2012年考研英語一真題及答案完整解析(1)-文檔

2012年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（一）PAGEPAGE12012年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（一）TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourtandpolitics.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust.Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.

1.[A]emphasize

[B]maintain

[C]modify

[D]recognize2.[A]when

[B]lest

[C]before

[D]unless3.[A]restored

[B]weakened

[C]established

[D]eliminated4.[A]challenged

[B]compromised

[C]suspected

[D]accepted5.[A]advanced

[B]caught

[C]bound

[D]founded6.[A]resistant

[B]subject

[C]immune

[D]prone7.[A]resorts

[B]sticks

[C]loads

[D]applies8.[A]evade

[B]raise

[C]deny

[D]settle9.[A]line

[B]barrier

[C]similarity

[D]conflict10.[A]by

[B]as

[C]though

[D]towards11.[A]so

[B]since

[C]provided

[D]though12.[A]serve

[B]satisfy

[C]upset

[D]replace13.[A]confirm

[B]express

[C]cultivate

[D]offer14.[A]guarded

[B]followed

[C]studied

[D]tied15.[A]concepts

[B]theories

[C]divisions

[D]conceptions16.[A]excludes

[B]questions

[C]shapes

[D]controls17.[A]dismissed

[B]released

[C]ranked

[D]distorted18.[A]suppress

[B]exploit

[C]address

[D]ignore19.[A]accessible

[B]amiable

[C]agreeable

[D]accountable20.[A]byallmesns

[B]atallcosts

[C]inaword

[D]asaresult

Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas[A]asupplementtothesocialcure[B]astimulustogroupdynamics[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors

22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements

23.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto

[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect

24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits

25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis[A]harmful[B]desirable[C]profound[D]questionable

Adealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.Instead,thecompanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont’srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerplantrunning.It’sastunningmove.Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont’sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionoftheplant’slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature’sapproval.Then,too,thecompanywentalong.EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee’ssafetyandEntergy’smanagement–especiallyafterthecompanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy’sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.Nowthecompanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalgovernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.ThecompanyseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnotinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearplantisapoblictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thecompanyhasappliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)reviewsthecompany’sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.

26.Thephrase“renegingon”(Line3.para.1)isclosestinmeaningto[A]condemning.[B]reaffirming.[C]dishonoring.[D]securing.27.Byenteringintothe2002agreement,Entergyintendedto[A]obtainprotectionfromVermontregulators.[B]seekfavorfromthefederallegislature.[C]acquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicense.[D]getpermissiontopurchaseapowerplant.

28.AccordingtoParagraph4,Entergyseemstohaveproblemswithits[A]managerialpractices.[B]technicalinnovativeness.[C]financialgoals.[D]businessvision

29.Intheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewilltest[A]Entergy’scapacitytofulfillallitspromises.[B]thematureofstates’patchworkregulations.[C]thefederalauthorityovernuclearissues.[D]thelimitsofstates’powerovernuclearissues.

30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]Entergy’sbusinesselsewheremightbeaffected.[B]theauthorityoftheNRCwillbedefied.[C]EntergywillwithdrawitsPlymouthapplication.[D]Vermont’sreputationmightbedamaged.

Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousandcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionabound.Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewlystakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectivescrutinyandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher’sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity’sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual’sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity’scrediblediscovery.Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofprevailingKnowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesduplicationandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-search,notre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutationbyfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertAzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought.”Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandappreciated.Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim–aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother’sreasoningandeachother’sconceptionsofreason.”

31.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theprocessofdiscoveryischaracterizedbyits[A]uncertaintyandcomplexity.[B]misconceptionanddeceptiveness.[C]logicalityandobjectivity.[D]systematicnessandregularity.

32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessrequires[A]strictinspection.[B]sharedefforts.[C]individualwisdom.[D]persistentinnovation.

33.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit[A]hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublic.[B]hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity.[C]hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewers.[D]hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientists.

34.AlbertSzent-Gy?rgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat[A]scientificclaimswillsurvivechallenges.[B]discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch.[C]effortstomakediscoveriesarejustified.[D]scientificworkcallsforacriticalmind.

