhite-outinminutes,peoplehavetotakeaspecialsurvivalbagincasetheyaretrappedoutsideovernight.2Oneofthemostdifficultthingsisthelongdaysandnights.Theymaycauseissueswiththescientists’bodyclocks.Thedarknessalsomakesoutdoorresearchimpossible.Whatdifficultiesdotheyface?Howdotheyovercomethosedifficulties?Checktheanswersinadequatefreshfruitandvegetablespsychologicalproblemse7d195523061f1c0c2b73831c94a3edc981f60e396d3e182073EE1468018468A7F192AE5E5CD515B6C3125F8AF6E4EE646174E8CF0B46FD19828DCE8CDA3B3A044A74F0E769C5FA8CB87AB6FC303C8BA3785FAC64AF5424785C80615233B8BFBBF93FB15EF9F2842CC31512510A59567CDFC09C4B330B78657F3B5013869B76B2251005608998399849F59FA1FABB539Itisalmostimpossibletogrowfreshproducetherebecauseoftheextremeconditions,andmostfoodisimported.Itisdifficultforscientiststohaveavarieddiet,andtheycan’tgetenoughfreshfruitandvegetables.Theyhavetofacepsychologicalproblems.Tokeepthescientistspsychologicallyhealthy,researchstationsofferactivitiesandentertainmentincludinglivemusicandlectures.34Checktheanswers2.Whatpartofthelifetherewouldbemostchallengingforyou？Why?Unusuallylongdaysandnights.Lonelinesscanofcoursebeaproblem.Itcanbedifficulttohaveavarieddiet.…Because…We’vetalkedabouthowwehumanssurviveunderdifferentconditions.Nowlet’spayattentiontoourfriends—wildanimals.Lookatthepictures(P62)andanswerthequestions.foxLeopardbearracoonchacmababoonhedgehog1.Wherewouldyounormallyexpecttofindtheseanimals?Inthewild,maybeintheforest.2.Wouldyoubesurprisedtoseetheseanimalsinacity?Whyorwhynot?Yeah,itisnotcommontoseetheminacity.Notsurprisedatall,afterall,theenvironmenthasimprovedalottheseyears.3.Whatproblemscouldtheyencounterincities?Theymayhavedifficultiesfindingfood,shelterandmates.Ifpeoplefindthem,theymaybetrappedorkilled.PredictionLookatthetitle:TheWildWithin.Andthinkaboutwhatitmeans.Turntopage62,readthepassageandcheckyourprediction!IIFastreadingReadformainideaofthepassageThepassageexplainstheimpactofhumanurbanizationprocessonwildlifebyintroducingthephenomenonofwildanimalsenteringthecities,thereasonsbehind,theirlivingconditionsandtheproblemsencounteredinthecitiesandsoon.Para.1Para.3Para.4Para.6Readforthemainideaofeachparagraphandthepassagestructure.a.Reasonsbehindwildanimals’migration.b.Thecrimeinacity.c.Benefitsacitycanoffertowildinhabitants.d.Howwildanimalsadapttothecity.e.Dangersforthosethatdon’tadapt.f.What

