初三英語詞匯復(fù)習(xí)

RevisionofJuniorEnglish

初三英語詞匯復(fù)習(xí)名詞：表示人、事物、地點的名稱或者抽象概念的詞,分為專有名詞和普通名詞.專有名詞表示個別的人、事物、地點等專有的名稱。專有名詞第一個字母要大寫*Lucy*ChinatheSummer普通名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞★可數(shù)名詞表示人、事物、地點等的名稱?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式之名詞的單數(shù)形式:一般可用a來修飾*acar*abook在元音發(fā)音開頭的單詞前用an*anelephant*anapple請區(qū)別：ausefulmachine名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法(1)一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加“s”/s/or/z/*dog-dogs*book–books(2)以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加“es”/iz/*box–boxes*watch–watches(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加“es”/iz/*country–countries請區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞則只須加“s”*boy–boys(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞加“s”/z/*radio–radios*zoo–zoos只有potatotomato加“es”構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)potato–potatoestomato–tomatoes(5)以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f、fe為v再加“es”/vz/half–halves2.特殊變化復(fù)數(shù)(1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheep(2)變元音字母oo為eetooth–teethfoot–feet3.變man為men：man–menwoman–womenpoliceman–policemen請區(qū)別：German(德國人)–Germans4.其它形式child–childrenmouse–mice5.一些合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成分兩種情況(1)將中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：girlfriend-girlfriends(2)man,woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，每個名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)amandoctor–mendoctorsawomanteacher–womenteachers6.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞peopleclothespolicetrousers這些名詞作主語時，注意它們的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)*Myclothesarenewerthanyours.Thepoliceoftencomehere7.可用howmany，many，afew，few，any，lotsof,some，alotof等修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)*Thereareafewpeopleinthepark.*Howmanyknivesarethereinyourpencil-box?★不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞屬于不可數(shù)名詞如:water，rice，fish，meat等。特別記?。簑orkchalktimespacemusicmoneyweathercottonhomeworkwoodinformationnewsmedicine1.不可數(shù)名詞無復(fù)數(shù)，作主語時?？闯蓡螖?shù)*Somebreadisoverthere.*Nonewsisgoodnews.2.常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,alotof,some,any等來修飾不可數(shù)名詞*Theyhadmuchmoney.*Hedoeslittlehouseworkathome3.常用apieceof,acupof,aglassof,abottleof等來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量,單復(fù)數(shù)表現(xiàn)在of前面的名詞上，而of后始終是單數(shù)*Thereisapieceofpaperinthebook.*Threeglassesoforangeareonthedesk.注意：可數(shù)名詞也可用量來表示，of后用復(fù)數(shù)*Therearetwobagsofclothesoverthere.*Wehavefiveboxesofapples.4.有些可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞在一定情況下可相互轉(zhuǎn)化，同一個詞，但意思不同glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)room(空間)–aroom(房間)paper(紙)–apaper(報紙)work(工作)–awork(著作)fruit(水果)–fruits(各種水果)fish(魚)–fishes(各種魚)hair(所有頭發(fā))–hairs(幾根頭發(fā))time(時間)–times(時代)名詞的一般用法★名詞做定語1.修飾另一名詞時,一般用單數(shù)*Hehastwopencil-boxes.*Therearethreebananatreesoverthere.2.manwoman用做定語時,應(yīng)與后面的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致*Weneedamanteacher.*Theyareallwomenworkers.3.sports,clothes做定語時,仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式*asportsfield*aclothesshop4.當(dāng)數(shù)詞與單位名詞一起做定語時，單位名詞往往用單數(shù)形式,數(shù)詞與單位名詞用“-”連接。*Heisafourteen-year-oldboy.*Thisisatwo-hourplan.★名詞做主語時,應(yīng)注意名詞的數(shù)，避免主謂不一致。Herfamilyisalargeoneandherfamilyareallteachers.她家是一個大家庭,她的家人都是老師。*Thereisapairofglassesonthedesk.名詞所有格表示名詞間的所有關(guān)系“…的”一.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法1.單數(shù)名詞后加“’s”*Tom’sbook*myfriend’suncle2.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則在s后加“’”即可*Teachers’Day*twoweeks’holiday3.不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,仍按慣例加“’s”*Children’sDay*men’sshoes4.用of加名詞，構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系的短語，主要用于表示無生命名詞的所有關(guān)系*thecolorofthewall*apictureoftheclassroom二.名詞所有格的幾個注意點1.