廣東省廣州市四校2023屆高三年級上冊期末聯(lián)考英語試卷含答案

2023屆高三四校聯(lián)考

英語

本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，共8頁，滿分120分，考試用時120分鐘。

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第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Thissummer,maywesuggestswitchingyourphonetoairplanemodeandgettinglostina

book?Itwouldbeagoodideatocurlupinyourfavoritechairwithabookonthebeach.Hereare

fivebrandnewbeachreadsbrimmingwithsunshinesand,romanceandsecret.

OutoftheClearBlueSkybyKristanHiggins

KristanHigginsspinsaheartwarmingandhumoroustaleofanemptynestergoingthrough

somemajorlifechanges.Thenursehasalwaysputothersfirst.Butwhenherson'sdeparturefbr

collegecoincideswithherhusbandleavingher,lifepresentstheperfecttimetotrytogetherself

back.

TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt

CassandraHartt?sdebutyoungadultnoveltakesplaceonthecoastofMaine,inafictional

townerodingintotheocean.Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstory

unpacksthetrialsofteenagersdealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupina

hometownthatmightnotexistfbrmuchlonger.

TheCounselorsbyJessicaGoodman

Whatcouldbebetterthanajuicytaleoffriendsataprestigioussummercamp.Thisfast-paced

youngadultthrillersetatthefictionalCampAlpineLake,willhaveyouturningpagesinsuspense

andfeelingacravingforcampfiresatthesametime.

DogFriendlybyVictoriaSchade

Petlovers,catyourheartout.ThelatestnovelfromdogtrainerandauthorVictoriaSchade

featuresanoverworkedvet,MorganPearce,whoescapestoNantuckettorechargewhiletakingcare

ofherclient'sdog.Unexpectedromanceisinstoreforher.

TheForestofVanishingStarsbyKristinHarmel

Nowavailableinpaperback,theauthortellsaturningnovelaboutawomanwho,after

beingkidnapped,findsherselfisolatedandlivinginthewildernessofEasternEuropeduringWorld

WarII.Inanunexpectedturnofevents,sheissuddenlythrustintoteachingagroupofJewish

peoplewhoescapedNaziGermanyhowtosurviveintheforest.

1.Whoarethesebooksprobablyrecommendedto?

A.Peopletakingaplane.

B.Peopleworkingonthebeach.

C.Peoplegoingonholiday.

D.Peoplelongingtolivebythesea.

2.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouchooseifyoufavourstoriesaboutteenagelife?

A.TheCounselorsandDogFriendly.

B.TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIandTheCounselors.

C.TheCounselorsandTheForestofVanishingStars.

D.OutoftheClearBlueSkyandTheSeaisSaltandsoAmI.

3.Whatdothesebookshaveincommon?

A.Theyaremainlyfictional.

B.Theyareheartwarmingtales.

C.Theyaretalessetincoastalareas.

D.Theyareexploringthesametheme.

【答案】l.C2.B3.D

【1題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中"Thissummer,maywesuggestswitchingyourphonetoairplane

modeandgettinglostinabook?Itwouldbeagoodideatocurlupinyourfavoritechairwitha

bookonthebeach.Herearefivebrandnewbeachreadsbrimmingwithsunshinesand,romance

andsecret.（今年夏天，我們是否可以建議你把手機調(diào)到飛行模式，沉浸在書中？在沙灘上蜷

縮在你最喜歡的椅子上看書是個好主意。這里有五個全新的海灘讀物，充滿了陽光、沙灘、

浪漫和秘密）”可推知，這些書是推薦給那些在海邊度假的人。故選C項。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標題TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt下的段落中“Cassandra

Hartt'sdebutyoungadultnoveltakesplaceonthecoastofMaine,inafictionaltownerodinginto

theocean.Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstoryunpacksthetrialsof

teenagersdealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupinahometownthatmightnot

existformuchlonger.（卡桑德拉?哈特的處女作是一部青少年小說，故事發(fā)生在緬因州海岸，

一個虛構(gòu)的小鎮(zhèn)被海水侵蝕。通過不同的視角，這個充滿情感和發(fā)自內(nèi)心的故事揭示了青少

年在面對信任、愛情、危險的浪潮，以及在一個可能不會存在太久的家鄉(xiāng)長大的經(jīng)歷戶可知I,

如果你喜歡關(guān)于青少年生活的故事，可以看TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartto

