MOOC 人工智能原理-北京大學(xué) 中國大學(xué)慕課答案

MOOC人工智能原理-北京大學(xué)中國大學(xué)慕課答案QuizzesforChapter11、問題：TuringTestisdesignedtoprovidewhatkindofsatisfactoryoperationaldefinition?圖靈測試旨在給予哪一種令人滿意的操作定義選項(xiàng)：A、machineintelligence機(jī)器智能B、humanintelligence人工智能C、machineaction機(jī)器動作D、humanaction人類動作E、humanthinking人類思考正確答案:【machineintelligence機(jī)器智能】2、問題：Selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofartificialintelligence選擇以下關(guān)于人工智能概念的正確表述選項(xiàng)：A、Artificialintelligenceistheintelligenceexhibitedbymachinesorsoftware.人工智能是通過機(jī)器或軟件展現(xiàn)的智能B、Artificialintelligenceaimstocreateintelligentmachines.人工智能旨在創(chuàng)造智能機(jī)器C、Artificialintelligencedefinesitselfasthestudyofhumanagents.人工智能將其定義為人類智能體的研究D、Artificialintelligenceistoenablethedevelopmentofcomputersthatareabletodothingsnormallydonebyhuman.人工智能是為了開發(fā)一類計(jì)算機(jī)使之能夠完成通常由人類所能做的事E、Artificialintelligenceistostudyandconstructagentprogramsthatperformwellinagivenenvironment.人工智能是研究和構(gòu)建在給定環(huán)境下表現(xiàn)良好的智能體程序正確答案:【Artificialintelligenceistheintelligenceexhibitedbymachinesorsoftware.人工智能是通過機(jī)器或軟件展現(xiàn)的智能#Artificialintelligenceaimstocreateintelligentmachines.人工智能旨在創(chuàng)造智能機(jī)器#Artificialintelligenceistoenablethedevelopmentofcomputersthatareabletodothingsnormallydonebyhuman.人工智能是為了開發(fā)一類計(jì)算機(jī)使之能夠完成通常由人類所能做的事#Artificialintelligenceistostudyandconstructagentprogramsthatperformwellinagivenenvironment.人工智能是研究和構(gòu)建在給定環(huán)境下表現(xiàn)良好的智能體程序】3、問題：Whichofthefollowingarethefoundationsofartificialintelligence?如下學(xué)科哪些是人工智能的基礎(chǔ)？選項(xiàng)：A、Philosophy哲學(xué)B、History歷史C、Mathematics數(shù)學(xué)D、Medicine醫(yī)學(xué)E、Economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)F、Psychology心理學(xué)正確答案:【Philosophy哲學(xué)#Mathematics數(shù)學(xué)#Economics經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)#Psychology心理學(xué)】4、問題：WhichofthefollowingstatementsaretruetodescribestrongAI(GeneralAI)?下列陳述中哪些是描述強(qiáng)AI(通用AI)的正確答案？選項(xiàng)：A、Theappropriatelyprogrammedcomputerwiththerightinputsandoutputswouldtherebyhaveamindinexactlythesamesensehumanbeingshaveminds.是經(jīng)過適當(dāng)編程的具有正確輸入和輸出的計(jì)算機(jī)，因此有與人類同樣判斷力的頭腦B、Itdefinesnon-sentientcomputerintelligenceorAIthatisfocusedononenarrowtask.其定義為無知覺的計(jì)算機(jī)智能，或?qū)Ｗ⒂谝粋€(gè)狹窄任務(wù)的AIC、Itmeansamachinewiththeabilitytoapplyintelligencetoanyproblem.指的是一種機(jī)器，具有將智能應(yīng)用于任何問題的能力D、Itmeansamachinewiththeabilitytoapplyintelligencetoaspecificproblem.指的是一種機(jī)器，僅針對一個(gè)具體問題正確答案:【Theappropriatelyprogrammedcomputerwiththerightinputsandoutputswouldtherebyhaveamindinexactlythesamesensehumanbeingshaveminds.是經(jīng)過適當(dāng)編程的具有正確輸入和輸出的計(jì)算機(jī)，因此有與人類同樣判斷力的頭腦#Itmeansamachinewiththeabilitytoapplyintelligencetoanyproblem.指的是一種機(jī)器，具有將智能應(yīng)用于任何問題的能力】5、問題：Selectthefollowingcomputersystemswhichareinstancesofartificialintelligence.選擇下列計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)中屬于人工智能的實(shí)例選項(xiàng)：A、Robot機(jī)器人B、Intelligentpersonalassistant智能個(gè)人助理C、Voice-activatedtelephonemenus聲控電話菜單D、WebsearchenginesWeb搜索引擎E、Distributedcomputing超市條形碼掃描器正確答案:【Robot機(jī)器人#Intelligentpersonalassistant智能個(gè)人助理#WebsearchenginesWeb搜索引擎】6、問題：Selectwhichofthefollowingonesareresearchareaofartificialintelligence.選擇下列哪些是人工智能的研究領(lǐng)域選項(xiàng)：A、Distributedcomputing分布式計(jì)算B、Expertsystem專家系統(tǒng)C、Softwareoutsourcing軟件外包D、Machinelearning機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)E、Imageunderstanding圖像理解F、Facerecognition人臉識別正確答案:【Expertsystem專家系統(tǒng)#Machinelearning機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)#Imageunderstanding圖像理解#Facerecognition人臉識別】7、問題：Examinesomeapplicationsofartificialintelligence(AI)todiscoverwhichthefollowingtaskscancurrentlybesolvedbyAI.