湖南省長沙市岳麓區(qū)名校2022-2023學(xué)年高三年級上冊月考卷三英語試題

湖南岳麓區(qū)名校2023屆高三月考試卷（三）

英語

本試題卷分為聽力、閱讀、語言運用和寫作四個部分，共10頁。時量120分鐘。

滿分150分。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上

的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中

選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀

下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是Co

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?

A.It'samusing.B.It'sexciting.C.It'sdisappointing.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

HowwillSusanspendmostofhertimeinFrance?

A.Travelingaround.B.Studyingataschool.C.Lookingafterher

aunt.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Whydoesthemanapplyforajobasaphotographer?

A.Helivesnearby.B.Helovesphotography.C.Hehasatalentfor

art.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Hello,Mr.Smith.Thankyouforcomingintoday.Sotellme,whydoyouwanttowork

asaphotographeronournewspaper?

M:I'vebeenlivingheresinceIwasborn,soIamfamiliarwithbothyournewspaperandthelocal

area.Ihavearealpassionforphotography.Itistheartofcapturingmomentsinlife.

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inaclassroom.B.InalibraryC.Inabookstore.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

Whatisthemangoingtodo?

A.GoontheInternet.B.Makeaphonecall.C.Takeatraintrip.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C

三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每

小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

6.Howdidthemanfeelwhenheheardabouttheaccident?

A.Sad.B.Angry.C.Indifferent.

7.Whatmightcausethetrafficaccident?

A.Thecoachdriverdrankwinebeforedriving.

B.Theroadwasmadetooslipperybysomething.

C.Thecoachdriverwastootiredafteralongdrive.

【答案】6.A7.B

【解析】

【原文】M:ItissaidthattherewasaserioustrafficaccidentinthesouthofHenanProvinceon

theearlymorningofSeptember11?

W:Yes,that'sright.AcoachfromZhengzhoutoNanchangturnedupsidedown.

M:Oh,sorrytohearthat.Didanyonedieintheaccident?

W:Yes,ninepeoplediedonthespotandthreediedinthehospital.

M:That'stoobad!Didthecoachdriverdrinkwinebeforedrivingorwashetootiredafteralong

drive?

W:Neither.Theroadwasmadetooslipperybysomethingthatfelloffthelorryinfrontofthe

coach.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

8.What'stheman'sfavoritesport?

A.Climbingmountains.B.Swimming.C.Playingbasketball.

9.Whydoesthewomanseldomexercise?

A.Shewantstosleep.

B.She'sbusywithherwork.

C.Shethinksit'sunnecessary.

10.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?

A.Reduceworkload.B.Gotoagym.C.Exerciseduring

theworkinghours.

【答案】8.A9.B10.C

【解析】

［原文］W:Whatkindofsportsdoyoulike?

M:Ilikeplayingbasketballandswimming.ButIlikeclimbingmountainsbest.Whataboutyou?

W:IalwayshavelotsofworktodosoIdon'thaveenoughtimetoexercise.

M:Don'tmakeanyexcuses.Youcanalwaysfindsometimetoexerciseifyouwant.

W:ButI'mreallybusy.Iworkfortenhourseveryday,youknow.

M:Iknowyouworkhard,butit'simportanttoexercise.

W:Isee.IdofeeltiredeverynowandthenandIknowexercisecanhelpmebecomemore

energetic.ButwhatcanIdo?

M:Youcanstartwithworkingonehour,thenstandup,stretchalittlebitandwalkaround.

W:ButIamafraidIcan'tfinishmytaskswithlesstime.

M:Trustme,youwillfeelmuchbetterwithmoreexerciseandbecomemoreefficientinwork.

W:OK,Iwilltry.Thankyou.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Houseownerandrenter.B.Husbandandwife.C.Neighbors.

12.WhatisNOTmentionedintheconversation?

A.Oldclothes.B.Aphotobook.C.Atoycar.

13.Wherewillthemangonext?

A.Thegarbagecenter.B.Hisneighbor'shouse.C.Adonationcenter.

【答案】11.B12.C13.B

【解析】

［原文］M:So,whatdoyouthinkaboutthetopfloor?Ispentalllastweekinhere,cleaningupall

thespiderwebsandgettingallthisstuffputintoboxes.

W:Itlooksgreat.Thisplaceusedtobesomessy.

M:Eventually,thisisgoingtobeaplacewherethekidscancomeupandplay.