可用名詞所有格表示地點,地點名詞習(xí)慣上省略*myaunt’s(home）(我姑姑家）*gototheteachers’(office）(去老師辦公室）2.有些名詞的所有格可用兩種形式*thecat’sname/thenameofthecat*China’scapital/thecapitalofChina3.表示兩人共同擁有,在最后一個名詞后加“’s”*LucyandLily’sroom露西和莉莉的房間（兩人共有一間房間）請區(qū)別:Lucy’sandLily’srooms露西的房間和莉莉的房間(兩人各有一間房間）5)有些不可數(shù)名詞要表示“一種”、“一場”、“一堆”時，須加不定冠詞*aheavysnow*astrongwind*makeafire*haveagoodtime6)用于固定詞組*halfanhour*amomentago*alotof*havearest*alittle冠詞：虛詞，本身無獨立的意義，它用來幫助說明名詞所指的人或物是泛指還是特指不定冠詞a,an（泛指）定冠詞the（特指）1.不定冠詞的用法1)表示某人(事物)的某一種類*Myfatherisadriver.*Doyoulikeanappleorapear?2)表示某一事物中的任何一個*Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.*Amonkeycanclimbtrees.3)表示某人某物,但不具體說明何人何物。*AstudentfromClassTworunsfastest.*Amaniscallingnow.4)表示數(shù)量，有“一”的含義*Thereisaflowerinthevase.*Apandahasamouth,anose，twoeyes.5)有些不可數(shù)名詞要表示“一種”、“一場”、“一堆”時，須加不定冠詞*aheavysnow*astrongwind*makeafire*haveagoodtime6)用于固定詞組*halfanhour*amomentago*alotof*havearest*alittleafew2.定冠詞的用法1)指上文提到過的人或物,用定冠詞the2)世界上獨一無二的事物前用定冠詞the*thesun*themoon*theearth3)定冠詞the用于序數(shù)詞前或表示方位的名詞前和形容詞最高級前*thefirst*thebest*inthesouth4)樂器名稱前用定冠詞the*playthepiano*playtheviolin5)在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，?？闯蓮?fù)數(shù)*TheBrownsaregoingtoShanghaiforaholidaythissummer.=TheBrownfamilyaregoingtoShanghaiforaholidaythissummer.6)在一些形容詞前，表示一類人*therich富人*theold老人*thedeaf聾子7)在一些專有名詞和習(xí)慣用語中常用定冠詞thetheGreatWall*bytheway*inthemorning*ontheright*behindthechair3.不用冠詞1)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年、學(xué)科等詞前不用冠詞*insummer*inAugust*onSunday*studyphysics請區(qū)別：inthespringof1945(特指,加the)2)一日三餐和球類運動名詞前不用冠詞*havebreakfast*playfootball3)名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,any,each作定語,不用冠詞*Theymetherethismorning.*Eachboyhasaworkbook.4)一些專有名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、稱呼、頭銜不用冠詞China,GradeTwo,Mr.Li,Dr.,Liu,meat5）表示顏色、語種、國家前不用冠詞*inpurple*inred*Japanese*Britain6）固定詞組*gotobed*bybus*atnight*intime4.在有些詞組中,有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同★infrontof在…前面inthefrontof在…范圍內(nèi)的前部*Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.房子前面有一棵樹*Theteachers’deskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.講臺在教室的前部★inhospital(生病)住院inthehospital醫(yī)院里*He’sillinhospital.他生病住院。*Myparentsworkinthehospital.我的父母在醫(yī)院工作。ExercisesⅠ用名詞的正確形式填空1Hecuttheappleinto________(half).2The________(potato)aremine.3Howmany________(family)arethereinthistown?4Thereareten________(deer)onthefarm.5These________(German)are__________(businessman).6Lastweekwewenttothe__________(child)Park.Ⅱ改錯1.It’sahardwork.2.Wedon’thaveanyclassonSundays.3.Theroom’swindowsareverybig4Howmanymilkisthereinthebag?5.CouldIhavethreepapers,please？6.ThesetwopiecesofbreadisoverthereⅢ選擇1Ifound____goodnewsin____newspaper.A.a,aB.apieceof,apieceofC.a,pieceofD.apieceof,a2What____itistoday!A.afineweatherB.fineweatherC.fineaweatherD.thefineweather3Totheir_____,theyhaveallpassedtheexam.A.surpriseB.surprisingC.surprisesD.surprised4Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’s5Pleasemake____forhim.Heisverytired.A.anyroomB.anyroomC.someroomsD.someroom6Themodelplanewasmadebya____boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearold7Hewenttothe____tobuyapairofshoes.AshoesstoreBshoestoreCshoe’sstoreDshoes’store8Iwillgiveyou____tofinishit.Atwoweek’stimeBtwoweeks’timeCtwoweektimeDtwoweekstime9Thetwobedroomarethe____.AtwinsBtwin’sCtwins’Dtwins10ThisisanoldphotoofminewhenI____.AhaveshorthairsBhadshorthairsChaveshorthairDhadshorthair11Ithinkthecountryismuchmorebeautifulthananyother____intheworld.AcountryBcountriesCthecountryDthecountries12John’sunclehasmanyfriends.Mr.Shuteisafriendof____.AJohn’suncleBJohnuncle’sCJohn’suncle’sDJohnuncleⅣ填上適當(dāng)冠詞1Thereis________“m”in________word“mother”.2Didyouplay________basketballorplay________pianoafter_______school?3Turnrightat_______thirdcrossingon________left.4Theygotto________moonby________spaceship.5Sheis________universitystudent,shelikes________musicof________film.6Wedidn'thave_______historyyesterday,wewenttovisit________History7________Smithswentto________capitalof________Chinalastyear.8What________windydayitis!9His________bestfriendflewto________France________lastweek.10________Chinesedoctortoldhimtotake_____threetimes______dayPronouns代詞代詞的分類人稱代詞PersonalPronouns物主代詞PossessivePronouns反身代詞SelfPronouns不定代詞IndefinitePronouns指示代詞DemonstrativePronouns疑問代詞InterrogativePronouns人稱代詞PersonalPronouns主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格me youhimheritus youthem1.