考察人工智能(AI)的一些應(yīng)用，去發(fā)現(xiàn)目前下列哪些任務(wù)可以通過AI來解決選項(xiàng)：A、Playingadecentgameoftabletennis(Ping-Pong).打一場像樣的乒乓球比賽B、Buyingaweek’sworthofgroceriesatthemarket.在市場上購買一周的食品雜貨C、Buyingaweek’sworthofgroceriesontheWeb.在Web上購買一周的食品雜貨D、PlayingthegameofTexasHoldemPokeratacompetitivelevel.以競技水平玩德州撲克游戲E、TranslatingspokenEnglishintospokenChineseinrealtime.將英文口語實(shí)時(shí)翻譯為中文口語正確答案:【Playingadecentgameoftabletennis(Ping-Pong).打一場像樣的乒乓球比賽#Buyingaweek’sworthofgroceriesontheWeb.在Web上購買一周的食品雜貨#PlayingthegameofTexasHoldemPokeratacompetitivelevel.以競技水平玩德州撲克游戲#TranslatingspokenEnglishintospokenChineseinrealtime.將英文口語實(shí)時(shí)翻譯為中文口語】8、填空題：Rationallymeansthepropertyofasystemwhichdoestherightthinggivenwhatit________.理性指的是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的屬性，即在_________的環(huán)境下做正確的事。正確答案:【knows已知】QuizzesforChapter21、問題：Forthefollowingcomparisons,selectwhichapproachesaremoregeneralandmoreamenabletoscientificdevelopment.對于如下比擬，選擇哪些方法更通用并且更適合于科學(xué)開發(fā)選項(xiàng)：A、Thinkinghumanly類人思考B、Thinkingrationally理性思考C、Actinghumanly類人動作D、Actingrationally理性動作正確答案:【Thinkingrationally理性思考#Actingrationally理性動作】2、問題：Arationalagentisonethatdoestherightthing,butwhatdoesitmeantodotherightthing?Consideringtheconsequencesoftheagent’sbehavior,selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptof"rightthing".理性智能體指的是有正確行為的智能體，但正確的行為意味著什么？考慮智能體行為的后果，選擇下列有關(guān)“正確的行為”概念的真實(shí)陳述選項(xiàng)：A、Thissequenceofactionscausestheenvironmenttogothroughasequenceofstates.這些動作序列引起環(huán)境改變而產(chǎn)生狀態(tài)序列B、Anagentinanenvironmentgeneratesasequenceofactionsaccordingtothepercepts.智能體在某個(gè)環(huán)境中依據(jù)感知生成動作序列C、Ifthesequenceisdesirable,thentheagenthasperformedwell.如果該序列是所期望的，則該智能體表現(xiàn)良好D、Butifthesequenceisundesirable,thentheagentdestroystheenvironment.但若該序列是不期望的，則該智能體對其環(huán)境造成破壞。正確答案:【Thissequenceofactionscausestheenvironmenttogothroughasequenceofstates.這些動作序列引起環(huán)境改變而產(chǎn)生狀態(tài)序列#Anagentinanenvironmentgeneratesasequenceofactionsaccordingtothepercepts.智能體在某個(gè)環(huán)境中依據(jù)感知生成動作序列#Ifthesequenceisdesirable,thentheagenthasperformedwell.如果該序列是所期望的，則該智能體表現(xiàn)良好】3、問題：PEASisataskenvironmentdescriptionwhichstandsfor:PEAS是一種任務(wù)環(huán)境描述，它代表：選項(xiàng)：A、Performance性能B、Perceive感知C、Environment環(huán)境D、Exclusion排斥E、Actuators動作器F、Actions動作G、Sense感覺H、Sensors感受器正確答案:【Performance性能#Environment環(huán)境#Actuators動作器#Sensors感受器】4、問題：Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutenvironmenttypesforintelligentagents?下列中語句哪些與智能體環(huán)境類型有關(guān)選項(xiàng)：A、Fullyobservablevs.partiallyobservable完全可觀測與部分可觀測B、Singleagentvs.multi-agent單智能體與多智能體C、Goodagentvs.badagent好的智能體與差的智能體D、Episodicvs.sequential陣發(fā)性與連續(xù)性E、Deterministicvs.stochastic確定性與隨機(jī)性F、Solidvsvs.liquid固體與液體G、Perfectvs.imperfect完美與不完美正確答案:【Fullyobservablevs.partiallyobservable完全可觀測與部分可觀測#Singleagentvs.multi-agent單智能體與多智能體#Episodicvs.sequential陣發(fā)性與連續(xù)性#Deterministicvs.stochastic確定性與隨機(jī)性】5、問題：Thinkingthedifferencesbetweengentfunctionsandagentprograms,selectcorrectstatementsfromfollowingones.考慮智能體函數(shù)與智能體程序的差異，從下列陳述中選擇正確的答案選項(xiàng)：A、Anagentprogramimplementsanagentfunction一個(gè)智能體程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)一個(gè)智能體函數(shù)B、Anagentfunctionimplementsanagentprogram.一個(gè)智能體函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)智能體程序C、Anagentprogramhasnoanyrelationwithanagentfunction.智能體程序與智能體函數(shù)沒有任何關(guān)系D、Anagentprogramcontainsagentfunction.