W:Goodidea.Didyoufindanythingusefulorinterestinguphere?

M:Asamatteroffact,Idid.TherewerealotofoldclothesIthinkwecangiveaway.AndIfound

this,too...

W:Oh,myoldhighschoolphotobook!Wow,Ihaven'tseenthissinceIleftforcollege.

M:Tenyears,huh?There'salotofstuffuphereIhaven/tlookedatinatleastacoupleofyears.Is

thereanythingyouwantmetodonate,orshouldIjusttakeittothegarbagecenter?

W:There/snopointinwastingit.Maybeourneighborscouldusesomeofit.

M:lzllheadovertherenow,andifIhaveanythingleftover;I'lldroptherestoffatthedonation

center.

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

14.WhatdoesthemanthinkofFlowerArranging?

A.Boring.B.Challenging.C.Practical.

15.Whydoesn'tthemanwanttotakePhotography?

A.Itlaststoolong.B.Itstartedlastweek.C.It'stooexpensive.

16.Whatcoursedothespeakersdecidetotakeintheend?

A.IndianCooking.B.WebDesignforBeginners.C.ItalianWine.

17.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowmorning?

A.Gotothecoursecentre.

B.Makeatelephonecall.

C.AttendanIndianparty.

【答案】14.A15.C16.A17.B

【解析】

【原文】W:Thereyouare,Ben.TheinformationabouttheeveningclassesIsentoffforhas

arrived.Right,herearethegeneralcourses.

M:FlowerArranging.That'sarealcourse?Whywouldsomeonewanttodothat?

W:YousitinfrontoftheTVwatchingbaseballfor3hourseverySaturdayandmanypeoplewould

findthatboringtoo.

M:OK,relax.Let'sseewhatelseisthere...

W:Photography.Thatlooksinteresting.Itstartedlastweek,butIdon'tthinkthatwouldbea

problem.

M:Butlookattheprice.$280istoomuchforme.Iwonderwhyit'ssoexpensive.Idon'tthinkI

canaffordit.But,hey,atleastit'scheaperthantheItalianWinecourse.Lookatthat-$400.Web

DesignforBeginners.It'sprettycheap.Whatdoyouthink?

W:ldon'twanttoseeacomputerintheevening.

M:Hey,look,howaboutIndianCooking?Itstartsthisweek.Alittlebitexpensive.

W:$190.YouknowhowmuchIloveIndianfood.KIIcallthemtomorrowtoseeiftherearestill

spacesavailable.M:I'dliketocallthemrightaway.

W:Therewon'tbeanyonetherenow.Wecantryinthemorning.

M:OK!Ican'twait.WecanhaveourownIndiandinnerparties!

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看］

18.WhatkindofteenagelifedidRichardleadatschool?

A.Exciting.B.Ordinary.C.Difficult.

19.WhatdidRicharddoattheageof16?

A.Hequitschool.

B.Hestartedamagazine.

C.Hesetupastudentadvisorycenter.

20.Whatbusinessdidthemail-ordercompanydo?

A.Sellinglow-pricedrecords.

B.Signingnewmusicians.

C.Providingairtravel.

【答案】18.C19.B20.A

【解析】

【原文】W:HaveyoueverflownonVirginAtlanticAirwaysorusedaVirginmobilephone?If

so,youhaveputafewmoredollarsinRichardBranson'spocket.BorninBritainin1950,Richard

isaworld-famousbusinessman.He'sbestknownforhisbravery.Heisexcitingandhasnever

beenafraidtotakearisk.Richarddidn'thaveanordinaryteenagelife.Hisdifficultywithreading

andwritingmadeschoolaconstantstruggle.However,hestartedanationalmagazinecalled

Studentwhenhewasonly16yearsold.At17,hedecidedtosetupastudentadvisorycenterto

helpotheryoungpeople.Richardstartedthenow-famousVirginbrandinthemusicindustryin

1970.Hebeganbyopeningamail-ordercompanythatsoldrecordsofdiscountprices.Twoyears

later;hebuiltarecordingstudioandtookchancesonnewmusiciansthatnootherrecording

companieswouldsign.In1992,RichardsoldVirginRecordsforonebilliondollars.Bythen,he

hadmovedintomanyotherindustries,includingpublishingandairtravel.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

TinyMemoirContest

Aswehavesince2019,we'reinvitingstudentstowriteashort,powerfulstoryabouta

meaningfulexperiencefromtheirlives,butthisyearthere'satwist:Theymustdoitin100words

orfewer.