故選B項。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)小標題OutoftheClearBlueSkybyKristanHiggins下的段落中“Kristan

Higginsspinsaheartwarmingandhumoroustaleofanemptynestergoingthroughsomemajor

lifechanges.（克里斯坦,希金斯講述了一個溫暖而幽默的故事，講述了一個空巢老人正在經(jīng)歷

一些重大的生活變化）“，小標題TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt下的段落中

“Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstoryunpacksthetrialsofteenagers

dealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupinahometownthatmightnotexistfor

muchlonger.（通過不同的視角，這個充滿情感和發(fā)自內(nèi)心的故事揭示了青少年在面對信任、

愛情、危險的浪潮，以及在一個可能不會存在太久的家鄉(xiāng)長大的經(jīng)歷）”，小標題The

CounselorsbyJessicaGoodman下的段落中“Thisfast-pacedyoungadultthrillersetatthe

fictionalCampAlpineLake,willhaveyouturningpagesinsuspenseandfeelingacravingfbr

campfiresatthesametime.（這部以虛構(gòu)的阿爾卑斯湖營地為背景的快節(jié)奏青少年驚悚片，會

讓你在懸念中翻頁，同時感覺對篝火的渴望）”，小標題DogFriendlybyVictoriaSchade下的

段落中“Unexpeciedromanceisinstoreforher.（意想不到的浪漫正等著她）”以及小標題The

ForestofVanishingStarsbyKristinHarmel下的段落中“Inanunexpectedturnofevents,sheis

suddenlythrustintoteachingagroupofJewishpeoplewhoescapedNaziGermanyhowtosurvive

intheforest.(在一個意想不到的轉(zhuǎn)折中，她突然被迫去教一群逃離納粹德國的猶太人如何在

森林里生存)”可推知，這些書有共同的主題，生活中總會遇到一些出乎預(yù)料的事。故選D項。

B

Onceonadarkwinter'sday,whentheyellowfoghungsothickandheavyinthestreetsof

Londonthatthelampswerelightedandtheshopwindowsblazedwithgasastheydoatnight,a

Littlegirlsatinacabwithherfatherandwasdrivenratherslowlythroughthebigthoroughfares.

Sheleanedagainstherfather,whoheldherinhisarm,asshestaredoutofthewindowatthe

passingpeoplewithaqueer(strange,odd)old-fashionedthoughtfulnessinherbigeyes.

Principally,shewasthinkingofwhataqueerthingitwasthatatonetimeonewasinIndiain

theblazingsun,andtheninthemiddleoftheocean,andthendrivinginastrangevehiclethrough

strangestreetswherethedaywasasdarkasthenight.Shefoundthissopuzzlingthatshemoved

closertoherfather.

“Whatisit.darling?”CaptainCreweasked,holdinghercloserandlookingdownintoherface.

Duringhershortlifeonlyonethinghadtroubledher,andthatthingwas“theplace“shewasto

betakentosomeday.TheclimateofIndiawasverybadforchildren,andassoonaspossiblethey

weresentawayfromit-generallytoEnglandandtoschool.Shebadseenotherchildrengoaway,

andhadheardtheirfathersandmotherstalkabouttheletterstheyreceivedfromtheml.Shehad

knownthatshewouldbeobligedtogoalso,andthoughsometimesherfather'sstoriesofthevoyage

andthenewcountryhadattractedher,shehadbeentroubledbythethoughtthathecouldnotstay

withher.

Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthehouseforherfather;toridewithhim,andsitatthe

headofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;totalktohimandreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhat

shewouldlikemostintheworld,andifonemustgoawayto“theplace44inEnglandtoattainit,she

mustmakeuphermindtogo.Shedidnotcareverymuchforotherlittlegirls,butifshehadplenty

ofbooksshecouldconsoleherself.

Itwasabig,dull,brickhouse,exactlylikealltheothersinitsrow,butthatonthefrontdoor

thereshoneabrassplateonwhichwasengravedinblackletters:

MISSMINCHIN,SelectSeminaryforYoungLadies.