智能體程序包含智能體函數(shù)正確答案:【Anagentprogramimplementsanagentfunction一個(gè)智能體程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)一個(gè)智能體函數(shù)#Anagentprogramcontainsagentfunction.智能體程序包含智能體函數(shù)】6、問題：Selectthefollowingtruewaysthatcanbeusedtorepresentstatesforanagent.選擇下列哪些方法可以用于表示智能體的狀態(tài)選項(xiàng)：A、Atomic原子式B、Distributed分布式C、Factored因子式D、Networked網(wǎng)絡(luò)式E、Molecular模塊式F、Structured結(jié)構(gòu)式正確答案:【Atomic原子式#Factored因子式#Structured結(jié)構(gòu)式】7、填空題：Theapproachofartificialintelligence(AI)whichepresentsinformationthroughsymbolsandtheirrelationshipsis_______AI,andwhichrepresentsinformationinadistributedformwithinanetworkisConnectionistAI.憑借符號及他們之間的關(guān)系來表征信息的人工智能方法是____________AI，而用網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部的一種分布式形式來表征信息的是聯(lián)結(jié)主義AI。正確答案:【Symbolist符號主義】8、填空題：Anintelligentagentisanythingthatcanbeviewedasperceivingitsenvironmentthrough_______,andactinguponthatenvironmentthroughactuators.智能體可看作是通過_________感知外部環(huán)境，并且通過執(zhí)行器作用于外部環(huán)境的任何事物。正確答案:【sensors感受器】QuizzesforChapter31、問題：Therearetwomainkindsofformulationfor8-queensproblem.Whichofthefollowingitemsissuchaformulationthatstartswithall8queensontheboardandmovesthemaround?有兩種8皇后問題的形式化方式?！俺跏紩r(shí)8個(gè)皇后都放在棋盤上，然后再進(jìn)行移動”是哪一種形式化方式？選項(xiàng)：A、Incrementalformulation增量形式化B、Normalformulation正則形式化C、Complete-stateformulation全態(tài)形式化D、Half-stateformulationon半態(tài)形式化正確答案:【Complete-stateformulation全態(tài)形式化】2、問題：Leth(n)denoteheuristicfunctionandg(n)denotecost,theevaluationfunctionf(n)usedbyGreedysearchis:設(shè)h(n)表示啟發(fā)式函數(shù)且g(n)表示代價(jià)，則貪婪搜索所使用的評價(jià)函數(shù)是選項(xiàng)：A、f(n)=h(n)B、f(n)=g(n)C、f(n)=g(n)+h(n)D、f(n)=g(n)-h(n)正確答案:【f(n)=h(n)】3、問題：Leth(n)denoteheuristicfunctionandg(n)denotecost,theevaluationfunctionf(n)usedbyA*searchis:設(shè)h(n)表示啟發(fā)式函數(shù)且g(n)表示代價(jià)，則A*搜索所使用的評價(jià)函數(shù)是:選項(xiàng)：A、f(n)=h(n)B、f(n)=g(n)C、f(n)=g(n)+h(n)D、f(n)=g(n)-h(n)正確答案:【f(n)=g(n)+h(n)】4、問題：Whichofthefollowingitemsareusedtoformulateaproblem?下列哪些項(xiàng)用于對問題進(jìn)行形式化選項(xiàng)：A、Environment環(huán)境B、Initialstate初始狀態(tài)C、Goalstate目標(biāo)狀態(tài)D、Perception感知E、Actions動作F、Actuator執(zhí)行器G、Transitionmodel轉(zhuǎn)換模型H、Agentfunction智能體函數(shù)I、Goaltest目標(biāo)檢測J、Pathcost路徑檢測正確答案:【Initialstate初始狀態(tài)#Actions動作#Transitionmodel轉(zhuǎn)換模型#Goaltest目標(biāo)檢測#Pathcost路徑檢測】5、問題：Selectwhichofthefollowingsearchmethodsaretrueuninformedsearch.選擇如下哪些搜索方法屬于無信息搜索選項(xiàng)：A、A*SearchA*搜索B、Best-firstSearch最佳優(yōu)先搜索C、Bidirectionalsearch雙向搜索D、Breadth-firstsearch寬度優(yōu)先搜索E、Depth-firstsearch深度優(yōu)先搜索F、Depth-limitedsearch深度受限搜索G、GreedySearch貪婪搜索H、Uniform-costsearch一致代價(jià)搜索正確答案:【Bidirectionalsearch雙向搜索#Breadth-firstsearch寬度優(yōu)先搜索#Depth-firstsearch深度優(yōu)先搜索#Depth-limitedsearch深度受限搜索#Uniform-costsearch一致代價(jià)搜索】6、問題：Thesearchstrategiesthatuseproblem-specificknowledgebeyondthedefinitionoftheproblemitselfareknownas:除了問題本身的定義之外，使用問題特定知識的搜索策略被認(rèn)為是選項(xiàng)：A、Binarysearch二元搜索B、Bruteforcesearch蠻力搜索C、Informedsearch有信息搜索D、Uninformedsearch無信息搜索E、Heuristicsearch啟發(fā)式搜索正確答案:【Informedsearch有信息搜索#Heuristicsearch啟發(fā)式搜索】7、填空題：Some______problemsorNP-hardproblemscanbesolvedonlybysearch.某些_______或NP難問題只能通過搜索來求解。正確答案:【NP-completeNP完】8、填空題：Problemformulationistheprocessofdecidingwhat_______andstatestoconsider,givenagoal.問題形式化是給定一個(gè)目標(biāo)，決定要考慮的_______與狀態(tài)的處理。正確答案:【actions動作】QuizzesforChapter41、問題：Keepingjustonenodeinmemorymightseemtobeanextremereactiontotheproblemofmemorylimitations.Localbeamsearchkeepstrackof:在內(nèi)存中僅保存一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)似乎是對內(nèi)存限制問題的極端反應(yīng)。