Rules

Yourtinymemoirshouldbeatruestoryaboutameaningfulexperiencefromyourownlife.

Itmustbe100wordsorfewer;notincludingthetitle.

Youmustbeastudentaged13to19inmiddleschoolorhighschooltoparticipate,andall

studentsmusthaveguardianpermissiontoenter.

Youressaymustbeoriginalforthiscontest.

Whilemanyofourcontestsallowstudentstoworkinteams,forthisoneyoumustwork

alone.

AllentriesmustbesubmittedbyOct.12,2022,at11:59p.m.

ResourcesforTeachersandStudents

Astep-by-stepguideforwritinga100-wordnarrative:Thisguidewalksyouthroughthe

followingsteps,fromreadingexamplesof600-wordmemoirs,tobrainstormingyourown

meaningfullifemoments,towritingandeditingyourfinalpiece.

A"rehearsalspace”:Wealsohaveastudentforumwherestudentscanpracticeaheadof

submission.Wehopestudentswillusethespacetoexperimentandencourageeachother.

21.Whatisspecialaboutthisyear'swritingcontest?

A.Itsetsawordlimitforstories.B.Itrequiresaplottwistinyourstory.

C.Entriesshouldbeover100words.D.Entriesareexpectedtobepowerful.

22.Whichofthefollowingisqualifiedinparticipatinginthecontest?

A.Submittingapublishedstory.B.MailingyourentrybeforeOctober

12.

C.Workinginteams.D.Sharingyourfriend'spersonal

narrative.

23.Whatresourceisavailabletohelpyouwriteyourtinymemoir?

A.A100-wordsample.B.Thejudgingcriteria.

C.Alessonplan.D.Aforum.

【答案】21.A22.B23.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一個小型回憶錄大賽的征文啟事。

【21題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Aswehavesince2019,we'reinvitingstudentstowriteashort,

powerfulstoryaboutameaningfulexperiencefromtheirlives,butthisyearthere'satwist:They

mustdoitin100wordsorfewer.（正如我們自2019年以來所做的那樣，我們邀請學(xué)生們寫一

個簡短而有力的故事，講述他們生活中的一段有意義的經(jīng)歷，但今年有一個轉(zhuǎn)折點：他們必

須用100個詞或更少的話來完成）”可知，今年比賽的特殊之處在于：你的作品要在100詞

以內(nèi)。故選A項。

【22題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標題Rules下的最后一點“AllentriesmustbesubmittedbyOct.12,2022,

at11:59P.m.（所有參賽作品必須在2022年10月12日晚上11:59之前提交）”可知，10

月12日前上交作品是在規(guī)定的參賽時間范圍內(nèi)的。故選B項。

[23題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Wealsohaveastudentforumwherestudentscanpractice

aheadofsubmission.（我們還有一個學(xué)生論壇，學(xué)生可以在提交之前練習(xí)）”可知，有一個論

壇可以可以供學(xué)生在投稿前進行練習(xí)。故選D項。

B

Intheblue-greendepthsoftheseaoffthecoastofTuscany,Italy,anunusualseafloor

sculptureparkisdefendingitswaterysetting.

PaoloFanciullihasbeenheadingoutdailytofishinthesecoastalwatersalongthecoastline

sinceteens.Itwasinthe1980sthathebegantonoticetheclearsigns:aseabedthatwas

becomingbarren,withexhaustedfishstocks.Untilrecently,hewasforcedtosharecatcheswitha

threateningpart:illegal/zbottomtrawlers（拖網(wǎng)捕魚的whorandomlyspoilalargequantity

ofoceanlifeastheyfish,draggingaweightednetalongtheseafloorbehindtheirboats.

Fanciullizsstyleofartisanalfishingr手工捕魚），incontrast,needstobesustainableas

damagingtheecosystemcouldreducefishermen'sincome."Iftheseadies,sodoesthe

fisherman.Youcan'tjusttake;youhavetogivetoo,〃saidFanciulli.Theunderwater“Houseof

Fish"sculpturepark,whichwasstartedin2015,wasencouragedbythisfisherman'sdesiretodo

somethingthatwentbeyondthehandfulofconcreteblockshehadpreviouslyconvincedlocal

authoritiesandsomeenvironmentalgroupstodropintotheseatotryandstopillegaltrawling.