“Idon'tlikeit,papa,“shesaid."Butthen1daresaysoldiers-evenbraveones-don^reallylike

goingintobattle."Sarastoodquietly,withhereyesfixeduponMissMinchin'sface.Shewas

thinkingsomethingodd,asusual.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?

A.Sarawasbotheredbyherdeparturefromherfather.

B.SarawasabouttobesenttoLondonforacompletelynewlife.

C.Sarawasthinkingofawaytoescapebeingsenttoaforeigncountry.

D.Sarawaspersuadedtoreceivefurthereducationinaprestigiousschool.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“console“inParagraph6probablymean?

A.entertainB.occupy

C.comfortD.improve

6.WhatdoesSaraprobablythinkofher9futureinthenewplace?

A.Shedidn'tmindlivingwithothergirls.

B.Shehatedtheideaoflivingindependently.

C.Shewaspositiveaboutthenewlifeatschool.

D.Shewasconfidenttoadapttothenewenvironment.

7.Whichofthefollowingwritingskillsisemployedinthetext?

A.TheauthorcomparesSara'sbraverytothatofthesoldiers.

B.Thedescriptionofthesurroundingsistoaddhorrortothestory.

C.TheimageofSaraisdepictedthroughappearanceandlanguage.

D.Bodylanguageisemployedtoshowthecharacter'sstateofmind.

【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.D

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句話"TheclimateofIndiawasverybadforchildren,andassoon

aspossibletheyweresentawayfromit-generallytoEnglandandtoschool.（E|l度的氣候?qū)⒆?/p>

們來說非常糟糕，他們很快就被送往英國和學(xué)校）”，"Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthe

houseforherfather;toridewithhim,andsitattheheadofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;to

talktohimandreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhatshewouldlikemostintheworld,andifone

mustgoawayto“theplace"inEnglandtoattainit,shemustmakeuphermindtogo.（她喜歡這

樣想。為她父親保管房子；和他一起騎馬，在他參加晚宴時坐在桌子的最前面；和他交談，

讀他的書——這將是她在世界上最喜歡的事情，如果一個人必須去英國的“地方”去實現(xiàn)它，

她必須下定決心去）”以及倒數(shù)第二段“MISSMINCHIN,SelectSeminaryforYoung

Ladies.（MINCHIN女士，為年輕女士選擇神學(xué)院）”可知，小女孩必須得去英國接受進一步的

教育，這是父母們所希望的。盡管她不想去，但是這是她做自己想做的事情之前必須要做的

事情。由此可推知，小女孩決定去英國的一個神學(xué)院接受進一步的教育。故選D.

【5題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前面的句子“Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthehouseforher

father;toridewithhim,andsitattheheadofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;totalktohim

andreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhatshewouldlikemostintheworld,andifonemustgo

awayto"theplace'*inEnglandtoattainit,shemustmakeuphermindtogo.（她喜歡這樣想。為

她父親保管房子；和他一起騎馬，在他參加晚宴時坐在桌子的最前面；和他交談，讀他的書

—這將是她在世界上最喜歡的事情，如果一個人必須去英國的“地方”去實現(xiàn)它，她必須下

定決心去）”以及劃線單詞前半句話“Shedidnotcareverymuchforotherlittlegirls（她不太關(guān)心

其他小女孩）”可知，小女孩并不想去英國讀書，但是她必須要去。在那里她可能不認識其她

的小女孩，但是書可以安慰她寂寞的心靈。故換線單詞的意思為“安慰故選C。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段小女孩說的話“"Idon'tlikeit,papa,“shesaid."ButthenIdaresay

soldiers-evenbraveones-don，treallylikegoingintobattle.”（我不喜歡，爸爸，"她說?！暗?/p>

敢說，士兵們——即使是勇敢的士兵也不喜歡參加戰(zhàn)斗。可知，小女孩雖然不喜歡這個

地方，但是她相信她會像一個勇敢的士兵一樣，去克服自己的困難。由此可推知，小女孩有

信心去適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。故選D.