局部束搜索保持：選項(xiàng)：A、kstatesratherthanjustone.k個(gè)狀態(tài)而不僅僅為一B、mstatesratherthannstates.m個(gè)狀態(tài)而不是n個(gè)C、justoneratherthankstates.僅有一個(gè)狀態(tài)而不是k個(gè)D、justmstatesratherthannstates僅有n狀態(tài)而不是m正確答案:【kstatesratherthanjustone.k個(gè)狀態(tài)而不僅僅為一】2、問題：Ageneticalgorithmisavariantofstochasticbeamsearch,inwhichsuccessorstatesaregenerated:遺傳算法是隨機(jī)束搜索的一個(gè)變體，其中后繼節(jié)點(diǎn)的生成是由：選項(xiàng)：A、bycombiningtwoparentstatesratherthanbymodifyingasinglestate.組合兩個(gè)雙親狀態(tài)而不是修改單一狀態(tài)。B、bymodifyingasinglestateratherthanbycombiningtwoparentstates.組合兩個(gè)雙親節(jié)點(diǎn)而不是修改單一節(jié)點(diǎn)。C、bycombiningtwoparentnodesratherthanbymodifyingasinglenode.組合單一狀態(tài)而不是組合兩個(gè)雙親狀態(tài)。D、bymodifyingasinglenoderatherthanbycombiningtwoparentnodes.組合單一節(jié)點(diǎn)而不是組合兩個(gè)雙親節(jié)點(diǎn)。正確答案:【bycombiningtwoparentstatesratherthanbymodifyingasinglestate.組合兩個(gè)雙親狀態(tài)而不是修改單一狀態(tài)?！?、問題：Hillclimbingsearchissometimescalledgreedylocalsearchbecauseitgrabsagoodneighborstatewithoutthinkingaheadaboutwheretogonext.Unfortunately,itoftengetsstuckforthethreereasons:爬山搜索有時(shí)也被稱為貪婪局部搜索，因?yàn)樗活欁プ∫粋€(gè)好的鄰接點(diǎn)的狀態(tài)，而不提前思考下一步該去哪兒。它在三種情況下經(jīng)常被困：選項(xiàng)：A、Hill山丘B(yǎng)、Localmaxima局部最大值C、Mountain高山D、Plateaux高原E、Ridges山嶺正確答案:【Localmaxima局部最大值#Plateaux高原#Ridges山嶺】4、問題：WhichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutSimulatedannealingalgorithm？以下關(guān)于模擬退火算法的陳述哪些是正確的？選項(xiàng)：A、Theinnerloopofthesimulatedannealingalgorithmisquitesimilartohillclimbing.模擬退火算法的內(nèi)循環(huán)與爬山法非常相似。B、Theinnerloopofthesimulatedannealingalgorithmisverydifferentfromhillclimbing.模擬退火算法的內(nèi)循環(huán)與爬山法完全不同。C、Insteadofpickingthebestmove,simulatedannealingalgorithmpicksarandommove.模擬退火算法不是選擇最佳行動，而是選擇隨機(jī)行動。D、Insteadofpickingtherandommove,simulatedannealingalgorithmpicksabestmove.模擬退火算法不是選擇隨機(jī)行動，而是選擇最佳行動。正確答案:【Theinnerloopofthesimulatedannealingalgorithmisquitesimilartohillclimbing.模擬退火算法的內(nèi)循環(huán)與爬山法非常相似。#Insteadofpickingthebestmove,simulatedannealingalgorithmpicksarandommove.模擬退火算法不是選擇最佳行動，而是選擇隨機(jī)行動。】5、填空題：AntColonyOptimization(ACO)algorithmwasinspiredbythebehaviorofantsseekingapathbetween_______andasourceoffood.蟻群優(yōu)化算法是受螞蟻在_______和食物源之間尋找路徑行為的啟發(fā)而形成的。正確答案:【betweentheirnest蟻巢】6、填空題：Inspiredbysocialbehaviorofbirdsandfishes,ParticleSwarmOptimization(PSO)algorithmusesanumberof________thatconstituteaswarmmovingaroundinthesearchspacelookingforthebestsolution.受鳥類和魚類的社會行為的啟發(fā)，粒子群優(yōu)化算法采用若干_______構(gòu)成一個(gè)圍繞搜索空間移動的群體來尋找最優(yōu)解。正確答案:【particles粒子】7、填空題：Localsearchalgorithmsoperateusingasingle______(ratherthanmultiplepaths)andgenerallymoveonlytoneighborsofthatnode.局部搜索算法使用一個(gè)______（而不是多條路徑），并且通常僅移動到該節(jié)點(diǎn)相鄰的節(jié)點(diǎn)。正確答案:【currentnode當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn)】8、填空題：Inadditiontofindinggoals,localsearchalgorithmsareusefulforsolvingpure_________,inwhichtheaimistofindthebeststateaccordingtoanobjectivefunction.除了尋找目標(biāo)之外，局部搜索算法對解決純_________也很有效。其目的是根據(jù)一個(gè)目標(biāo)函數(shù)找到其最好的狀態(tài)。正確答案:【optimizationproblems優(yōu)化問題】QuizzesforChapter51、問題：Whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutgames?以下關(guān)于博弈的陳述哪個(gè)是正確的？選項(xiàng)：A、Adversarialsearchproblemsareoftenknownasgames.對抗搜索通常稱為博弈B、Classicalsearchproblemsareoftenknownasgames.經(jīng)典搜索問題通常稱為博弈C、Heuristicsearchproblemsareoftenknownasgames.啟發(fā)式搜索問題通常稱為博弈D、Localsearchproblemsareoftenknownasgames.局部搜索問題通常稱為博弈正確答案:【Adversarialsearchproblemsareoftenknownasgames.對抗搜索通常稱為博弈】2、問題：___________describesasituationinwhichtheinteractingagents'aggregategainsandlossescanbelessthanormorethanzero.