Concreteblocksorsculpturescanbreakweightedtrawlernets.Theycanalsoplayaroleas

artificialreefs,givingcoralsandothersaplacetolive,andvaryingshadeandlightingtohelp

speciesflourish.Thankstotheunderwatersculptures,somespeciesnotseeninalongwhilesuch

asgroupersandlobstershavereturned.Thesculptureparkrepresentsbothanartisticstatement

andaphysicalbarriertoseafloortrawling.

Today,39huge,other-worldlystonesculpturesdottheseabedalongastretchofTuscan

coastlinenearthetownofTalamone.Theseartworksarealreadycoatedwithalgae（海藻），asign

thatthenaturalhabitatiscomingbacktolife.Intheimmediatefuture,Fanciullihopesto

continuehisbeautifulsolutionincoastalwaters.Z/Manisstilldestroyingtheseas,“hesays."And

mymissioncontinues.w

24.Howdoillegalbottomtrawlersthreatentheocean?

A.Byharmingmassivesealifeatwill.

B.Byhookinggreatquantitiesoffish.

C.Bycoveringtheseafloorwithanet.

D.Bycompetingwithartisanalfishers.

25.WhydidFanciulliwanttobuildtheunderwatersculpturepark?

A.Toconvincelocalauthorities.

B.Tomaintaintheecosystemofthesea.

C.Tosavethemarinelifefromextinction.

D.Toboostthedevelopmentoflocaltourism.

26.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Theprocessofbuildingsculptureparks.

B.Theresultsofbanningseafloortrawling.

C.Thedamagingeffectsoftrawlingonsealife.

D.Thefunctionsofsculptureparksunderthesea.

27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.FanciullihasstoppedillegaltrawlinginTuscany.

B.Abettersolutionisfoundtohandletheoceancrisis.

CTheoceanecosystemenvironmentinTuscanyisrecovering.

D.Moreunderwatersculptureswillbebuiltaroundtheworld.

【答案】24.A25.B26.D27.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在意大利托斯卡納海岸附近的海底深處，一個不同尋

常的海底雕塑公園正靜靜地守護著大海。讓我們一起來看看藝術(shù)建筑與水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是如何

合作的吧！

【24題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中"Untilrecently,hewasforcedtosharecatcheswithathreatening

part:illegal*/bottomtrawlers”,whorandomlyspoilalargequantityofoceanlifeastheyfish,

draggingaweightednetalongtheseafloorbehindtheirboats."（直到最近，他還被迫與一個

具有威脅性的部分一一非法的“海底拖網(wǎng)漁船”分享漁獲物。這些漁船在捕魚時隨意破壞了

大量海洋生物，他們在船后的海底拖著加重的漁網(wǎng)。）可知，非法海底拖網(wǎng)漁船通過隨意傷

害大量海洋生物來威脅海洋。故選A項。

【25題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Fanciulli'sstyleofartisanalfishing（手工捕魚）,incontrast,needsto

besustainableasdamagingtheecosystemcouldreducefishermen'sincome."（相比之下,

Fanciulli的手工捕魚方式需要可持續(xù)，因為破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可能會減少漁民的收入。）以及“The

underwater“HouseofFish“sculpturepark,whichwasstartedin2015,wasencouragedbythis

fisherman'sdesiretodosomethingthatwentbeyondthehandfulofconcreteblockshehad

previouslyconvincedlocalauthoritiesandsomeenvironmentalgroupstodropintotheseatotry

andstop川egaltrawling."（“魚之家”水下雕塑公園于2015年啟動，受到這位漁民的鼓勵，

他希望做一些事情，而不僅僅是他之前說服當(dāng)?shù)卣鸵恍┉h(huán)保組織投進海里試圖阻止非法

拖網(wǎng)捕魚的幾塊混凝土積木。）可知，當(dāng)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)遭到破壞時，F(xiàn)anciulli這種手工捕魚

的工作也會受到影響，因此他曾說服當(dāng)?shù)卣鸵恍┉h(huán)保組織將少量混凝土塊扔進海里，試

圖阻止非法拖網(wǎng)捕撈，并且還想做出更多的嘗試，于是在2015年的時候水下“魚之家”雕

塑公園建成了。這些行為都是為了保護海洋的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B項。

[26題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中的"Concreteblocksorsculpturescanbreakweightedtrawlernets.