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetest?[A]NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment.[B]CollectiveScrutinyinScientificDiscovery.[C]EvolutionofCredibilityinDoingScience.[D]ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience.

IfthetradeunionistJimmyHoffawerealivetoday,hewouldprobablyrepresentcivilservant.WhenHoffa’sTeamsterswereintheirprimein1960,onlyoneintenAmericangovernmentworkersbelongedtoaunion;now36%do.In2009thenumberofunionistsinAmerica’spublicsectorpassedthatoftheirfellowmembersintheprivatesector.InBritain,morethanhalfofpublic-sectorworkersbutonlyabout15%ofprivate-sectoronesareunionized.Therearethreereasonsforthepublic-sectorunions’thriving.First,theycanshutthingsdownwithoutsufferingmuchinthewayofconsequences.Second,theyaremostlybrightandwell-educated.AquarterofAmerica’spublic-sectorworkershaveauniversitydegree.Third,theynowdominateleft-of-centrepolitics.Someoftheirtiesgobackalongway.Britain’sLaborParty,asitsnameimplies,haslongbeenassociatedwithtradeunionism.Itscurrentleader,EdMiliband,oweshispositiontovotesfrompublic-sectorunions.Atthestateleveltheirinfluencecanbeevenmorefearsome.MarkBaldassareofthePublicPolicyInstituteofCaliforniapointsoutthatmuchofthestate’sbudgetispatrolledbyunions.Theteachers’unionskeepaneyeonschools,theCCPOAonprisonsandavarietyoflaborgroupsonhealthcare.Inmanyrichcountriesaveragewagesinthestatesectorarehigherthanintheprivateone.Buttherealgainscomeinbenefitsandworkpractices.Politicianshaverepeatedly“backloaded”public-sectorpaydeals,keepingthepayincreasesmodestbutaddingtoholidaysandespeciallypensionsthatarealreadygenerous.Reformhasbeenvigorouslyopposed,perhapsmostegregiouslyineducation,wherecharterschools,academiesandmeritpayallfaceddrawn-outbattles.Eventhoughthereisplentyofevidencethatthequalityoftheteachersisthemostimportantvariable,teachers’unionshavefoughtagainstgettingridofbadonesandpromotinggoodones.Asthecosttoeveryoneelsehasbecomeclearer,politicianshavebeguntoclampdown.InWisconsintheunionshaveralliedthousandsofsupportersagainstScottWalker,thehardlineRepublicangovernor.Butmanywithinthepublicsectorsufferunderthecurrentsystem,too.JohnDonahueatHarvard’sKennedySchoolpointsoutthatthenormsofcultureinWesterncivilservicessuitthosewhowanttostayputbutisbadforhighachievers.TheonlyAmericanpublic-sectorworkerswhoearnwellabove$250,000ayearareuniversitysportscoachesandthepresidentoftheUnitedStates.Bankers’fatpaypacketshaveattractedmuchcriticism,butapublic-sectorsystemthatdoesnotrewardhighachieversmaybeamuchbiggerproblemforAmerica.

36.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthat[A]Teamstersstillhavealargebodyofmembers.[B]JimmyHoffausedtoworkasacivilservant.[C]unionshaveenlargedtheirpublic-sectormembership.[D]thegovernmenthasimproveditsrelationshipwithunionists.

37.WhichofthefollowingistrueofParagraph2?[A]Public-sectorunionsareprudentintakingactions.[B]Educationisrequiredforpublic-sectorunionmembership.[C]LaborPartyhaslongbeenfightingagainstpublic-sectorunions.[D]Public-sectorunionsseldomgetintroublefortheiractions.

38.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4thattheincomeinthestatesectoris[A]illegallysecured.[B]indirectlyaugmented.[C]excessivelyincreased.[D]fairlyadjusted.

39.TheexampleoftheunionsinWisconsinshowsthatunions[A]oftenrunagainstthecurrentpoliticalsystem.[B]canchangepeople’spoliticalattitudes.[C]maybeabarriertopublic-sectorreforms.[D]aredominantinthegovernment.

40.JohnDonahue’sattitudetowardsthepublic-sectorsystemisoneof[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.