___________中智能體交互動作的總收益和損失可以小于或大于零選項(xiàng)：A、Computergame計(jì)算機(jī)博弈B、Non-zerosumgame非零和博弈C、Two-playergame雙人博弈D、Zerosumgame零和博弈正確答案:【Non-zerosumgame非零和博弈】3、問題：Selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofminimaxruleforazerosumgame.從如下關(guān)于零和博弈maximum概念中選擇正確的答案。選項(xiàng)：A、Eachplayermaximizesthemaximumpayoffpossibleforitself.每個(gè)玩家會使自己可能的最大收益變得最大。B、Eachplayerminimizesthemaximumpayoffpossibleforitself.每個(gè)玩家會使自己可能的最大收益變得最小。C、Eachplayermaximizesthemaximumlosspossiblefortheother.每個(gè)玩家會使對手可能的最大損失變得最大。D、Eachplayerminimizesthemaximumlosspossiblefortheother.每個(gè)玩家會使對手可能的最大損失變得最小。正確答案:【Eachplayermaximizesthemaximumpayoffpossibleforitself.每個(gè)玩家會使自己可能的最大收益變得最大。#Eachplayermaximizesthemaximumlosspossiblefortheother.每個(gè)玩家會使對手可能的最大損失變得最大?！?、問題：Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutalpha-betapruning?以下關(guān)于alpha–beta剪枝的陳述哪些是正確的？選項(xiàng)：A、Alpha–betapruningistodecreasethenumberofnodesthatareevaluatedbytheminimaxalgorithminitssearchtree.Alpha–beta剪枝旨在減少其搜索樹中由minimax算法評價(jià)的節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量。B、Alpha–betapruningistoincreasethenumberofnodesthatareevaluatedbytheminimaxalgorithminitssearchtree.Alpha–beta剪枝旨在增加其搜索樹中由minimax算法評價(jià)的節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量。C、Alpha–betapruningistoeliminatelargepartsthatareevaluatedbytheminimaxalgorithminitssearchtree.Alpha–beta剪枝旨在消除其搜索樹中由minimax算法評價(jià)的大部分。D、Alpha–betapruningistoaddlargepartsthatareevaluatedbytheminimaxalgorithminitssearchtree.Alpha–beta剪枝旨在添加其搜索樹中由minimax算法評價(jià)的大部分。正確答案:【Alpha–betapruningistodecreasethenumberofnodesthatareevaluatedbytheminimaxalgorithminitssearchtree.Alpha–beta剪枝旨在減少其搜索樹中由minimax算法評價(jià)的節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量。#Alpha–betapruningistoeliminatelargepartsthatareevaluatedbytheminimaxalgorithminitssearchtree.Alpha–beta剪枝旨在消除其搜索樹中由minimax算法評價(jià)的大部分?！?、填空題：ClaudeShannonproposedinsteadthatprogramsshouldcutoffthesearchearlierandapplya____________evaluttionfunctiontostatesinthesearch,effectivelyturningnonterminalnodesintoterminalleaves.克勞德·香農(nóng)提出：程序應(yīng)該早一些剪斷搜索，并在搜索中對狀態(tài)應(yīng)用_____________評價(jià)函數(shù)，有效地將非終端節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換為終端葉節(jié)點(diǎn)。（請?zhí)顚懼形拇鸢福┱_答案:【啟發(fā)式】6、填空題：____________isadynamicgamewithprobabilistictransitionsplayedbyoneormoreplayers.____________是一種具有概率轉(zhuǎn)換的動態(tài)博弈，有一個(gè)或多個(gè)玩家。（請?zhí)顚懼形拇鸢福┱_答案:【隨機(jī)博弈】7、填空題：Monte-Carlomethodsareabroadclassofcomputationalalgorithmsthatrelyon________________toobtainnumericalresults.蒙特卡羅方法是一大類計(jì)算算法，它憑借________________來獲得數(shù)值結(jié)果。（請?zhí)顚懼形拇鸢福┱_答案:【重復(fù)隨機(jī)采樣】8、填空題：___________treesearchisontheanalysisofthemostpromisingmoves,expandingthesearchtreebasedonrandomsamplingofthesearchspace.___________樹搜索對最有利的動作進(jìn)行分析，根據(jù)搜索空間的隨機(jī)采樣來擴(kuò)展搜索樹。（請?zhí)顚懼形拇鸢福┱_答案:【蒙特卡羅】QuizzesforChapter61、問題：Selectthefollowingtrueonethatisusedtothestaterepresentationforconstraintsatisfactionproblems(CSPs).從如下用于約束滿足問題(CSP)的狀態(tài)表示中選擇正確的答案。選項(xiàng)：A、atomic原子B、Distributed分布C、Factored因子D、Networked網(wǎng)絡(luò)E、Molecular分子F、Structure結(jié)構(gòu)正確答案:【Factored因子】2、問題：Assumethat{A,B,C,D}arevariables,thedomainofeachvariableis{u,v,w},and!=denotesnotequal,selectwhichofthefollowingexpressionsisabinaryconstraintonCSPformalism?設(shè){A,B,C,D}為變量，每個(gè)變量的域是{u,v,w}，且“!=”表示不等于，從如下表達(dá)式中選擇那個(gè)是CSP形式化的2元約束？選項(xiàng)：A、(A),A=vB、Diff(A,D)C、A+B=CD、Alldiff(A,B,C,D)正確答案:【Diff(A,D)】3、問題：CompareCSPandstate-spacesearch,andselectcorrectstatementsfromfollowingones.比較CSP和狀態(tài)空間搜索，并從下列敘述中選擇正確的答案。選項(xiàng)：A、CSPsolvingsystemcanbefasterthanstate-spacesearchsolvingsystem.CSP求解系統(tǒng)會比狀態(tài)空間搜索求解系統(tǒng)快。