Theycanalsoplayaroleasartificialreefs,givingcoralsandothersaplacetolive,andvarying

shadeandlightingtohelpspeciesflourish.Thankstotheunderwatersculptures,somespecies

notseeninalongwhilesuchasgroupersandlobstershavereturned.n昆凝土塊或雕塑可以打

破加重的拖網(wǎng)。它們還可以扮演人工珊瑚礁的角色，為珊瑚和其他生物提供生存的地方，并

提供不同的陰影和照明，幫助物種繁榮發(fā)展。多虧了這些水下雕塑，一些許久未見的物種，

如石斑魚和龍蝦，又回來了。）可知，海底雕塑不僅可以破壞拖網(wǎng)捕撈的網(wǎng)，還可以充當(dāng)人

工魚礁，為珊瑚等海洋生物提供棲息地，促進物種的繁衍生息。因此推斷本段主要介紹雕塑

公園在水下發(fā)揮的作用。故選D項。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Theseartworksarealreadycoatedwithalgae（海藻），asign

thatthenaturalhabitatiscomingbacktolife."（這些藝術(shù)品已經(jīng)被藻類覆蓋，這是自然棲息

地正在恢復(fù)生機的標志。）故可推知，從最后一段可以推斷出托斯卡納的海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境正在

恢復(fù)。故選C項。

C

ItisadebatethathasdividedItaly-andthesocialmedia-rightinthemiddle.Theadviceby

oneofItaly'stoprankingphysiciststosavegasbyturningitoffwhencookingpasta（意大禾（j面）

hasbroughtaboutangerandprotestfrompastaloversandchefsalike.

Inavideosharedtosocialmedia,GiorgioParisi,whowonthe2021NobelPrizeinPhysicsfor

hisgroundbreakingcontributionsinquantum（量子）theory,recentlyrecommendedthatItalians

addpastatoapanofboilingwater,bringittotheboil,waittwominutes,putalidon,andthen

shutoffthegas.

Parisisuggestedthat“atleasteightminutesofenergyconsumption“issavedbyusingthis

method."Themostimportantthingistokeepthelidon,“headded.Z/Alotofheatislostthrough

evaporation（蒸發(fā)）.Shortlyafterboilingthepasta,turnoffthegas,sothatitboilsverylittle

withoutconsumingenergy.

WhatfollowednextwaswidespreadoutrageinItaly.ManyItalians,whotaketheirpasta

seriously,expresseddisbeliefthatsomeone-evenifthatisaremarkableNobelwinner-woulddare

suggestsomethingasstrangeaboutabelovednationaldish.

Manychefsjoinedthvchorus,stronglycontestingthetheory.LocalItalianpressquoted

multiplepastamakers,chefsandcookingexpertsassayingthatpastacookedbyturningtheheat

offoncethewaterisbroughttotheboilwouldturnitstickyandrubbery.Italy'snotedchefLuigi

Pomatawasquotedbymediaassaying:/zltwouldbeadisaster.Let'sleavecookingtochefswhile

physicistsdoexperimentsintheirlab.H

Mostrestaurantsalsotalkedback,contradictingthepossibility,withthecommonconcern

beingthatParisi'ssuggestionwouldcompromisetheflavourofpasta—aproductfirmlyrootedin

Italianculture.Spaghetti,Macaroni,Bowties,PenneandZitiaresomeofthemorepopularpasta

varietiesglobally.

28.WhatdidParisisuggestItaliansdoingtosaveenergyastheycookpasta?

A.Removingthelidintime.B.Boilingthewateronlyonce.

C.Switchingoffgasinadvance.D.Speedinguptheevaporation.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“joinedthechorus“inparagraph5mean?

A.Enteredthecompetition.B.Ignoredthewarning.

C.Performedthesymphony.D.Voicedthesameopinion.

30.WhydidrestaurantsopposeParisi'sidea?

A.Theythoughtitwasstrangetodoso.

B.Theyfeareditwouldaffectthetasteofpasta.

C.Theyhopedtokeeptraditionalvarietiesofpasta.

D.Theydidn'twanttochangetheirwayofcooking.

31.Whatisthetext?

A.Acookingrecipe.B.Anewsreport.

C.Ascienceresearch.D.Anadvertisement.