Thinkofthosefleetingmomentswhenyoulookoutofanaeroplanewindowandrealisethatyouareflying,higherthanabird.Nowthinkofyourlaptop,thinnerthanabrown-paperenvelope,oryourcellphoneinthepalmofyourhand.Takeamomentortwotowonderatthosemarvels.Youaretheluckyinheritorofadreamcometrue.Thesecondhalfofthe20thcenturysawacollectionofgeniuses,warriors,entrepreneursandvisionarieslabourtocreateafabulousmachinethatcouldfunctionasatypewriterandprintingpress,studioandtheatre,paintbrushandgallery,pianoandradio,themailaswellasthemailcarrier.(41)Thenetworkedcomputerisanamazingdevice,thefirstmediamachinethatservesasthemodeofproduction,meansofdistribution,siteofreception,andplaceofpraiseandcritique.Thecomputeristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.Butforallthereasonstherearetocelebratethecomputer,wemustalsotreadwithcaution.(42)Icallitasecretwarfortworeasons.First,mostpeopledonotrealisethattherearestrongcommercialagendasatworktokeeptheminpassiveconsumptionmode.Second,themajorityofpeoplewhousenetworkedcomputerstouploadarenotevenawareofthesignificanceofwhattheyaredoing.Allanimalsdownload,butonlyafewupload.Beaversbuilddamsandbirdsmakenests.Yetforthemostpart,theanimalkingdommovesthroughtheworlddownloading.Humansareuniqueintheircapacitytonotonlymaketoolsbutthenturnaroundandusethemtocreatesuperfluousmaterialgoods-paintings,sculptureandarchitecture-andsuperfluousexperiences-music,literature,religionandphilosophy.(43)Forallthepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestillstuckindownloadmode.Evenaftertheadventofwidespreadsocialmedia,apyramidofproductionremains,withasmallnumberofpeopleuploadingmaterial,aslightlylargergroupcommentingonormodifyingthatcontent,andahugepercentageremainingcontenttojustconsume.(44)Televisionisaone-waytapflowingintoourhomes.Thehardesttaskthattelevisionasksofanyoneistoturnthepoweroffafterhehasturnediton.(45)Whatcountsasmeaningfuluploading?Mydefinitionrevolvesaroundtheconceptof"stickiness"-creationsandexperiencestowhichothersadhere.

[A]Ofcourse,itispreciselythesesuperfluousthingsthatdefinehumancultureandultimatelywhatitistobehuman.Downloadingandconsumingculturerequiresgreatskills,butfailingtomovebeyonddownloadingistostriponeselfofadefiningconstituentofhumanity.[B]Applicationslike,whichallowuserstocombinepictures,wordsandothermediaincreativewaysandthensharethem,havethepotentialtoaddstickinessbyamusing,entertainingandenlighteningothers.[C]Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillenniumtheyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystemaccessedbybillionsofpeopleeveryday.[D]Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhassparkedasecretwarbetweendownloadinganduploading-betweenpassiveconsumptionandactivecreation-whoseoutcomewillshapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybegintoimagine.[E]ThechallengethecomputermountstotelevisionthusbearslittlesimilaritytooneformatbeingreplacedbyanotherinthemannerofrecordplayersbeingreplacedbyCDplayers.[F]Onereasonforthepersistenceofthispyramidofproductionisthatforthepasthalf-century,muchoftheworld'smediaculturehasbeendefinedbyasinglemedium-television-andtelevisionisdefinedbydownloading.[G]Thenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearstoreversetheflow,toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningfuluploading.

PartC

SectionIII

Writing

Someinternationalsstudentsarecomingtoyouruniversity.WritethemanemailinthenameoftheStudents’Unionto1)

extendyourwelcomeand2)

providesomesuggestionsfortheircampuslifehere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress(10points)