人稱代詞作主語時用主格，作賓語時用賓格*Theyalllikehimverymuch.他們都很喜歡他。*Shegavethebookstoyouandme.這些書是她送給你和我的。2.人稱代詞在作表語時，用賓格*Who’sknockingatthedoor?–It’sme.誰敲門？-是我。3.人稱代詞在并列使用時的順序為“第二人稱，第三人稱，第一人稱”*You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜歡音樂。4.she可以用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等*Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.我們熱愛我們的祖國,我們希望她更強大。*Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.輪船要起航了。這是她第一次去波士頓。5.it作為人稱代詞時，可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等*What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天氣怎么樣？-有風(fēng)。*It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.從家到學(xué)校的路程大約5分鐘。6.it可作為形式主語，將不定式、動名詞等構(gòu)成的主語后移，使句子顯得平穩(wěn)*It’shardtoreachtheapples.很難夠到蘋果。*It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.對你來說飯后散步是有好處物主代詞PossessivePronouns形容詞性,名詞性mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs1.形容詞性物主代詞在句中只能作定語*Mybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是個工人。*Hisparentsareveryfriendly.他的父母非常友善。2.名詞性物主代詞在句中可作表語、主語和賓語*Whosedictionaryisthis?–It’smine.這字典是誰的？-我的。*Ourroomisbigandtheirsissmall.我們的房間大，他們的房間小。*Youmayusemypen.I’llusehers.你可以用我的筆，我用他的好了。3.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的關(guān)系：形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞注意：名詞性物主代詞在句中所指代的關(guān)系是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。*Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)*Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)4.“of+名詞性物主代詞”表示所屬*Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一個妹妹是個護士。*Tomisafriendofmine我的一個朋友反身代詞SelfPronouns單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.反身代詞在句中可以作賓語、表語和同位語*Hethinksmoreofothersthanofhimself.他想到別人比想到自己更多一些。*Thatpoorboywasmyself.那個可憐的孩子就是我自己。*Hehimselfwasadoctor.他本人就是一個大夫。*Imyselfcanworktheproblemout.我能親自算出這道題2.反身代詞有以下常見搭配enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimebyoneself=alonehelponeselfto…learnsth.byoneself

=teachoneselfsth.注意：oneself有單復(fù)數(shù)之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.不定代詞IndefinitePronouns不是指明代替特定名詞（或形容詞）的代詞★all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no★由some,any,no,every等構(gòu)成的合成代詞幾組在用法上容易混淆的不定代詞1.some/any★some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中*Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.★any（一些,任何）多用于疑問句和否定句*Doyouhaveanypicture-books?注意：some有時也可用于表示請求、征求意見的疑問句中*Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉嗎？*MayIasksomequestions?我可以問問題嗎？*CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃蘋果嗎？*Willyougivemesomewater?2.many/much★many修飾或指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞*Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.*Manyofuslikeplayinggames.★much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞*Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.你能給我些水嗎？3.another/other★another泛指三個或三個以上中的另一個*Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.★other后面接名詞，泛指別的、其他的*Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?4.theother/others/theothers★theother1.特指兩個中的另一個*Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修飾名詞，特指另一個、另一些*Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.★others泛指其他的人或物*Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.★theothers特指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部人或物*Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.5.few/afew/little/alittle★few/afew修飾可數(shù)名詞little/alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞★few,little表示否定意義,譯為“沒有幾個”，“沒有多少”afew,alittle表示肯定意義,譯為“有幾個”，“有一點”*Therearefewpeoplelivinghere.