【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了近日，意大利德高望重的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎得主帕里

西(GiorgioParisi)意外卷入輿論場，起因是他在社交媒體中分享自己對于節(jié)能的小技巧，呼吁

意大利民眾利用水燒開后的余溫來煮意大利面，最大程度地減少燃氣的使用。

【28題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inavideosharedtosocialmedia,GiorgioParisi,whowonthe2021

NobelPrizeinPhysicsforhisgroundbreakingcontributionsinquantumtheory,recently

recommendedthatItaliansaddpastatoapanofboilingwater,bringittotheboil,waittwo

minutes,putalidon,andthenshutoffthegas."（在社交媒體上分享的一段視頻中，因在量

子理論方面的開創(chuàng)性貢獻而獲得2021年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎的喬治?帕里西(GiorgioParisi)最近

建議意大利人在一鍋沸水中加入意大利面，煮沸，等待兩分鐘，蓋上蓋子，然后關(guān)閉煤氣。)

可知，帕里西建設(shè)意大利人在煮意大利面時通過提前關(guān)掉煤氣來節(jié)約能源。故選C項。

(29題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“TheadvicebyoneofItaly'stoprankingphysiciststosavegasby

turningitoffwhencookingpasta（意大利面）hasbroughtaboutangerandprotestfrompasta

loversandchefsalike."（意大利一位頂級物理學(xué)家建議煮意大利面時關(guān)掉煤氣以節(jié)省汽油，

這一建議引起了意大利面愛好者和廚師的憤怒和抗議。）可知，包括廚師在內(nèi)的意大利民眾

對Parisi的建議并不買賬。且第五段劃線詞后緊跟著的伴隨狀語“stronglycontestingthe

theory”也說明廚師和意大利民眾觀點一致，反對這一建議。因此D選項“Voicedthesame

opinion"與劃線詞在意思上更為接近，且chorus這個詞本身也有“異口同聲（表示批評、反

對或贊揚）”的意思。故選D項。

【30題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Mostrestaurantsalsotalkedback,contradictingthe

possibility,withthecommonconcernbeingthatParisi'ssuggestionwouldcompromisethe

flavourofpasta—aproductfirmlyrootedinItalianculture."（大多數(shù)餐館也反駁了這種可能

性，他們普遍擔(dān)心帕里西的建議會損害意大利面的味道，而意大利面是一種根植于意大利文

化的產(chǎn)品。）可知，餐廳反駁帕里西的主要原因是他們認為這樣做會影響傳統(tǒng)意大利面的口

感。故選B項。

[33題詳解】

推理判斷題。文章首段介紹意大利諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎得主帕里西有關(guān)煮意大利面的建議引起了

輿論風(fēng)波，隨后具體解釋了帕里西的建議，以及意大利民眾、廚師、餐廳等對他這一建議的

態(tài)度，符合新聞報道的倒金字塔結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B項。

D

Humanlanguageismadepossiblebyanimpressivegiftforvocallearning.Mostanimals

cannotlearntoimitatesoundsatall.Thoughsomespeciescanlearnhowtousenaturalsounds

innewways,theydon'tshowasimilarabilitytolearnnewcalls.Amongallnonhumanvocal

learnersacrossthebranchesoflife,themostimpressivearebirds.

"\wouldn'tsaytheyhavelanguageinthewaylinguisticexpertsdefineit,"saysthe

neuroscientistErichJarvis.zzButIwouldsaytheyhaveaprimitiveformofwhatwemightcall

spokenlanguage.w

Birdsongappearstohavealotincommonwithhumanspeech,suchasconveying

informationintentionallyandusingsimpleformsofsomeoftheelementsofhumanlanguage.

Onekeyelementofhumanlanguageissemantics,theconnectionofwordswithmeanings.Over

thepastfourdecades,numerousstudieshaveshownthatmanybirdspeciesusedifferentalarm

callsfordifferentattackers.Recentstudiessuggestthattheorderofsomebirds'callsmayimpact

theirmeaning.Thiscouldrepresentaprimaryformoftherulesgoverningtheorderand

combinationofwordsandelementsinhumanlanguageknownassyntax,asillustratedbythe

classic"dogbitesman"vs"manbitesdog“example.

Andtheparallelsrundeeper;includingsimilarbrainstructuresthatarenotsharedby

specieswithoutvocallearning.Jarvisandhisteamhavetriedtocomparethebrainstructuresin

songbirdsandhumans./zlthinkwehumanstendtooverestimatehowdifferentweare,"hesays.

Whathashappenedisthathumansandsongbirdshaveevolvedanewforebraincircuitfor

learnedsoundsthathastakencontrolofthebrainstemcircuitfornaturalsounds.Z/Thereisan

assumptionthatspeciesmorecloselyrelatedtous(e.g.monkeys)aregoingtobemostlikeus.

