(完整版)初中英語不定代詞講解及習(xí)題

不定代詞一、不定代詞概述不定代詞定義不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞常見不定代詞some類something,somebody,someoneany類no類every類其他all,each,both,none,one,much,many,(a)few,(a)little,either,neither,other,another充當(dāng)成分作主語、賓語、表語、定語等二、常見不定代詞的基本用法some和any:都是“一些”的意思，都可與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句中，any一般用于否定句或疑問句中。Eg.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________在表示請(qǐng)求、建議或希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中，應(yīng)該用some而不用any。Eg.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepaper?___________________________________________________________當(dāng)any表示“任何”或“無論哪一個(gè)”的意義時(shí)，可以用于肯定句，此時(shí)any要重讀。Eg.Youmaycomeatanytimethatisconvenienttoyou.___________________________________________________________表示數(shù)量的不定代詞(1)many______,few_______,afew_______,用以代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。(2)much______,little_______,alittle________,用以代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。(3)_______和_______表示肯定意義，_______和_______表示否定意義。(4)alotof和plentyof等短語既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。3、表示兩者和三者的不定代詞(1)表示兩者:both,either,neither(2)表示三者:all,any,none,every(3)表示肯定：both,all(4)表示否定：none,neither練一練：用以上不定代詞填空。我的父母都是醫(yī)生。__________________________________街道的兩邊都種了樹。Therearetreeson______sidesofthestreet.=Therearetreeson______sideofthestreet.他有兩個(gè)兒子，都不富有。Hehastwosons.______ofthemisrich.他有三個(gè)兒子，都不富有。Hehasthreesons.______ofthemisrich.三、復(fù)合不定代詞的用法(1)復(fù)合不定代詞somebody,something,anything,nothing,everything,everybody等是由some,any,no,every,加上body,thing構(gòu)成的,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞,在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)使用。(2)somebody,something,someone一般用于肯定句中；anything,anybody,anyone一般用于疑問句和否定句中。(3)如果要在疑問句中表示請(qǐng)求、建議等肯定的意思或者盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)時(shí)，用somebody,someone或something。(4)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞或不定式應(yīng)放在它們的后面。Eg.Hehasnothingmuchtodotoday.他今天沒有多少事情做。Lucyhasn’tanythingimportanttodo.露西沒有任何重要時(shí)做。四、疑難拓展1、few/afew/little/alittle(1)后接名詞的不同。_______和_______后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，_______和_______后接不可數(shù)名詞。Eg.Thereare_______newwordsinthetext.課文中有一些新單詞。Canyouspeak_______English?你能說一點(diǎn)英語嗎？(2)表示肯定意義和否定意義的區(qū)別。_______和________表示肯定，______和_______表示否定。Eg.Ihave________friendsthere.Ioftenplaywiththem.Thereis_______meatathome.Let’sbuysome.2、other/others/theother/anotherother表示“另一個(gè)”的意思，在句中可作主語、賓語或定語，不獨(dú)立使用，通常修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。others可獨(dú)立使用，無范圍限定。other和others前面加定冠詞the時(shí)表示特指，不加the表示泛指。Theother表示兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)，常用于句型”one…theother…”，theothers表示全部其余的人或物。Eg.Ihavetwobrothers.____isadoctor;________isateacher.Heisalwaysreadytohelp_______.Fiveofthemareintheclassroom.Whatabout_______?another(另外一個(gè)，又一個(gè))，只能代替或修飾單數(shù)名詞，可用作主語、賓語或定語，不獨(dú)立使用。前面不加冠詞。Eg.Don’tloseheart.Haveanothertry.Another后可以跟few或帶數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。Eg.Justthinkwhatourtownwillbelikeinanotherfewyears.You’dbetterstayinbedforanothertwoweeks.部分否定及完全否定Not與不定代詞all,both,every等表示全部意義的詞連用時(shí)構(gòu)成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，則需要換用none,neither,no等。練一練：翻譯下列句子。Allofthestudentslikethenovel.