這里幾乎沒人住。*Thereareafewstudentsintheclassroom.教室里有一些學(xué)生。*IknowlittleEnglish.我不懂英語。*Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些牛奶?！飂ew和little與quite或only連用時，常加不定冠詞a*Therearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.圖書館里頗有些新書。6.every/each★every＋單數(shù)名詞,表示“每一個”,強調(diào)共性、整體,只作定語,形式上為單數(shù).不與of連用*Everychildlikesplayinggames.★each表示“每一個”,強調(diào)個性,作定語主語、賓語和同位語,常與of連用*Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.*Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.7.all/none★all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位語時,一般放在連系動詞、助動詞之后,行為動詞之前*WeareallfromCanada.=AllofusarefromCanada.★none“沒有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介詞of（謂語動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均可）*Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.8.both/either/neither★both“（兩者）都”,作主語時看作復(fù)數(shù)；作定語時后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)*Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.★neither“(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義，作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù);作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù)*Neitheranswerisright.★either“兩者中任何一個”,作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù);作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù)*Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.★有關(guān)詞組及應(yīng)用A.bothof/eitherof/neitherof*Bothofthemswimwell.他們倆都游得很好。*EitherofyougoestoBeijing.你們倆隨便誰去北京都可以。*Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.他們倆誰都不停下來休息。B.both…and（謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）either…or/neither…nor(謂語動詞遵循就近原則)*BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.om和Lucy都在二年級。*Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathom或者我爸爸或者我媽媽在家燒飯。*NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都沒空。9.Something/anything/nothing/Somebody/anybody/nobody當(dāng)形容詞修飾這些不定代詞時，常后置*Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.*Isthereanythingelseinthebox?*Nobodycananswerthequestion.指示代詞DemonstrativePronouns表示空間和時間遠近關(guān)系的代詞包括:this/that(單數(shù))these/those(復(fù)數(shù))1.this,these指在方位上較近的人或物that,those指在方位上較遠的人或物*Thisismyshirt,that’syours.*TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.2.that,those常指前面提過的東西,以免重復(fù)*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.剛才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.疑問代詞InterrogativePronouns用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞常見有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主語\賓語\定語\表語*Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主語\*Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做賓語\*WhichbusdoIneed?\做定語\*What’syourfather?\做表語\注意：在口語中，Who和Whom通用，但在介詞后只能用Whom*Withwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(錯)AdjectivesandAdverbs形容詞、副詞形容詞用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)的詞位置及作用：1.形容詞修飾名詞時,通常放在被修飾詞的前面,做定語*Thisisawoolensweater.*Hejustboughtanexpensivecar.2.形容詞位于系動詞的后面,做表語*Itwasdangeroushere.*Hisfaceturnsred.3.形容詞做補語時，表示現(xiàn)狀、狀態(tài)或某一動作的結(jié)果*Theymustkeeptheireyesclosed.*Hemadeuslaugh.4.形容詞放在數(shù)量詞之后*Thebridgeisnearlytwentymeterswide.*Thisisabuildingtwelvestoreyshigh.5.形容詞在修飾no,some,any,every構(gòu)成的不定代詞時，形容詞放在所修飾詞之后*There’ssomethingwrongwiththemachine.*Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?*Someoneelsehasdoneit.副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或其它副詞或全句的詞，用來說明時間、地點、程度、方式等。在句中多做狀語或表語位置及作用：1.副詞修飾動詞時,放在句首、句中或句末*UsuallyIreadthenewspapersintheevening.*Sheisoftenlate.2.時間、地點副詞,放在句末或句首*YoucameherelastSunday.*Tomorrowwearegoingtohaveameeting.3.副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，一般前置*Shestudiedveryhard.注意：enough屬例外詞★形/副+enoughtodo*Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.★enough+名詞*Wehaveenoughmoneytobuythisbook.4.常見的頻度副詞有:alwayshardlysometimesoften頻度副詞一般放在系動詞或助動詞之后,行為動詞之前。