we

humans

should

do.Para.2Para.5ChoosethetopicsentencesforParagraphs2–5andwritethemonthelinestocompletethepassage.a.Onethingcrucialtotheincreasingnumberof“urbananimals”istheirabilitytoadapt.b.Peopleoftenwonderaboutthereasonsbehindthismassurbanmigration.c.Forthoseanimalsthatdon’tadapt,thecitycanbeadangerousorevendeadlyplace.d.Yet,foritsnewestandwildestinhabitants,acitycanoffermanybenefits.Para4Para2Para5Para3IIICarefulreadingThecrimetookplaceinaseasidesuburbofCapeTown.Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen,thegreedythiefdidn’thesitate.Withinseconds,hehadreachedinsideandrunawaywithabagofshopping.Nomatterhowmanycrimeshecommitted,thepolicewerepowerlesstoarresthim.Yousee,thiswasnoordinarycriminal:itwasachacmababoon.Oncealmostunheardof,sceneslikethisoneinCapeTownarenowcommonallovertheworld.WithfoxesinLondon,mountainlionsinSanFranciscoandwildpigsinHongKong,itisalmostasifourcitiesarebeingtakenoverbywildanimals.Whydoestheauthormentionthecrimeinthefirstparagraph?ReadandAnswerPara.1Tointroducethetopicofthewholepassageandattractreaders’attention.commitcom-(together)+mit(tosend送)→將人送去承擔(dān)義務(wù)等→(使)承擔(dān)義務(wù);(使)作出保證commitacrime/mistake犯罪/犯錯(cuò)派生詞criminaln[C]罪犯takeover接管Mostofuswouldassumethaturbandevelopmentandclimatechangeareresponsibleforpushingtheanimalsoutoftheirnaturalhabitats.Howevertruethisis,wealsoneedtoconsiderthatsomeoftheseso-called“urbananimals”havenevermovedatall–it’swehumanswhohavemovedintotheirterritory.Wherevertheygo,animalsfindtownsandcitiesintheirway.Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes,theyhavenochoicebuttomoveinwithus.Whydowildanimalsmoveintocities?ReadandAnswerPara.2①②beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)havenochoicebuttodosth別無(wú)選擇只能做某事Asourcitiesbecomegreener,theyofferincreasinglyappealingspacestoanimalslookingfornewhabitats.Outofreachfrommanyoftheirnaturalpredators,thesenewcomersoftenflourishintheirnewcitylives.Today,foxescanbeseenalloverLondon-oneevenbeingfoundlivingonthe72ndflooroftheShardbuildingwhenitwasunderconstruction!What’smore,hungryanimalsarefindingplentytoeatinourgardensandintheleftoverswethrowaway.Whatbenefitscanacityoffertoitswildinhabitants?ReadandAnswerPara.3①②flourishv

flour(=flower花)+-ish(動(dòng)詞后綴)→像花一樣盛開(kāi)生長(zhǎng)茂盛：興盛underconstruction在建設(shè)中Thereisevidencethaturbanracoonsaremoreintelligentthantheirwildcousins,astheyfrequentlyhavetofigureoutdifficultproblemssuchashowtoopenrubbishbinsandothercontainerswhichtheywouldnotfindinthewild.Someanimalshaveevenchangedtheirlivinghabitstofitinwiththeirnewhomes.Althoughnaturallyactiveatnight,urbanfoxescomeoutindaylightiftherewardisgoodenough.Theircitylocationalsomeansthattheyaregettingatasteforthemulticulturalcuisineonofferfromthegarbage,suchashamburgers,lambkebabsandevengarlicbread!ReadandAnswerPara.4Wildanimalsurbanracoonsopenrubbishbinsandothercontainers.urbanfoxescomeoutindaylightiftherewardisgoodenough.difficultproblemschangetheir_________tofitinfigureout_______________livinghabitsUnabletodistinguishbetweenblueskyandglass,birdscrashintowindowsatspeedsofabout50kilometresperhour.Recentstudiesestimatethatbetween400millionand1billionbirdsdiefromwindowimpactseachyearintheUSalone.Shockingly,thesedeathsamounttoaroundtenpercentofthetotalUSbirdpopulation.Somespeciesaremoreaffectedthanothers.Onetheorybehindthisisthatthesebirdshaveyettochangetheirmigratoryroutesthattakethemthroughcitieswithhigh-risebuildings.Howevertheyadapttoourwaysofurbanliving,it’simportantthatwegetabetterunderstandingofandevenlearntoappreciateourwildneighbours.Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.Whateverthereasonsbehindthesespeciesenteringourcities,onethingisforsureasit’softenameansoftheirsurvival,theycouldbewithustostay.1.Whymaycitiesbedangerousforsomebirds?ReadandAnswerPara.5Para.6①②2.Whatshouldwedotocoexistwithourwildneibroughers?Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethediagram.ReasonsformigrationUrbandevelopmentandclimatechangepushtheanimal

1______________________________.Wherevertheygo,animalsfindtownsandcitiesintheirway.Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes,theyhavenochoicebuttomoveinwithus.2BenefitsofcitiesforanimalsAppealingspacesashabitats.3Outofreachfrommanyoftheirnaturalpredators,thesenewcomersoftenflourishintheirnewcitylives.4Hungryanimalsarefindingplentytoeatinourgardensandintheleftoverswethrowaway.outoftheirnaturalhabitatsAnimals’adaptiontocitiesUrbananimalsaremore