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Sheleanedagainstherfather,whoheldherinhisarm,asshestaredout

ofthewindowatthepassingpeoplewithaqueer（strange,odd）old-fashionedthoughtfulnessin

herbigeyes.（她靠在父親的身上，父親把她摟在懷里，她用一雙奇怪的、古怪的、老式的體

貼的大眼睛凝視著窗外的路人戶可推知，作者使用了肢體語言，來描述作者現(xiàn)在的心里狀態(tài)。

故選D。

C

Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenatureinwhichmentalattemptsare

madetoavoidtheexpectedpotentialthreats.

Ifweweretokeeparecordofallthethingsweworriedaboutduringagivenperiodoftime,we

woulddiscover,inreviewingthem,thatthegreatmajorityofourexpectedproblemsortroubles

nevercometopass.Thismeansthatmostofthetimewedevotetoworrying,whichpushesustotry

tocomeupwithasolutiontowhatistroublingus,iswasted,Thus,wenotonlycausedourselves

unnecessarymentalpain,buttookupvaluableminutesandhoursthatcould'vebeenspent

elsewhere.

Toavoidthisitisoftennecessarytostaycalmandtracethesourcesofworry.Moreimportantly,

weshouldanalyzethesituationandseewhetheritistheveryproblemthatisbotheringus.Blindly

feelingnervousaboutwhethertheproblemcanbesolvedissometimesridiculous,fortheproblems

donotexist.Once,shortlybeforeamajorconcert,amemberofArturoToscanini'sorchestra

approachedthegreatItalianconductorwithanexpressionoffearonhisface."Maestro（大!1幣），"the

musiciansaid,“myinstrumentisnotworkingproperly.IcannotreachthenoteofE-flat.Whatever

willIdo?Wearetobegininafewmoments."Toscaninilookedatthemanwithamazement.Then

hesmiledkindlyandplacedanarmaroundhisshoulders."Myfriend,vhereplied,"Donotworry

aboutit.ThenoteE-flatdoesnotappearanywhereinthemusicthatyouwillbeplayingthis

evening.”

Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbe

wisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeable

togoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary.

8.Whatdoweknowaboutworryfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Itrequirespeopletorecordandreviewthetroublelater.

B.Itdrivespeopletotryandstaysafefromanticipatedtrouble.

C.Ifsreferredtoasnegativeideasaboutthingsthatwillneverhappen.

D.Itcausesawasteoftimethatshouldbespentonsolvingtheproblem.

9.TheexampleoftheorchestramentionedinParagraph3istoarguethat.

AthenoteE-flatdoesnotappearinthemusic

B.wronglyanalyzingtheproblemisridiculous

C.it'snotwisetobedisturbedbysomethingimaginary

D.amanofwisdomisabletodealwithlworryeffectively

10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.ArturoToscaniniwasagreatItalianmusicianfromItaly.

B.Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenature.

C.Timewastedonworryshouldbespentonsomethingmeaningful.

D.Peoplefeelannoyedbyworrybecauseofpsychologicalproblems.

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thesourceofworry.

B.Howtodealwithworry.

C.Thedefinitionofworry.

D.Howworryaffectspeople.

【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenatureinwhich

mentalattemptsaremadetoavoidtheexpectedpotentialthreats.（憂慮被定義為消極的想法和形

象，在這種想法和形象中，人們在心理上試圖避免預(yù)期的潛在威脅”和第二段"Ifwewere

tokeeparecordofallthethingsweworriedaboutduringagivenperiodoftime,wewould

discover,inreviewingthem,thatthegreatmajorityofourexpectedproblemsortroublesnever

cometopass.Thismeansthatmostofthetimewedevotetoworrying,whichpushesustotryto

comeupwithasolutiontowhatistroublingus,iswasted,Thus,wenotonlycausedourselves

unnecessarymentalpain,buttookupvaluableminutesandhoursthatcould'vebeenspent

elsewhere.（如果我們把一段時間內(nèi)我們所擔(dān)心的所有事情都記錄下來，在回顧它們的時候，

我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們所預(yù)期的問題或麻煩絕大多數(shù)都不會發(fā)生。這意味著我們花在擔(dān)憂上的大