B、CSPsolvingsystemcanbeslowerthanstate-spacesearchsolvingsystem.CSP求解系統(tǒng)會比狀態(tài)空間搜索求解系統(tǒng)慢。C、CSPcanquicklyeliminatelargeswatchesofthesearchspace.CSP可以快速排除大的搜索空間樣本。D、State-spacesearchcanquicklyeliminatelargeswatchesofthesearchspace.狀態(tài)空間搜索可以快速排除大的搜索空間樣本。正確答案:【CSPsolvingsystemcanbefasterthanstate-spacesearchsolvingsystem.CSP求解系統(tǒng)會比狀態(tài)空間搜索求解系統(tǒng)快。#CSPcanquicklyeliminatelargeswatchesofthesearchspace.CSP可以快速排除大的搜索空間樣本?！?、問題：Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretruetypesoftypesoflocalconsistencyforconstraintpropagation?如下陳述中哪些是約束傳播局部一致性的正確類型？選項(xiàng)：A、Arcconsistency弧一致B、Graphconsistency圖一致C、k-consistencyk一致D、Loopconsistency環(huán)路一致E、Nodeconsistency節(jié)點(diǎn)一致F、Pathconsistency路徑一致G、Treeconsistency樹一致正確答案:【Arcconsistency弧一致#k-consistencyk一致#Nodeconsistency節(jié)點(diǎn)一致#Pathconsistency路徑一致】5、問題：SelectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofBacktrackingsearch.從如下有關(guān)“回溯搜索”概念中選擇正確的答案。選項(xiàng)：A、Itchoosesvaluesforonevariableatatimeandbacktrackswhenavariablehasnolegalvalueslefttoassign.每次為變量選擇值并且當(dāng)變量沒有合法賦值時(shí)回溯。B、Itincrementallybuildscandidatestothesolutions,andabandonseachpartialcandidatec,assoonasitdeterminesthatccannotpossiblybecompletedtoavalidsolution.每次為變量選擇值并且當(dāng)變量有一個(gè)或多個(gè)合法賦值時(shí)回溯。C、Itincrementallybuildscandidatestothesolutions,andabandonseachpartialcandidatec,assoonasitdeterminesthatccannotpossiblybecompletedtoaninvalidsolution.遞增地構(gòu)建解的候選，并且一旦確定部分候選c不能成為合法的解，就將c拋棄。D、Itchoosesvaluesforonevariableatatimeandbacktrackswhenavariablehasonemorelegalvaluelefttoassign.遞增地構(gòu)建解的候選，并且一旦確定部分候選c不能成為非法的解，就將c拋棄。正確答案:【Itchoosesvaluesforonevariableatatimeandbacktrackswhenavariablehasnolegalvalueslefttoassign.每次為變量選擇值并且當(dāng)變量沒有合法賦值時(shí)回溯。#Itincrementallybuildscandidatestothesolutions,andabandonseachpartialcandidatec,assoonasitdeterminesthatccannotpossiblybecompletedtoaninvalidsolution.遞增地構(gòu)建解的候選，并且一旦確定部分候選c不能成為合法的解，就將c拋棄?！?、填空題：Aconstraintsatisfactionproblem(CSP)isdefinedasasetofobjectswhosestatemustsatisfyanumberof_______________.約束滿足問題(CSP)被定義為其狀態(tài)必須滿足若干_______________的一組對象。正確答案:【constraintsorlimitations約束和限制】7、填空題：Inchoosinganewvalueforavariable,min-conflictsheuristicistoselectthevaluethatresultsinthe_________withothervariables.在對一個(gè)變量選擇一個(gè)新值時(shí)，最小沖突啟發(fā)式選擇導(dǎo)致與其它變量呈現(xiàn)__________的值。正確答案:【minimumnumberofconflicts最少沖突】8、填空題：Toreduceaconstraintgraphtoatreestructure,twoapproachescanbeusedthatare___________andtreedecomposition.為了簡化約束圖為樹結(jié)構(gòu)，有兩種方法可以采用，即___________和樹分解。正確答案:【cutsetconditioning割集調(diào)節(jié)】QuizzesforChapter71、問題：Whichofthefollowinghasbeendefinedwithreferencetoinformation?下列中哪一項(xiàng)是根據(jù)信息來定義的？選項(xiàng)：A、Data數(shù)據(jù)B、Information信息C、Knowledge知識D、Wisdom智慧正確答案:【Knowledge知識】2、問題：Whatkindofknowledgewillbeusedtodescribehowaproblemissolved?哪種知識可用于描述問題如何求解？選項(xiàng)：A、Declarativeknowledge陳述性知識B、Deepknowledge深層知識C、Dynamicknowledge動態(tài)知識D、Heuristicknowledge啟發(fā)性知識E、Proceduralknowledge過程性知識F、Staticknowledge靜態(tài)知識正確答案:【Proceduralknowledge過程性知識】3、問題：Selectwhichofthefollowingapproachesaretrueusingfirstorderlogic.選擇以下哪種方法可以使用一階邏輯。選項(xiàng)：A、Declarativeapproaches陳述性方法B、Functionalapproaches函數(shù)型方法C、Objectiveapproaches對象型方法D、Proceduralapproaches過程性方法正確答案:【Declarativeapproaches陳述性方法】4、問題：Selectthefollowingtruestatementsregardingtheconceptofsemanticnetwork.選擇如下關(guān)于“語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)”概念的正確陳述。選項(xiàng)：A、Itcanrepresentthesemanticrelationsbetweenconcepts.可以表示概念之間的語義關(guān)系。