Someanimalshaveevenchangedtheirlivinghabitstofitinwiththeirnewhomes.65Dangersforsomeanimals7Unabletodistinguishbetweenblueskyandglass,birdscrashintowindows.8Somebirdshaveyettochangetheirmigratoryroutesthattakethemthroughcitieswithhigh-risebuildings.intelligentthantheirwildcousins.Weshouldlearntobetterunderstandandappreciateourwildneighbours,and9

looktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.GroupworkTalkaboutwhatpeoplecandotoachieveabalancebetweentheneedforurbandevelopmentandtheprotectionofwildanimals.ⅣPost-readingHowwouldyoudescribetherelationshipbetweenpeopleandurbananimalsinthepassage?Whatfigureofspeechisusedinthefirstparagraph?Whydoestheauthorchoosetostartthepassagethisway?Someenvironmentalistsarguethatweshouldrestricturbandevelopmenttoleaveenoughnaturalhabitatsforwildanimals.Doyouagreewiththis?Giveyourreasons.ThinkShareHowwouldyoudescribetherelationshipbetweenpeopleandurbananimalsinthepassage?ThinkShareAbalancedrelationship.Peopleliveinthecitiesandsomeanimalsalsoseethemashabitats.Aharmoniousrelationship.Peopleandanimalscangetwhattheyneedfromthecities.2.Whatfigureofspeechisusedinthefirstparagraph?Whydoestheauthorchoosetostartthepassagethisway?ThinkShareInthefirstparagraph,theauthorusespersonificationtodescribewhaturbananimalsaredoing,withtheaimofattractingreaders’attention.3.Someenvironmentalistsarguethatweshouldrestricturbandevelopmenttoleaveenoughnaturalhabitatsforwildanimals.Doyouagreewiththis?Giveyourreasons.ThinkShareItotallyagreewiththisidea,becausewecanleavesomeplacesforanimalstouseashabitats.LanguagepointsVI’vejustspottedamistakeonthecover.我剛才在封面上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一處錯(cuò)誤。spotsbdoingsth看到某人在做某事Ispottedsomeonecomingoutofthecampus.

我看見(jiàn)有人從校園里走出來(lái)了。onthespot當(dāng)場(chǎng)；當(dāng)面；立即；馬上Ican’tgiveyouadecisiononthespot.我不能馬上給你答復(fù)。spotv注意到；發(fā)現(xiàn)ImportantwordsIdidn’thesitateforamomentabouttakingthejob.我毫不猶豫地接受了那份工作。don’thesitatetodosth（毫無(wú)顧慮）盡管去做某事Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasedon’thesitatetofindme.如果你有任何問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)盡管告訴我。2.hesitatev猶豫；遲疑hesitationn

猶豫，遲疑withouthesitation毫不猶豫地Heacceptedmyofferwithouthesitation.他毫不猶豫地接受了我的提議。3.flourishv

繁榮;昌盛;興旺Theseplantsflourishinadampclimate.這些植物在潮濕條件下長(zhǎng)勢(shì)茂盛。Fewbusinessesareflourishinginthepresenteconomicclimate.在目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下，很少有企業(yè)興旺發(fā)達(dá)。Ifyouarealwayslendingahelpinghand,youwillsomedaygetsomethingasareward.如果你總是幫助別人，某天你可能會(huì)得到一些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

4.rewardn

獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；回報(bào)；報(bào)酬Importantphases1commitacrime2takeover3beresponsiblefor4havenochoicebuttodosth5underconstruction6figureout7fitinwith8getatastefor9distinguishbetweenAandB10amountto11getabetterunderstandingof犯罪接管弄清楚在建設(shè)中為……負(fù)責(zé)別無(wú)選擇只能做某事適應(yīng)在A和B之間區(qū)分品嘗占……比；總計(jì)更好地理解Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen,thegreedythiefdidn’thesitate.(P62)Importantsentences

Whenthegreedythieffoundthewindowofthecarwasopen,hedidwhathewantedwithoutdelay/immediately.Paraphrase1:spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen和oncealmostunheardof分別是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，均在句中作狀語(yǔ)。

