SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座

Chapter31Subordination(I)SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第1頁Teachingcontents1.Coordinationandsubordination2.Subordinateclauses(finite)NominalclausesRelativeclausesAdverbialclauses3.SomefewnotesonadverbialclausesSubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第2頁并列和隸屬是兩種不一樣連接伎倆。eg.Therainstopped.Thesuncameout.→Therainstoppedandthesuncameout.→Whentherainstopped,thesuncameout.從句主句隸屬：把次要思想置于結(jié)構(gòu)上隸屬地位，從而突出句子主要思想。1.CoordinationandsubordinationSubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第3頁Subordinators隸屬連詞Subordinateclausesaregenerallyintroducedbysubordinators,which,intermsofwordformation構(gòu)詞法,canbeclassifiedinto.simplesubordinators,簡單隸屬連詞complexsubordinators,復雜隸屬連詞correlativesubordinators,關(guān)聯(lián)隸屬連詞marginalsubordinators.邊際隸屬連詞SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第4頁afteralthoughbecausebeforedirectlyforifimmediatelylestlikesincethatthoughtillunlessuntilwhen(ever)where(ver)whereuponwhilewhilst,etcAlsoknownasone-wordsubordinatorsSimplesubordinator簡單隸屬連詞SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第5頁Alsoknownas“multi-wordsubordinators”Someoftheseendin“that”assumingthatbutthatconsidering(that)except(that)excepting(that)forall(that)given(that)granted(that)granting(that)inthatinorderthatinsofarthatintheeventthatnow(that)provided(that)providing(that)savethatseeing(that)so(that)suchthatsupposing(that)Complexsubordinators復雜隸屬連詞SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第6頁Complexsubordinators復雜隸屬連詞Someoftheseendin“as”accordingasasfarasaslongasassoonasforasmuchasinasmuchasinsofarasinsomuchasOthersinclude:asifincaseasthoughSubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第7頁Correlativesubordinators關(guān)聯(lián)隸屬連詞Subordinatorsofthisgrouparecomposedoftwocorrelativewordsas…asas…sonotso…assuch…asthe…the,etcbarely/hardly/scarcely…whenmore/(-er)/less…thannosooner…thanwhether…orSubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第8頁Marginalsubordinators邊際隸屬連詞

freelexicalcombinations. Thisgroupissometimeshardtodistinguishfromcomplexsubordinators.evenififonlyjustasonlyifeverytime(that)theinstant(that)themoment(that)duetothefactthatinthesensethatforthereasonthatbyreasonthatforfear(that)inspiteofthefactthatinthelightofthefactthatonaccountofthefactthatonthegroundsthatregardlessofthefactthatSubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第9頁2.Subordinateclauses(finite)

限定隸屬從句Structurally,subordinateclausesmaybefinite,non-finite,orverbless.Afinitesubordinateclauseisonewhosepredicatorisafiniteverbphrase.Nominalclauses(名詞性分句，主/賓/補/同位)Relativeclauses(關(guān)系分句，定語從句)Adverbialclauses(狀語分句，狀語)SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第10頁Nominalclauses名詞性分句Alsoknownas“nounclauses”ItcanperformmostfunctionsofNPsUsuallyintroducedby“that”orbyawh-wordsuchaswho,what,which,where,when,how,why,etc.Nominalclausescanfunctionas

subject,object,subjectcomplement,appositive(同位語),andprepositionalcomplementation(介詞補語)SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第11頁Nominalclauses名詞性分句Itisquiteclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.Ican’timagine

whatmadehimbehavelikethat.Themysteryiswhetherheeverwentthereatall.

Myoriginalquestion,whyhediditatall,hasnotyetbeenanswered.Youmustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongs.

(subject)(object)(subjectcomplement)(appositive)(prepositionalphrase)SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第12頁主語從句thesubjectclause你所說話是正確。Whatyousaidisquitetrue.我們在什么地方做這個試驗還在討論。Whereweshalldothetestisstillunderdiscussion.大家對他怎樣完成這項工作都很感興趣。Howhemanagedtofinishthejobisofinteresttousall.為何早晨太陽看上去比中午太陽大，這事很有趣。Whythesuninthemorninglooksbiggerthanthesunatnoonisveryinteresting.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第13頁FixedPatternsofSubjectClauseSubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第14頁FixedPatternsofSubjectClauseSubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第15頁FixedPatternsofSubjectClauseSubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第16頁表語從句thepredicativeclause這就是她昨天請假原因。Thatiswhyshehadaday-offyesterday.問題在于我們能不能在明天晚上以前完成這項工作。Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishourworkbytomorrowevening.看起來天要下雪。Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.事物并不總是如其表象。Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第17頁賓語從句theobjectclause我知道他很友好而且好客。Iknowthatheisfriendlyandhospitable.我問他是否確信知道自己在做什么？Iaskedhimifheissurewhatheisdoing?歷史語言學家研究語言是怎樣伴隨時間推移而發(fā)展。Historicallinguistsstudyhowlanguagesevolveovertime.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第18頁賓語從句theobjectclauseSubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第19頁同位語從句theappositiveclause簽署了協(xié)議這件事本身很主要。Thefact