B、Itcanrepresentlargedomains,performanceormeta-knowledgeverywell.可以很好地表示大的域、性能或元知識。C、Itcanberepresentedasadirectedorundirectedgraph,consistingofnodesusedtorepresentconcepts,andarcstorepresentsemanticrelationsbetweentheconcepts.可以被表示為一種直接或間接的圖，由表示概念的節(jié)點(diǎn)和表示概念之間語義關(guān)系的弧組成。D、Itcanbeusedwhenonehasknowledgethatisbestunderstoodasasetofconceptsthatarerelatedtooneanother.語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以用于當(dāng)所具有的知識可被很好地理解為一組彼此相關(guān)的概念時(shí)。正確答案:【Itcanrepresentthesemanticrelationsbetweenconcepts.可以表示概念之間的語義關(guān)系。#Itcanberepresentedasadirectedorundirectedgraph,consistingofnodesusedtorepresentconcepts,andarcstorepresentsemanticrelationsbetweentheconcepts.可以被表示為一種直接或間接的圖，由表示概念的節(jié)點(diǎn)和表示概念之間語義關(guān)系的弧組成。#Itcanbeusedwhenonehasknowledgethatisbestunderstoodasasetofconceptsthatarerelatedtooneanother.語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以用于當(dāng)所具有的知識可被很好地理解為一組彼此相關(guān)的概念時(shí)?！?、問題：Selectwhichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutontology.選擇下列關(guān)于本體的陳述哪些是正確的。選項(xiàng)：A、Anontologyisaformalnaminganddefinitionofthetypes,properties,andinterrelationshipsoftheentitiesforaparticulardomainofdiscourse.本體是一種對特定論域中實(shí)體的類型、特性和相互關(guān)系的形式化命名和定義。B、Anontologyprovidesacommonvocabularyofanareaanddefinethemeaningofthetermsandtherelationshipsbetweenthem.本體提供一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的公共詞匯，并且定義一些術(shù)語的含義和它們之間的關(guān)系。C、Ontologiescannotbecreatedtoorganizeinformationthatwillbeappliedtoproblemsolving.無法創(chuàng)建本體來組織可用于問題求解的信息。D、Ontologiescannotbedividedthetypesofupperontology,domainontology,orhyperontology.無法將本體分為上層本體、領(lǐng)域本體、或混合本體。正確答案:【Anontologyisaformalnaminganddefinitionofthetypes,properties,andinterrelationshipsoftheentitiesforaparticulardomainofdiscourse.本體是一種對特定論域中實(shí)體的類型、特性和相互關(guān)系的形式化命名和定義。#Anontologyprovidesacommonvocabularyofanareaanddefinethemeaningofthetermsandtherelationshipsbetweenthem.本體提供一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的公共詞匯，并且定義一些術(shù)語的含義和它們之間的關(guān)系?！?、問題：ThesynonymsofBayesiannetworksinclude:貝葉斯網(wǎng)絡(luò)的同義詞包括：選項(xiàng)：A、Beliefnetwork信念網(wǎng)絡(luò)B、Causalnetwork因果網(wǎng)絡(luò)C、Computernetwork計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)D、Neuralnetwork神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)E、Probabilisticnetwork概率網(wǎng)絡(luò)F、Socialnetwork社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)正確答案:【Beliefnetwork信念網(wǎng)絡(luò)#Causalnetwork因果網(wǎng)絡(luò)#Probabilisticnetwork概率網(wǎng)絡(luò)】7、填空題：A______________systemconsistsofaknowledgebaseandaninferenceengine,whereknowledgebaserepresentsfactsabouttheworld,inferenceenginecanreasonaboutthosefacts.______________系統(tǒng)由知識庫和搜索引擎組成，其中，知識庫表示關(guān)于世界的事實(shí)，推理引擎則可以對這些事實(shí)進(jìn)行推理。正確答案:【knowledgebase知識庫】8、填空題：__________representationfocusondesigningcomputerrepresentationsthatcaptureknowledgeabouttheworldthatcanbeusedtosolvecomplexproblems.__________表示關(guān)注于設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算機(jī)表示來采集關(guān)于世界的知識，可用于解決復(fù)雜的問題。正確答案:【knowledge知識】QuizzesforChapter81、問題：Learnedthedifferencesbetweensingle-agentproblemandmulti-agentproblem,selectacorrectoneformfollowingdescriptions.學(xué)習(xí)了單智能體問題和多智能體問題之間的區(qū)別后，從如下描述中選擇正確的答案。選項(xiàng)：A、Bothofmulti-effectorproblemandmulti-bodyproblemisasingle-agentproblem.多效用器和多軀體這兩者都是單智能體問題。B、Bothofmulti-effectorproblemandmulti-bodyproblemisamulti-agentproblem.多效用器和多軀體這兩者都是多智能體問題。C、Multi-effectorproblemisasingle-agentproblem,butmulti-bodyproblemisnot.多效用器是單智能體問題，而多軀體是多智能體問題。D、Multi-bodyproblemisamulti-agentproblem,butmulti-effectorproblemisnot.