Andthatistrueformanyfeatures,nhesays."But,asyousee,thisisnottrueforeveryfeature.w

Withallthesesimilaritiesinmind,it'sreasonabletoaskifbirdsthemselveshavelanguage.It

maycomedowntohowyoudefineit.Butanyway,whenthestoryoftheevolutionoflanguageis

finallycomplete,bepreparedtothankthebirds.

32.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?

A.Toshowdifferentcapacitiesforimitatingsounds.

B.Toillustratethemajorfeaturesofvocallearning.

C.Toimplytheuniquenessofbirdsasvocallearners.

D.Toexplaintheoriginofspeciesdifferences.

33.Whatcanwelearnaboutbirdsongfromthethirdparagraph?

A.Itissuperiortohumanlanguage.

B.Itlacksmeaningfulorderofcalls.

C.Ithasevolvedfromhumanspeech.

D.Itshowscertaingrammaticalfeatures.

34.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.Evolvedbraincircuitpavesthewayforvocallearning.

B.Humanspossessbiologicaluniquenessinvocallearning.

C.Closelyrelatedspeciesarelesslikelytoshareparallels.

D.Circuitfornaturalsoundsdisablesnewcalllearning.

35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BirdBrainsSuggestHowVocalLearningEvolved

B.BirdsAreStretchingtheBoundariesofLanguage

C.HumanSpeechandBirdsongShareBiologicalRoots

D.HumanSpeechCouldHaveEvolvedfromBirdsong

【答案】32.C33.D34.A35.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章從有意信息傳遞、語義和句法、大腦特定部位結(jié)構(gòu)等方面

將鳥鳴和人類語言進行了比較，最后得出結(jié)論：鳥鳴是否屬于語言，取決于人類如何定義語

言。但無論如何，對鳥類鳴唱的研究在一定程度上增進了人類對于語言進化的理解。

【32題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Humanlanguageismadepossiblebyanimpressivegiftforvocal

learning.Mostanimalscannotlearntoimitatesoundsatall.Thoughsomespeciescanlearnhow

tousenaturalsoundsinnewways,theydon'tshowasimilarabilitytolearnnewcalls.Amongall

nonhumanvocallearnersacrossthebranchesoflife,themostimpressivearebirds.”（人類i吾言

之所以成為可能，是因為有一種令人印象深刻的學(xué)習(xí)聲音的天賦。大多數(shù)動物根本學(xué)不會模

仿聲音。雖然一些物種可以學(xué)習(xí)如何以新的方式使用自然聲音，但它們并沒有表現(xiàn)出類似的

學(xué)習(xí)新叫聲的能力。在所有非人類的發(fā)聲學(xué)習(xí)者中，最令人印象深刻的是鳥類。）可知，人

類因可以進行語音學(xué)習(xí)（vocallearning）而獨特。而像人類一樣具有這種能力的物種也有，但

鳥類是這些物種中最突出的。因此，本段行文循序漸進，是為了引出鳥類與其他物種相比，

在語音學(xué)習(xí)方面最具獨特性這一觀點。故選C項。

【33題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Birdsongappearstohavealotincommonwithhumanspeech,such

asconveyinginformationintentionallyandusingsimpleformsofsomeoftheelementsofhuman

language.Onekeyelementofhumanlanguageissemantics,theconnectionofwordswith

meanings.Overthepastfourdecades,numerousstudieshaveshownthatmanybirdspeciesuse

differentalarmcallsfordifferentattackers.Recentstudiessuggestthattheorderofsomebirds/

callsmayimpacttheirmeaning.Thiscouldrepresentaprimaryformoftherulesgoverningthe

orderandcombinationofwordsandelementsinhumanlanguageknownassyntax,asillustrated

bytheclassic/zdogbitesman"vs"manbitesdog"example.,,（鳥鳴似乎與人類語言有很多共同

之處，比如有意地傳達信息，使用人類語言中一些元素的簡單形式。人類語言的一個關(guān)鍵因

素是語義，即單詞與意義的聯(lián)系。在過去的四十年里，大量的研究表明，許多鳥類對不同的

攻擊者使用不同的警報。最近的研究表明，一些鳥類叫聲的順序可能會影響它們的意思。這

可能代表了一種主要形式的規(guī)則，即控制人類語言中單詞和元素的順序和組合，即語法，如

經(jīng)典的“狗咬人”和