PartB52.Directions:writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould1)describethedrawingbriefly2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.（20points）1.【答案】B【解析】從空后信息可以看出，這句表達(dá)的是“__法官表現(xiàn)得像政治家”的情況下，法庭就不能保持其作為法律法規(guī)的合法衛(wèi)士的形象，所以應(yīng)該選C,maintain“維持，保持”，其他顯然語義不通。2.【答案】A【解析】從第三段可以看出，文章認(rèn)為法院和政治之間應(yīng)該是有界限的。所以這里應(yīng)該是當(dāng)法官像政治家一樣行事，模糊了二者之間的區(qū)別時，就失去了其作為法律衛(wèi)士的合法性。只有B，when表示這個意思。3.【答案】B【解析】第二段給的具體事例說明，法官出現(xiàn)在政治活動中會使法官形象受損，影響他們獨(dú)立、公正的名聲。只有B，weaken能表示這個意思。4.【答案】D【解析】空前信息顯示，法官出席政治活動會讓法院的審判收到影響，人們就會認(rèn)為其審判不公正，所以選D，beacceptedas...“被認(rèn)為是”。5.【答案】C【解析】空所在的語境為：產(chǎn)生這樣的問題，部分原因在于“法官沒有__道德規(guī)范”。后一句話說，至少法院應(yīng)該遵守行為規(guī)范，這顯然是進(jìn)一步說明上一句話。所以上一句是說法官沒有受到道德規(guī)范的約束，選C，bound。6.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)解析5可以看出，這里應(yīng)該是說遵守行為規(guī)范，subject與to連用，表示“服從某物，受…支配”。故本題選B。7.【答案】D【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里是由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾說明前面的行為規(guī)范，是說法院也應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守適用于其他聯(lián)邦司法部的行為規(guī)范。applyto“適用于”符合題意。resortto“求助于”;stickto“堅持(原則等)”語意不通。8.【答案】B【解析】空所在的語境為，類似這樣的案例提出了這樣一個問題：法院和政治之間是否還存在著界限。提出問題，產(chǎn)生問題用只能選raise。9.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)第8題可知，空內(nèi)應(yīng)填line，“界限”。barrier“障礙”，similarity“相似性”，conflict“沖突”都不合題意。10.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)句意，憲法的起草者們預(yù)想的是將司法從政治中分出來，讓其享有獨(dú)立的權(quán)力。envisionas“將…想象成…”。所以選B。11.【答案】A【解析】本題考察邏輯搭配。本選項(xiàng)答案的確定需結(jié)合前句意思，制憲者旨在使法律不受政治的任何影響，這樣一來，法官就可以免受掌權(quán)者的影響了。此空就是考察由此所帶來的結(jié)果，故選[A]。12.【答案】C【解析】此題承接上題，可知法律不受政治的影響，從而法官也不用擔(dān)心掌權(quán)者(thoseinpower)。13.【答案】C【解析】此題承接上題,結(jié)合句意,可知該半句主要表達(dá)“法官也無需政治支持了?！边x項(xiàng)C最符題意。14.【答案】D【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。原句表達(dá)“我們的法律體系是法律完全不受政治的影響，是因?yàn)檫@兩者是緊密。。?！薄＝Y(jié)合句意思，[D]最合題意.15.【答案】A【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。文中說“憲法具有政治性，是因其的選擇都是植根于諸如自由，財產(chǎn)之類的基本社會。。。中?！弊杂?，財產(chǎn)是西方社會的一些基本社會理念或概念，故選[A]。16.【答案】C【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。首先分析該句，可知空白處添加上一動詞可構(gòu)成一定語從句，限定“thelaw”。其次，文中語境表達(dá)“當(dāng)法律處理社會政策決策問題時，。。。的法律不可避免的具有政治性。四個選項(xiàng)中，[C]為最佳答案。17.【答案】A【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。可由文中語境得知，該半句主要表達(dá)“這也就解釋了為何背離思想路線的決策被看作是不公正的，從而被輕易的….”。結(jié)合語境，以及四個選項(xiàng)的意思，可知[A]最佳。18.【答案】C【解析】此題考察詞意辨析。由文中語境可知該句主要表達(dá)“法官必須。。。有關(guān)法庭(裁決的)公正合理的質(zhì)疑?！彼膫€選項(xiàng)中，僅[C]符合題意。19.【答案】D【解析】本題考察短語搭配及相似短語辨析。