thatthecontractwassignedwasimportant.我不相信他殺了他女兒謠言。Idon’tbelievetherumor

thathehaskilledhisdaughter.我們聽到我們中國運動員贏得了許多金牌消息非常激動。Wewereveryexcitedatthenews

thatourChineseathleteswonmanygoldmedals.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第20頁同位語從句theappositiveclause

or定語從句theobjectclause對約翰昨天告訴消息我倆都不感興趣。NeitherofusshowedanyinterestinthenewsthatJohntoldusyesterday.聽到暑假將要在大連度過消息，我們非常高興。WearedelightedatthenewsthatwearegoingtospendoursummervacationinDalian.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第21頁狀語從句Adverbialclauses1.時間狀語從句；(adverbialclauseoftime)2.地點狀語從句；(adverbialclauseofplace)3.原因狀語從句；(adverbialclauseofcause)4.條件狀語從句；(adverbialclauseofcondition)5.讓步狀語從句；(adverbialclauseofconcession)6.目標狀語從句；(adverbialclauseofpurpose)7.結(jié)果狀語從句。(adverbialclauseofresult)8.方式狀語從句；(adverbialclauseofmanner)SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第22頁1.時間狀語從句

(adverbialclauseoftime)

notuntil,assoonas,themoment(that)等我做完作業(yè)我才和你一起去。Iwon’tgowithyouuntil

Ifinishmyhomework.我們一到家，電話就響了。Assoonaswegothome,thetelephonerang.我一看見她就立刻認出她來了。IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.她一來到我就要見她。Iwanttoseeherthemomentthatshearrives.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第23頁1.時間狀語從句

(adverbialclauseoftime)

directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when老師一進來，大家就靜了下來。Directlytheteachercameineveryonewasquiet.他剛到機場，飛機就起飛了。Hardlyhadhereachedtheairportwhentheplanetookoff.這些話剛一出口，他就意識到自己原來應該保持緘默。Nosoonerhadthewordsbeenspokenthanherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第24頁2.地點狀語從句

(adverbialclauseofplace)Where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere有志者事竟成。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.這些天你能夠去你想去地方。Youcangowhereveryoulikethesedays.他們每到一處，都受到熱烈歡迎。Everywheretheywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.你喜歡哪兒我就帶你去哪兒。I’lltakeyouanywhereyoulike.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第25頁3.原因狀語從句；(adverbialclauseofcause)

nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat你駕駛考試既已及格，就能夠獨自開車了。Nowthatyou’vepassedyourtest,youcandriveonyourown.因為天氣不好，我們要呆在家里了。Seeingthattheweatherisbad,we’llstayathome.考慮到他只學了一年，他英文講得相當不錯了。Consideringthathe’sonlybeenlearningEnglishayear,hespeaksitverywell.廣告不一樣于其它交際形式，因為登廣告人要為其所提供信息付費。Advertisementisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthat

the

advertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第26頁4.條件狀語從句

(adverbialclauseofcondition)假如我能存下足夠錢，我就買臺計算機。I’llbuyacomputerifIamabletosaveupenoughmoney.除非天氣不好，我父親晚上總是去散步。Unlesstheweatherwasbad,myfatheralwaysusedtotakeawalkintheevening.假如你有一百萬英鎊---你怎么花呢？Supposeyouhadamillionpounds–howwouldyouspendit?假如你為我負擔費用，我就同意去。Iwillagreetogoprovidingthatmyexpensesarepaid.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第27頁5.讓步狀語從句；

(adverbialclauseofconcession)他們即使沒有得到官方支持，但仍繼續(xù)奮斗。Thoughtheylackofficialsupport,theycontinuetheirstruggle.即使我再次失敗，我也絕不會放棄試驗。EvenifIfailedagain,Iwillnotgiveuptheexperiment.盡管她有時很惱人，但我還是喜歡她。Ilikehereventhoughshecanbeannoying.SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第28頁5.讓步狀語從句；

(adverbialclauseofconcession)SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第29頁5.讓步狀語從句；

(adverbialclauseofconcession)SubordinationI語法教程章振邦上外專家講座第30頁6.目標