部分時間都被浪費了，這些時間促使我們努力想出解決困擾我們的問題的方法。因此，我們

不僅給自己造成了不必要的精神痛苦，還占用了本可以花在其他地方的寶貴的分鐘和小

時。）”可知，前兩段可以得知，擔(dān)憂浪費了本應(yīng)花在解決問題上的時間。故選D。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Toavoidthis,itisoftennecessarytostaycalmandtracethesourcesof

worry.Moreimportantly,weshouldanalyzethesituationandseewhetheritistheveryproblem

thatisbotheringus.Blindlyfeelingnervousaboutwhethertheproblemcanbesolvedis

sometimesnidicolous,fortheproblemsdonotexist.Once,shortlybeforeamajorconcert,a

memberofArturoToscanini'sorchestraapproachedthegreatItalianconductorwithanexpression

offearonhisface."Maestro（大師），'themusiciansaid,'myinstrumentisnotworkingproperly.I

cannotreachthenoteofE-flat.WhateverwillIdo?Wearetobegininafewmoments.,Toscanini

lookedatthemanwithamazement.Thenhesmiledkindlyandplacedanarmaroundhisshoulders.

'Myfriend,5hereplied,'Donotworryaboutit.ThenoteE-flatdoesnotappearanywhereinIhe

musicthatyouwillbeplayingthisevening.5（為了避免這種情況，通常有必要保持冷靜，尋

找擔(dān)憂的根源。更重要的是，我們應(yīng)該分析形勢，看看是不是問題本身在困擾我們。盲目地

為問題能否解決而緊張有時是可笑的，因為問題并不存在。有一次，在一場大型音樂會上，

阿圖羅托斯卡尼尼（ArturoToscanini）樂隊的一名成員臉上帶著恐懼的表情走近這位偉大的

意大利指揮家?！按髱煟币魳芳艺f，“我的樂器不能正常工作了。我唱不到降e音。我該怎

么辦呢?我們馬上就要開始了?！蓖兴箍崮狍@訝地看著這個人。然后他和藹地笑了笑，把一

只胳膊搭在他的肩膀上。他回答說:“我的朋友，不要為這事?lián)?。降e音在你今晚演奏的樂

曲中是沒有出現(xiàn)的。“）”可知，第三段提到提到的管弦樂隊的例子為了說明，被想象的東西

打擾是不明智的。故選C。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingabout

somematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwill

happen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeing

disturbedbysomethingimaginary.（下次當我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在為某些事情擔(dān)心時，明智的做法

是停下來問問自己問題是什么，它是否會發(fā)生。然后我們就可以繼續(xù)做一些更有意義的事情，

或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打擾。）”可知，浪費在憂慮上的時間應(yīng)該花在有意義的事情

上。故選C。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingabout

somematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwill

happen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeing

disturbedbysomethingimaginary.（下次當我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在為某些事情擔(dān)心時，明智的做法

是停下來問問自己問題是什么，它是否會發(fā)生。然后我們就可以繼續(xù)做一些更有意義的事情，

或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打擾。）“可知，本文主要講述了如何處理憂慮。故選B。

D

Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprovelifeinthemistoseparate

peoplefromtheircars.Evenwhenyouhaveastrongpublictransportsysteminmovingpeople

betweenpopulationhubs,thelastmile-thatsectionbetweentherailwaystationandsomeone's

home,forexample-canleadtocaruseifit'sconsideredtoofarortoodangeroustowalk.

Theideaofalow-trafficneighbourhood(LTN)-wherecarsarebannedfromquieter4ratruns'

(偏僻小路)tokeepthemonthemajorroutes-hastakenoffinpartsoftheUK.LTNsattemptto

filteroutcarsfromresidentialstreetsusingbollards,camera-controlledgatesorevenplantersfullof

flowersplacedacrosstheroad,whilepedestrians,cyclistsandemergencyvehiclescanstillpass.

AnalysisfbrtheactivetransportcharitySustransfoundthat"drivingamileonaminorurban

roadistwiceaslikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildpedestrian,andthreetimesmorelikelytokill

orseriouslyinjureachildcyclist,comparedtodrivingamileonanurbanA-road,“andthatheavy

cartrafficinresidentialareascanleadtoariseinsocialisolation.LTNsreducethisdanger,leading

toathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocal

businesses.