*Ihardlyeverheardhimsinging.*Sheisalwaysaskingquestions.*DoyouoftenspeakEnglish?5.及物動詞+副詞組成的動詞詞組,有名詞做賓語時,該名詞放在副詞前或后均可,如是代詞做賓語,則必須將代詞放在副詞前*CanItryontheshoesplease?*CanItrythemonplease?*Don’tcutdownthetree!*Don’tcutitdown!區(qū)別幾組易混淆的副詞、形容詞★too用于肯定、疑問句常用于句尾also較為正式書面語，緊跟動詞either用于否定句，用于句尾*Helikesmusic,Ilikeit,too.*Theyalsoagreewithme.*Shecan’tswimeither.★already常用于肯定句、個別疑問句yet常用于否定句、疑問句*Thetrainhasalreadygone.*Theyhaven’tcomebackyet.★such修飾名詞so修飾形容詞、副詞*Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.*ThisboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.★alone(單獨、獨自)作表語=byoneselflonely(孤獨的)可作表語、定語*Helivedalone,buthedidn’tfeellonely.It’salonelyvillage.★hard(努力地)hardly(幾乎不)否定副詞*Sheworksveryhard,andhehardlyhasarestonSundays.TheComparative&SuperlativeDegreesofAdjectives&Adverbs形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞1)一般情況加–er或–estfast–faster–fastesthigh–higher–highestclever–cleverer–cleverest2)以字母e結(jié)尾加–r或–stfine–finer–finestlate–later–latestnice–nicer–nicest規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞3)重讀閉音節(jié)、末尾只有一個輔音字母時雙寫加–er或–estfat–fatter–fattestbig–bigger–biggestthin–thinner–thinnest4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾變y為i加–er或–estearly–earlier–earliesteasy–easier–easiestlucky–luckier–luckiest規(guī)則變化部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mostslowly-moreslowly-mostslowlyeasily-moreeasily-mosteasilycarefully-morecarefully-mostcarefully不規(guī)則變化good/well–better–bestmany/much–more–mostlittle–less–leastbad/badly/ill–worse–worstfar–farther–farthest(far–further–furthest)形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的用法1)表示兩者（人或事物）的比較時用比較級，通常用連詞than引導(dǎo)，表示“較…”或“更…一些”的意思*Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.*LiLeijumpedfartherthanJim(did).2)表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比較用最高級，最高級的前面一般要加定冠詞the，后面可帶of（in,among）短語來說明比較的范圍*ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.*Lucysings(the)bestofall.*Heisthemostcarefulamongus.3)在表示“和…一樣…”和“不及…”這類概念時，可以用“as+原級+as”和“notas（so）+原級+as”的句型*Ourteacherisasbusyasbefore.*Hedoesnotrunso(as)fastasI.4)可用much,still,alittle,even,far,threeyears等表示程度的狀語來修飾比較級*SheismuchtallerthanMrs.Liu.*HeisthreeyearsolderthanI.*Thisproblemisalittlemoredifficultthantheotherone.5)幾種比較級的使用句型1.“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越…”*YourEnglishisgettingbetterandbetter.你的英語越來越好了。*ThesedaysmoreandmorepeoplearelearningEnglis學(xué)英語的人越來越多了。2.“the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越…就越…”*Themore,thebetter.越多越好。*Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越高興。3.“more(less)than”表示“不止，不到”*Sheismorethanthirty.她三十多歲了。*Thelightestweighslessthan50kilograms.最輕的不到五十公斤。4.“moreorless”表示“差不多，或多或少”*Theproblemismoreorlesssolved.這個問題差不多已經(jīng)解決了。*Isitstraight?–Moreorless.它直嗎？–差不多吧。6)注意點1.形容詞最高級前一定要用the，副詞最高級前可省略2.在比較級中為了避免重復(fù)，在the后常用one，that，those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞*Thispenisshorterthanthatone.*TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.3.用or連接兩項需作比較的內(nèi)容時，須用比較級；若or連接三項或三項以上的內(nèi)容時，則須用最高級*Whoistaller,MaryorJane?*Whichisbiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?7)掌握幾種同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heisthetallest(student)inhisclass.2.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone=Thisfilmisn'tasinterestingasthatone=Thatfilmismoreinterestingthanthisone.3.IprefermathstoEnglish.=IlikemathsbetterthanEnglish.4.Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry.=Theboxissoheavythathecan’tcarryit.=Theboxisnotlightenoughforhimtocarry.Exercises選擇1Whogetshomeusually____inyourfamily?A.thelatestB.laterC.earlyD.aslate2Themorewelookedatthepicture,____.A.welikeitlessB.thelesswelikeditC.betterwelikeditD.itlookedbetter3.Whatapity.Lucyran____thanLily.A.afewmoreslowlyB.alittlemoreslowlyC.muchmoreslowlyD.littleslowlier4Don’tworry.Yourbabyislookedafter____here,thenursearevery____.A.careful,carefullyB.carefully,carefulC.care,carelessD.careless,care5