四個選項(xiàng)均可與連用，其中accessibleto易接近的;可歸屬的;可得到的可歸因的amiableto可親，多指人和藹可親，易于接近agreeableto欣然同意的;適合的，適宜的accountableto對…負(fù)責(zé)此題的理解需承接整個句,首先此空所在后半句乃一方式狀語，承接前半句說明法官怎樣來解決有關(guān)法庭(裁決的)公正合理的質(zhì)疑。將此四個選項(xiàng)分別代入，可得出正確答案[D]，法官只有對對行為準(zhǔn)則負(fù)責(zé)，也即是遵循一定的行為準(zhǔn)則才可確保其裁決的公正與合理。20.【答案】D【解析】此題考察邏輯搭配。此句承接上句，旨在說明由此帶來的結(jié)果，也即是文中所說的“。。。使得裁決看起來完全不受政治的影響，如法律一般令人信服?！苯Y(jié)合四個選項(xiàng)意思，可知選[D]。21.【答案】D【解析】文章首段包含了兩方面的內(nèi)容，作者先簡單介紹Peerpressure，再引出TinaRosenberg在她的新書JointheClub中對于peerpressure的看法，這篇文章是以一篇書評的形式出現(xiàn)。而題目“根據(jù)第一段，同伴壓力的出現(xiàn)常常是…”問的僅僅是同伴壓力，并無涉及到TinaRosenberg或者她的新書，因此答案則應(yīng)主要涉及文章對于peerpressure的介紹，而非Tina對于peerpressure的看法。首段第三句說“(同伴壓力)通常引起不好的事情，如酗酒，嗑藥，亂交”，故答案選D，說明同伴壓力出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，這里的答案使用了同義替換的方式。22.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“public-healthadvocates”可以定位到第三段最后一句話“Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure”,即應(yīng)該向廣告商學(xué)習(xí)，這里主要是對于短語“takeapagefrom”的理解，答案選B23.【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)題干“在作者看來，Rosenberg的書沒能…”，所選答案是要找出作者看來這本書的缺點(diǎn)是什么。文章第四段第一句話說“但是，在…方面，Rosenberg不太有說服力”，緊接著說“JointheClub中太多無關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，而對于使同伴壓力能產(chǎn)生如此大作用的社會和生物因素并未做足夠的探究”，這句話充分說明了在作者心目中這本書的不足在哪兒，故答案選A24.【答案】C【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五段首句告訴我們peergroups確實(shí)會對行為產(chǎn)生很大的影響，第二句具體說明影響的內(nèi)容，即好的習(xí)慣和不好的習(xí)慣都會通過社會交際在朋友圈中傳遞，最后一句則對這種影響進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，“這是同伴壓力的細(xì)微表現(xiàn)，我們無意識地模仿日常所見到的行為”。而分析題干和選項(xiàng)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)該題是對“imitationofbehavior”進(jìn)行歸納，回到原文，找到“我們無意識地模仿日常所見到的行為”，答案即刻清晰，這里是對unconsciously一詞進(jìn)行了釋義，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。25.【答案】D【解析】這道題考查作者對于peerpressure所能帶來的影響的態(tài)度，作者通過最后一段第一句話首先向我們表明他對“專家和其他官方人員是否能成功選擇同伴來引導(dǎo)他們的行為朝好的方向發(fā)展”的不肯定，接下來以教師指導(dǎo)學(xué)生的例子為說明，得出結(jié)論“Thetacticneverreallyworks.”(這個策略從來沒有真正起作用)。通過作者的這樣一番描述，可以看出，作者對于peerpressure是否能有效果是質(zhì)疑的，故答案選D。26.【答案】C【解析】reneging的原形是renege，本議是“食言”“否認(rèn)”之意，為反向意義詞。而四個選項(xiàng)中A中的condemning意為“譴責(zé)”“處刑”B中的reaffirming意為“重申”“再肯定，再斷言”，C中的dishonoring的意為“拒付，不兌付”，在意思和方向上都符合，D中securing意為“保證，使保險”的含義。本文主要在說Entergy這個公司不兌現(xiàn)自己的諾言，所以應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。27.【答案】D本題答案定位在文中第三段每二句話，Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.“asaconditionof”可以理解為“為了”，D項(xiàng)中的“purchase”一詞就是對文中“sale”的替換。28.【答案】A題干：“根據(jù)第四段Entergy公司似乎在它的····上存在