Alsopopulararee-scooterhiretrials,whicharetakingplaceintownsandcitiesincluding

Middlesbrough,BristolandChelmsford.Thetrialsseegagglesofelectricscootersavailabletobe

pickedupfromstreetcomers.Thescootersarehiredusinganappandthen,oncethey'refinished

with,parkedelsewhereinsidethetrialarea,wherethey'recollectedandrechargedbythehiring

company.ADepartmentofTransportreportone-scooterusefoundtheywere“widelyperceivedto

haveenvironmentalandconveniencebenefits,butsufferedfromcomparisonstochildren'stoys.

Butthat'snotall.Theworld'sfirsthubfbrdemonstratingelectricairtaxisanddronesopened

inCoventryearlierthisyear.Thetaxisanddronesbasedatthehuballtakeoffandlandvertically

likehelicoptersandarebeingusedtotravelshortjourneysordelivercargo.

Weaningusoffourcaraddictionisoneofthemoredifficultbarriersstandingbetweenusand

healthiercities.Thefirststepthatneedstobetakenwillbetotacklethedominanceofthecar.

12.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphI?

A.Peopleareconsideredreliantoncarstotravel.

B.Publictransportsystemstillneedsimprovement.

C.Pollutionfromcarshasanimpactonpeople'slifequality.

D.Residentialareasareusuallyfarawayfromtherailwaystation.

13.WhatdoweknowabouttheideaofanLTN?

A.It'sawaytoencouragesocialinteractionandlocalbusiness.

B.It'saseriesofmeasurestoreservethestreetstowalkingresidents.

C.Ifsasystemthatemployshightechnologytokeepcarsonthemainroads.

D.It'sapracticeprovedeffectiveinkeepingchildrensafefromtrafficaccidents.

14.Whafsthestructureofthetext?

P=Paragraph

15.What'sthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tocallonreaderstoconstructahealthiercity.

B.lbpromotethelatestdevelopmentsincaralternatives.

C.TDintroducepossiblewaystogetridofdependenceoncars.

D.Toinformcitizensoftechnologicaladvancestotacklesocialproblems.

【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題o根據(jù)第一段第一句"Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprove

lifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.（為了改善城市的生活，城市必須做出的最重要

的改變之一就是將人們與汽車分開。）“可知，改善城市生活最重要的改變就是將人們與汽車

分開，可見人們出行對汽車很依賴。故選A項。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“AnalysisfortheactivetransportcharitySustransfoundthat"drivinga

mileonaminorurbanroadistwiceaslikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildpedestrian,andthree

timesmorelikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildcyclist,comparedtodrivingamileonanurban

A-road,^^andthatheavycartrafficinresidentialareascanleadtoariseinsocialisolation.LTNs

reducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethe

numberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.（積極交通慈善機構(gòu)Sustrans進行的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，“與在城

市一級道路上行駛一英里相比，在城市次要道路上行駛一英里，導(dǎo)致兒童行人死亡或嚴重受

傷的可能性是前者的兩倍，而導(dǎo)致兒童騎自行車者死亡或嚴重傷害的可能性是前者的三倍”，

居民區(qū)的汽車交通擁擠可能會導(dǎo)致社會孤立的加劇。LTN減少了這一危險，導(dǎo)致受傷人數(shù)

減少了三倍，并已表明增加了當?shù)仄髽I(yè)的游客數(shù)量。廠可知，LTN使得在次要道路上因交通

工具導(dǎo)致的兒童重傷和死亡人數(shù)減少，因此它被證實是使孩子遠離交通事故的有效措施。故

選D項。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題o根據(jù)第一段第一句"Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprove

lifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.（為了改善城市的生活，城市必須做出的最重要

的改變之一就是將人們與汽車分開。）''可知，改善城市生活最重要的改變就是將人們與汽車

分開，可見人們出行對汽車很依賴，本文旨在解決這個問題；根據(jù)第二段第一句"Theideaof

alow-trafficneighbourhood（LTN）-wherecarsarebannedfromquieter"ratruns'（偏僻小路）to

keepthemonthemajorroutes-hastakenoffinpartsoftheUK.（低交通量社區(qū)（LTN）的想法

已經(jīng)在英國部分地區(qū)流行起來。在這里，汽車被禁止在較安靜的“老鼠跑道”上行駛，以保證

它們在主干道上行駛。）“，第四段第一句"Alsopopulararee-scooterhiretrials,whicharetaking

placeintownsandcitiesincludingMiddlesbrough,BristolandChelmsford.（試行電子滑板車租賃

也很受歡迎，目前正在米德爾斯堡、布里斯托爾和切爾姆斯福德等城鎮(zhèn)進行。）”和第五段第

一二句"Butthat'snotall.Theworld'sfirsthubfordemonstratingelectricairtaxisanddrones

openedinCoventryearlierthisyear.（但這還不是全部。今年早些時候，世界上第一個演示電

動空中出租車和無人機的中心在考文垂開始營業(yè)。）“可知，二，四，五段分別提出一種措施；

根據(jù)第三段最后一句"LTNsreducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,and

havebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.（LTN減少了這一危險，

導(dǎo)致受傷人數(shù)減少了三倍，并已表明增加了當?shù)仄髽I(yè)的游客數(shù)量。）”可知，第三段延續(xù)第二

段，繼續(xù)討論LTN。因此文章結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是總分總，第一段總起介紹，第二三段討論措施一，

第四段討論措施二，第五段討論措施三，第六段總結(jié)。故選B項。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文最后一段“Weaningusoffourcaraddictionisoneofthemoredifficult

barriersstandingbetweenusandhealthiercities.Thefirststepthatneedstobetakenwillbeto

tacklethedominanceofthecar.（讓我們擺脫對汽車的依賴是我們與更健康的城市之間更困難

的障礙之一。需要采取的第一步是解決汽車的主導(dǎo)地位。）“可知，文章最后作者再次強調(diào)要

擺脫對汽車的依賴，而前文幾段也提出了三種措施，故可推測本文作者旨在介紹解除汽車依

賴的措施。故選C項。

第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

根據(jù)下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩

項為多余選項。

Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof"muscle

memory”,theresultofamotorlearning.16Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrained

musclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.

Previousresearchhasshownthatthechangesactuallypersistinthemusclesthemselves.Inone

studyofmice,theresultssuggestthatafternucleiinmusclecellsmultiplyinresponsetoanoverload

oftraining,thoseextranucleiaren'tlostduringsubsequentperiodsofinactivity.Onceyouhavegot

additionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity.17

Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoreachthe

post-traininglevel.Buthowquicklyyouregainyourformerfitnessdependsonhowfityouwere

initially,howlongthelayoffwas.howoldyouareandhowlongyou'dbeenexercising.

18Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyour

formerleveloffitness.Andtheprincipleappliestobothresistancetrainingandendurancetraining.

Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedto

doing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity.19

Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport.

20Youwillneverknowhowmuchmusclememoryyoumayhaveuntilyoustarttraining

again.

A.Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.

B.Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.

C.Thisconvincestheresearchersthatmusclememorymaynotbelonglasting.

D.Thatistosay,wecandothesportsautomaticallywithoutconsciousthought.

E.Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.

F.Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.

G.Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.

【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.E20.F

【16題詳解】

上文“Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof

“musclememory”,theresultofamotorlearning.（人們把永遠不會忘記如何騎自行車或投擲棒

球作為“肌肉記憶”的例子，這是運動機能學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果）”指出人們用舉例子的方法給“肌肉記

憶”下定義，下文“Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiod

ofdisuse.（這是一種現(xiàn)象，先前訓(xùn)練的肌肉在一段時間不用后，會獲得力量。廣是“肌肉記憶”

的定義，由此可知，空處引起下文，指出其他人對肌肉記憶的定義，B項“Physiologists,onthe

otherhand,defineitinadifferentway.（另一方面，生理學(xué)家則用不同的方式來定義它。）”指出

生物學(xué)家給“肌肉記憶”下了定義，其中“it”代指上文“musclememory”，故選B。

【17題詳解】

上文“Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity.（——旦你有了額夕卜的原子

核，你就是在儲蓄能量。戶指出有了額外的原子核，你就是在儲蓄能量，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，

指出我們應(yīng)該如何做才能挖掘出自己