___________________________________Notallofthestudentslikethenovel.___________________________________Allofthestudentsdon’tlikethenovel.__________________________________Noneofthestudentslikethenovel.___________________________________all,both,each等用作同位語若用作主語同位語，主語可以是名詞或代詞；若用作賓語等其他成分的同位語，則賓語等成分必須是人稱代詞，而不能時(shí)名詞。Eg.Weallhavereadit.(all修飾的主語是代詞)Thevillageallhavebeendestroyed.(all修飾的主語是名詞)Theytoldusalltowaithere.(all修飾的賓語是代詞)one和it的區(qū)別使用(1)it指代前面的某物。Eg.Whereismypen?Ican’tfindit.(it指代前面提到的那支筆)(2)one可以指人，也可以指物。用來代替上文中提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞以及避免重復(fù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。Eg.Yourpenissonice.Iwanttobuyonelikethis.課堂演練單選。Thetwofishermensaw_______intheskywhiletheywerefishingbyariver.A.somethingstrangeB.anythingstrangeC.strangesomethingD.strangeanything2.---Is____here?---No.BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.A.anybodyB.somebodyC.everybodyD.nobody3.---Doyouwantteaorcoffee?---______.Ireallydon'tmindA.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither4.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisasoldier,_______isaworker.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.another5.Thereareshopson_____sideofthestreet.________ofthemdonotclosetill12atnight.A.both;AllB.every;NoneC.either;SomeD.other;Many6.Thereisnot___meatinmybowl.Thereis____chickeninit.A.some;anyB.any;someC.any;anyD.some;some7.Couldyoudo___forme,please?A.everythingB.nothingC.somethingD.anything8.Sorry,Ican'tansweryourquestion.Iknow____aboutthesubject.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew9.---Whichwouldyoulike,acupofteaoraglassofmilk?----____,thanks.IthinkI'lljusthaveaglassofwater.A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.Either10.Tomshookhisheadandsaidtoustherewas_____intheclassroom.A.anybodyB.nobodyC.somebodyD.everybody11.CouldIhave_____bottleofapplejuice,please?A.anotherB.otherC.somemoreD.second12.Thereare25techersinthisgrade.Eightofthemarewomenteachersand______arementeachers.A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.other13.Theywerealltired,but_____ofthemtookarest.A.noneB.allC.bothD.either14.---WehaveredandyellowT-shirts.Whichcolourdoyoulike?---I’mafraid____.IthinkbluewillbeOK.A.bothB.eitherC.neitherD.none15.---CanIcomethisafternoonotomorrowmorning?---_____isOK.I’mfreetodayandtomorrow.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None二、按要求完成句子。1.BothTomandTimaregoodatsports.（改為否定句）______Tom_____Tim______goodatsports.2.Ican’tspeakmuchEnglish.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)化）I_____speak_____English.3.Thereissomethingwrongwithhiseyes.（改為一般疑問句）___________________wrongwithhiseyes?4.Thisanswerisright.Thatanswerisalsoright（同義句轉(zhuǎn)化）______thisanswer______thatoneareright.5.Theyhaven’tvisitedthevillage.Shehasn’tvisitedthevillageeither.（連成一句）___________________________________________三、下列句子中各有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正。Itisverydifficult,andafewpeopleunderstandit.______________Toomanyworkhastobedone.______________Whynotbuyanybread?______________Anyoneknowhowtodoit.______________Thereisnotnothingwrongwiththeradio.______________家庭作業(yè)單選。Theteacheraskedtheboymanyquestions,butheonlyansewered______ofthem.A.someB.lotsC.eachD.few2.---Ineedsomethingforcuttingthepaper.---Oh,youwantaknife?OK,I’llget___foryou.A.itB.thatC.thisD.one3.TwoplacesofinteerestinBeijingarewel