OncescenessuchasthisoneinCapeTownwereveryrare,butnowtheyarecommonallovertheworld.Paraphrase2:2.Oncealmostunheardof,sceneslikethisoneinCapeTownarenowcommonallovertheworld.(P62)如何辨別什么時(shí)候用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)？關(guān)鍵就是看句子主語(yǔ)是該（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)作的施動(dòng)者，還是該動(dòng)作的承受者。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)Enteringtheroom,hefoundJerrywasseatedatthedesk.主語(yǔ)Jerry和enter是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用entering。Surroundedbyagarden,thishouseenjoysfreshairalmostallthetime.主語(yǔ)thishouse和surround是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用surrounded。________(stand)atthetopofthemountain,heenjoyedagrand

sightofthecity.2)_____(see)fromtheabove,thishouselooksverysmall.3)_______(enjoy)awonderfulsightofthecity,hegoestothetopofthemountain.StandingSeenToenjoy主語(yǔ)he是動(dòng)作stand的施動(dòng)者主語(yǔ)thishouse是動(dòng)作see的承受者此處用toenjoy表示目的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)3.WithfoxesinLondon,mountainlionsinSanFranciscoandwildpigsinHongKong,itisalmostasifourcitiesarebeingtakenoverbywildanimals.(P62)Importantsentences

TherearefoxesinLondon,mountainlionsinSanFranciscoandwildpigsinHongKong,asifthesewildanimalsarereplacingushumanbeingsinourcities.Paraphrase:withfoxesinLondon,mountainlionsinSanFranciscoandwildpigsinHongKong為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，該結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中一般表示原因、伴隨、條件等成分。本課中還有以下用到該結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen,thegreedythiefdidn’thesitate.Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes,theyhavenochoicebuttomoveinwithus.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（1）with+賓語(yǔ)（sb/sth)+doing（注：當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，

可以用doing作賓補(bǔ)成分）

WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglish,Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.此句中，賓語(yǔ)people和賓補(bǔ)communicate是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故賓補(bǔ)用現(xiàn)在

分詞communicating的形式。（2）with+賓語(yǔ)+done（注：當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，可以用done作

賓補(bǔ)成分）Shestoodwithherarmscrossed,staringoutthewindow.此句中，賓語(yǔ)herarms和賓補(bǔ)cross是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故賓補(bǔ)用過(guò)去分詞crossed的形式。有那么多人用英語(yǔ)交流，英語(yǔ)正在變得越來(lái)越重要。她雙臂交叉站著，眼睛盯著窗外。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（3）with+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式（注：當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)作在將來(lái)發(fā)生時(shí)，

可用todo作賓補(bǔ)成分）

Withagreatmanyclothestowash,Ican’tgooutnow.此句中，衣服是將來(lái)要洗，我們可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，故

用towash的形式。有好多衣服要洗，我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)法出去。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（4）with+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞

嘴里有東西的時(shí)候不應(yīng)該說(shuō)話。 Youshouldn’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.（5）with+賓語(yǔ)+副詞

他低著頭站在媽媽面前。 Hestoodinfrontofhismotherwithhisheaddown.（6）with+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)

露西眼含淚水跑開(kāi)了。 Lucyranawaywithtearsinhereyes.4.Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.(P63)Importantsentences

Wecanexpecttoshareoururbanhabitatsharmoniouslyonlyatthattime.Paraphrase:此句中，only放在句首修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句采用部分倒裝的形式。具體形式是：only+狀語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+……Importantsentences1)only+副詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Onlythenwillyouknowtheoutcome.只有到那個(gè)時(shí)候你才知道后果。2)only+介詞短語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Onlyinthiswaycanyourealiseyourdreams.只有用這種方式，你才能實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想。3)only+狀語(yǔ)從句+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Onlywhenyouarefocusedonthethingscanyouachieveahighlevelofefficiency.只有當(dāng)你專心做事的時(shí)候，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)高效率。1)他只有叫喊才能讓別人聽(tīng)到他。Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakehimselfheard.2)只有你的身份通過(guò)驗(yàn)證，你才能夠進(jìn)去。Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeencheckedwillyoubeallowedin.翻譯：5.Althoughnaturallyactiveatnight,urbanfoxescomeoutindaylightiftherewardisgoodenough.(P63)Importants