高中英語一輪課件第一部分必修二Computers

匯報人：XX高中英語一輪課件第一部分必修二Computers20XX-02-06目錄HistoryandBasicConceptsofComputerDevelopmentFundamentalsofComputerNetworksIntroductiontoComputerOperatingSystemTrainingofOfficeSoftwareApplicationSkills目錄CultivationofInformationSecurityAwarenessandPreventiveMeasuresPredictionofFutureDevelopmentTrendsofComputers01HistoryandBasicConceptsofComputerDevelopmentChapterEarlyComputingDevices:Beforetheincidentofmoderncomputers,peopleusedvariousmechanicalandelectricaldevicesforcalculation,suchastheabacusandsliderulesFirstGenerationofComputers(1940-1956):Thesewerecharacterizedbyvacuumtubesasthemaincomputingelement,magneticdrumsformemory,andlowlevelprogramminglanguagesTheywerelarge,expensive,andpronetoovereatingSecondGenerationofComputers(1956-1963):Transformersreplacedvacuumtubes,makingcomputerssmaller,faster,andmorereliableHigherlevelprogramminglanguagesalsoemergedduringthisperiodThirdGenerationofComputers(1964-1971):Integratedcircuits(ICs)wereintroduced,furtherminiaturizingcomputercomponentsandincreasingprocessingspeedThiseraalsosawthedevelopmentofoperatingsystemsandtimesharingsystemsTheOriginandDevelopmentStageofComputersCentralProcessingUnit(CPU):Thebrainofthecomputer,responsibleforexecutinginstructionsandperformingcalculationsStorageDevices:Permanentstoragefordataandprograms,suchasharddrives,solidstatedrives(SSDs),andopticaldrivesInput/OutputDevices:Allowuserstocontactwiththecomputer,includingkeyboards,mice,monitors,printers,andmoreMemory:StoresdataandinstructionstemporarilyforquickaccessbytheCPUTypesofmemoryincludeRAM(randomaccessmemory)andROM(readonlymemory)HardwareequipmentcompositionandfunctionsSystemSoftware:Managethecomputer'shardwareandprovideaplatformforapplicationsoftwareExamplesincludeoperatingsystems,devicedrivers,andutilitiesProgrammingLanguagesandTools:UsedbydeveloperstocreatesoftwareapplicationsCommonprogramminglanguagesincludeJava,Python,andCEmbeddedSystems:Specializedsoftwareandhardwarecombinationsfoundindeviceslikesmartphones,cars,andhomeappliancesApplicationSoftware:Designedtoperformspecifictasksforusers,suchaswordprocessing,spreadsheets,databases,andwebbrowsersSoftwareResourceClassificationandApplicationFieldsInformationprocessingprocessandprinciplesDataInputConvertingrawdataintoaformatthatcanbeprocessedbythecomputer,typicallythroughinputdeviceslikekeyboardsorscannersProcessingManipulatingandtransformingthedatausingtheCPUandsoftwareapplicationstoproducemeaningfulresultsStorageSavingtheprocesseddataforfutureuse,bothtemporarilyinmemoryorpermanentlyonstoragedevicesOutputPresentingtheprocesseddatatousersinareadableformat,suchasthroughmonitors,printers,orspeakers02FundamentalsofComputerNetworksChapterTheInternetisagloballyinterconnectednetworkofcomputernetworksthatusestheInternetProtocolSuite(TCP/IP)tocommunicateTheInternetisdecentralized,meaningithasnocentralgoverningbody,andanyonewiththenecessaryequipmentandconnectioncanparticipateItallowsinformationtobesharedandcommunicatedacrosstheworld,facilitatingawiderangeofservicessuchasemail,onlinechat,filetransfer,andtheWorldWideWebInternetconceptandcharacteristicsLocalAreaNetwork(LAN)01Anetworkthatconnectscomputersanddeviceswithinalimitedgeographicarea,suchasahome,school,orofficebuildingWideAreaNetwork(WAN)02Anetworkthatcoversabroadarea,oftenencompassingmultipleLANsandusinghighspeedtransmissiontechnologiestoconnectthemMetropolitanAreaNetwork(MAN)03AnetworkthatconnectscomputersanddeviceswithinaMetropolitanarea,largerthanaLANbutsmallerthanaWANIntroductiontoLAN,WAN,andMANTheTCP/IPmodelisasimplifiedversionoftheOSImodel,consistentoffourlayers:Application,Transport,Internet,andNetworkInterfaceProtocolaresetsofrulesthatgovernhowdevicesonanetworkcommunicatewitheachotherTheOSI(OpenSystemsInterconnection)modelisaconceptualframeworkthatcharacterizesandstandardizesthecommunicationfunctionsofatelecommunicationsorcomputingsystemwithoutregardtotheirunderlyinginternalstructureandtechnologyNetworkprotocolsandhierarchicalmodelsRoutersDevicesthatforwarddatapacketsbetweencomputernetworks,creatinganoverlayinternetDevicesthatconnectdevicesonacomputernetworkbyusingpacketswitchingtoreceiveandforwarddatatothedestinationdeviceDevicesthatcontainmultipleports,allowingmultipledevicestobeconnectedtoasinglenetwork,makingitactasasinglenetworksegmentNetworksecuritysystemsthatmonitorandcontrolincomingandoutgoingnetworktrafficbasedonpre-determinedsecurityrulesSwitchesHubsFirewallsIntroductiontoCommonNetworkDeviceFunctions03IntroductiontoComputerOperatingSystemChapterAnoperatingsystemisasystemsoftwarethatmanagescomputerhardwareandsoftwareresources,andprovidescommonservicesforcomputerprogramsDefinitionTheoperatingsystemmainlyfunctionsinmanagingcomputermemory,handlinginputandoutputdevices,providingsystemsecurityFunctionality04TrainingofOfficeSoftwareApplicationSkillsChapterIntroductiontoWordWordProcessingSoftwareFunctionsWordProcessingBasicsLearnthefundamentaloperationsofwordprocessingsoftware,includingcreating,opening,saving,andclosingdocumentsTextEditingandFormattingMasterskillsineditingandformattingtext,suchasfontstyle,size,color,alignment,andindentationInsertingImagesandTablesLearnhowtoinsertandeditimages,tables,andotherobjectstoenhancethevisualappearanceofdocumentsAdvancedFeaturesExploreadvancedfeatureslikemailmerge,macros,andtemplatestoimproveefficiencyandproductivityUnderstandthefundamentalconceptsofspreadsheets,includingcells,rows,columns,andworksheetsSpreadsheetBasicsLearnhowtoenterdata,performcalculations,andusefunctionstoanalyzeandmanipulatedataDataEntryandCalculationDiscoverhowtocreatechartsandgraphstovisualizedataandcommunicatefindingseffectivelyChartandGraphCreationExploreadvancedfeatureslikepivottables,datavalidation,andconditionalformattingtoenhancespreadsheetfunctionalityAdvancedFeaturesExcelSpreadsheetMakingSkillsSharing01Learnthebasicsofcreatingandeditingpresentations,includingslidelayout,design,andformattingPresentationBasics02Masterskillsininsertionandeditingimages,videos,andaudiotoenhancepresentationsInsertingandEditingMedia03DiscoverhowtoaddanimationsandtransitionstoslidesforamoreengaginganddynamicpresentationAnimationsandTransitions04Exploreadvancedfeatureslikeslidemasters,customshows,andpresenterviewtotakeyourpresentationstothenextlevelAdvancedFeaturesPowerPointpresentationeditingmethodsWordProcessingExampleDemonstratinghowtocreateaprofessionalbookingresumeusingWordProcessingsoftwareShowhowtocreateabudgetworksheetusingspreadsheetstotrackexpensesandincomePresentanexampleofabusinesspresentationcreatedusingPowerPointtoshowcaseaproductorserviceDemonstratinghowtocombinetheuseofwordprocessing,spreadsheet,andpresentationsoftwaretocreateacomprehensivereportorproposalSpreadsheetExamplePresentationExampleIntegratedApplicationExampleDemonstrationofComprehensiveApplicationExamplesofOfficeSoftware05CultivationofInformationSecurityAwarenessandPreventiveMeasuresChapterInformationsecurityreferstotheprotectionofinformationandinformationsystemsfromunauthorizedaccess,use,disclosure,disruption,modification,ordestructionItiscriticaltomaintaintheconfidence,integrity,andavailabilityofinformationassetsInformationsecurityisessentialforindividuals,organizations,andsocietyasawholetoensurethesmoothfunctioningofdailylifeandbusinessoperationsTheconceptandimportanceofinformationsecurityCommontypesofnetworkattachmentsincludeviruses,words,Trojanhorses,phishing,DDoSattachments,andmorePreventionstrategiesincludeinstallingantivirussoftware,updatingsecuritypatches,usingfirewalls,andavoidingsuspiciouswebsitesoremailsRegularbackupofimportantdataandimplementingaccesscontrolscanalsohelpmitigatetheimpactofnetworkattachmentsTypesofnetworkattachmentsandpreventionstrategies01Cryptographyisthescienceofprotectinginformationbytransformingitintoasecureformatthatrequiresakeytodecrypt02Encryptiontechnologyiswidelyusedininformationsecuritytoprotectdataconfidentialityandintegrity03CommonencryptionalgorithmsincludeAES,RSA,andSHA-256,whichareusedinvariousapplicationssuchassecurecommunication,digitalsignatures,andpasswordstorageBasicknowledgeofcryptographyandapplicationofencryptiontechnologyProtectpersonalinformationbynotdisclosingsens