多軀體是單智能體問題，而多效用器是多智能體問題。正確答案:【Bothofmulti-effectorproblemandmulti-bodyproblemisasingle-agentproblem.多效用器和多軀體這兩者都是單智能體問題?！?、問題：Selectthefollowingcorrectfeaturesregardingclassicalplanning.選擇如下有關(guān)經(jīng)典規(guī)劃的正確特征。選項(xiàng)：A、Fullyobservableinadynamicenvironment.動態(tài)環(huán)境中完全可觀測。B、Partlyobservableinastaticenvironment.靜態(tài)環(huán)境中部分可觀測。C、Keepinganondeterministicactionatatime.每次保持不確定性的動作。D、Keepingadeterministicactionatatime.每次保持確定性的動作。E、Oneagentwithonlyoneknowninitialstate.一個(gè)智能體僅有一個(gè)已知的初始狀態(tài)。F、Severalagentswithmultipleknowninitialstates.若干個(gè)智能體具有多個(gè)已知的初始狀態(tài)。正確答案:【Keepingadeterministicactionatatime.每次保持確定性的動作。#Oneagentwithonlyoneknowninitialstate.一個(gè)智能體僅有一個(gè)已知的初始狀態(tài)?！?、問題：Whichofthefollowingapproachesareusedforclassicalplanning?下列方法中哪些可用于經(jīng)典規(guī)劃？選項(xiàng)：A、Booleansatisfiability布爾可滿足性B、constraintsatisfaction約束滿足C、first-orderlogicaldeduction一階邏輯推理D、planninggraph規(guī)劃圖E、planrefinement規(guī)劃精進(jìn)F、state-spacesearch狀態(tài)空間搜索正確答案:【Booleansatisfiability布爾可滿足性#constraintsatisfaction約束滿足#first-orderlogicaldeduction一階邏輯推理#planninggraph規(guī)劃圖#planrefinement規(guī)劃精進(jìn)#state-spacesearch狀態(tài)空間搜索】4、問題：Plannersusedinrealworldforplanningandschedulingaremorecomplex,sothatselectthefollowingcorrectthingswhichshouldbeextend:現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中用于規(guī)劃和調(diào)度的規(guī)劃者更為復(fù)雜，因此選擇以下哪些應(yīng)該擴(kuò)展。選項(xiàng)：A、therepresentationlanguage表示語言B、theplanningalgorithms規(guī)劃算法C、thewaytointeractwithenvironment與環(huán)境交互的方式D、theapproachusedforplanning用于規(guī)劃的途徑正確答案:【therepresentationlanguage表示語言#thewaytointeractwithenvironment與環(huán)境交互的方式】5、問題：Thecharacteristicsofmulti-agentare:多智能體的特征是：選項(xiàng)：A、Autonomy自主性B、Centralizedcontrol集中控制C、Decentralization分散化D、Globalviews全局視野正確答案:【Autonomy自主性#Decentralization分散化】6、問題：Tosimulatetheflockingbehaviorofbirds,therulesshouldconsistof要仿真鳥群的群體行為，其規(guī)則應(yīng)包括：選項(xiàng)：A、Alignment對齊B、Cohesion聚集C、Communication通信D、Separation分離E、Centralization集中正確答案:【Alignment對齊#Cohesion聚集#Separation分離】7、填空題：Therearetwoapproachestosearchingforaplan,oneis________________search,andtheotherisbackwardrelevant-statessearch.有兩種搜索計(jì)劃的方式，一個(gè)是_____________搜索，而另一個(gè)是后向狀態(tài)空間搜索。正確答案:【forwardstate-space前向狀態(tài)空間】8、填空題：MarkovDecisionProcess(MDP)isa_______________process,meansactionoutcomesdependonlyonthecurrentstate.馬可夫決策過程（MDP）是一種_______________過程，意味著動作結(jié)果僅僅依賴于當(dāng)前狀態(tài)。正確答案:【discretetimestochasticcontrol離散時(shí)間隨機(jī)控制】9、填空題：TherearetwooptimalpoliciesforDynamicProgramming,oneis______________,andtheotherispolicyiteration.動態(tài)規(guī)劃有兩種優(yōu)化策略，一個(gè)是___________，而另一種是策略迭代。正確答案:【valueiteration值迭代】QuizzesforChapter91、問題：Whichofthefollowingisusedtodiscovergeneralfactsfromtrainingexamples?下列中哪個(gè)用于從訓(xùn)練樣本中發(fā)現(xiàn)一般的事實(shí)？選項(xiàng)：A、Deductivelearning演繹學(xué)習(xí)B、Inductivelearning歸納學(xué)習(xí)C、Reinforcementlearning強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)D、Supervisedlearning有監(jiān)督學(xué)習(xí)E、Unsupervisedlearning無監(jiān)督學(xué)習(xí)F、Noneoftheaboveiscorrect以上都不正確正確答案:【Inductivelearning歸納學(xué)習(xí)】2、問題：ThereisasetofWebpagesidentifiedasinterestedoruninterestedfortheuserthatcanbeusedtosolveWebpagesfilteringproblembymachinelearning,selectwhichofthefollowingelement/featureistheformaldefinitionforthoseWebpages.有一組供用戶標(biāo)識為感興趣或不感興趣的網(wǎng)頁，可被機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)用來解決網(wǎng)頁過濾問題，選擇下列特征中哪個(gè)是通過訓(xùn)練這些網(wǎng)頁學(xué)來的？選項(xiàng)：A、Task(T)任務(wù)B、Performance(P)性能C、Experience(E)經(jīng)驗(yàn)D、Examples(E)樣本正確答案:【Exper