計(jì)算機(jī)導(dǎo)論試卷及答案

PAGEPAGE5一、MultipleChoice單選題（每個(gè)空2分，共40分）1.TuringMachineis(C).A.theveryfirstelectroniccomputer B.thefirstgeneral-purposecomputerC.anabstractmathematicalmodel D.thefirstcommercialcomputerThetransistorwasusedtomakethemainprocessingcomponentinthehardwareinthe(B)generationofcomputer.A.first B.second C.third D.fourth3.Incomputingdisciplinewealwaysanalyseproblemsbyremovingcomplexityanddetails,leavingonlythenecessaryinformation.Thismentalthinkingwayis(D).A.engineering B.top-downdesign C.simplicity D.abstraction813isnotanumberin(C)numbersystem.A.hexadecimal B.decimal C.octal D.12-baseTheinformationinrealworldisoften(A)whilecomputercanonlyrepresent(D)information.Thisisalimitationofcomputing.A.analog B.decimal C.binary D.digital 6.Thefollowingareaudioformatsexcept(C).A.mp3 B.wav C.gif D.auEnglishisrepresentedin(D)characterset.ASCII B.Unicode C.neitherASCIInorUnicode D.eitherASCIIorUnicode8.Imagescanberepresentedin(C).raster-graphicsformat B.vector-graphicsformatC.eitherAorB D.neitherAnorBThemostfundamentaloperationsperformedbycomputerhardwareis(D).logicalfunctionssuchasNOT,ANDandORarithmeticoperationssuchasaddition,subtractionandmultiplicationinstructionssuchasload,storeandprocessonoroffofanelectricalflowIna(A)circuit,theinputvaluesexplicitlydeterminethebinational B.sequential C.S-Rlatch D.register11.SmallstorageareainCPUiscalled(A).A.registerB.memoryC.diskD.ROM12.ThevonNeumannarchitecture’stwoprimarycomponentsareits(B),whichstoresbothinstructionsanddata,anditsprocessor,whichprovidesoperationsformodifyingthecontentsofthememory.A.controlunitB.memoryC.input/outputdevicesD.secondarystoragedevices13.ImperativeprogramminglanguagesareabstractionsoftheunderlyingvonNeumanncomputerarchitecture.Thecentralfeaturesofimperativelanguagesarevariables,whichmodelthememorycells;and(A),whichmodeldatatransmittedfrommemorytotheCPU.A.assignmentstatementsB.BooleanexpressionsC.conditionalstatementsD.loopingstatements14.Object-orientedlanguageshaveanessentialingredient(B)whichenforcesinformationhiding.A.objectB.encapsulationC.inheritanceD.polymorphism15.Theconceptofprocessisdefinedasa(D)inexecution.A.applicationB.softwareC.processD.program16.(B)isthetechniqueofkeepingmultipleprogramsinmainmemoryatthesametime.A.MultimediaB.MultiprogrammingC.MultiuserD.Multiprocessor17.Ina(n)(A),responsetimeiscrucial;aminimumresponsetimeisguaranteedtotheuser.A.real-timesystemB.time-sharingsystemC.batchsystemD.operatingsystem18.Fileextensionindicates(A).filemediatype B.fileoperation C.fileprotection D.filelocation19.TheWorldWideWebisbothaninfrastructureofinformationandthenetworksoftwareusedtoaccessit.TheWebiscomprisedofwebsitesandwebpagesconnectedby(C).A.gatewaysB.URLsC.linksD.wires二、FillintheBlanks（每空2分，共20×2=40分）1.Thefundamentalquestionunderlyingallofcomputingis:Whatcanbe(efficiently)automated?2.Theplacevalueofdigit'1'in1039in13-basenumbersystemis133.3.Negativedecimalnumber-10isrepresentedas10001010in8-bitsign-magnitudebinary,andrepresentedas11110110in8-bit2'scomplement.Binaryrealnumber0.11is0.75indecimal.5.Supposealanguagecontaining200characters.Torepresentthislanguageincomputer,weneedatleast8bitstorepresenteachcharacter.TheyellowcolorisrepresentedastheRGBvalue(255,255,0).7.ThekeyprobleminrepresentingvideoinformationincomputerisCODEC/compression.8.Asforthefollowingcircuit,theBooleanexpressionoftheoutputisA·B+(A+B).WhenAis0andBis1,theoutputis1.9.Oneapproachtodevelopinganalgorithmisusingthetop-downdesignmethodologywhichbreaksaproblemupintoasetofsubproblems,thesolutionsofwhichcreateasolutiontotheoverallproblem.Thisapproachresultsinahierarchical/treestructureofmodules.InPep/7virtualcomputer,ifwewanttoloadadecimalnumber7intoAregister,theinstructionshouldbewrittenas000010000000000000000111.11.InPep/7virtualcomputer,giventhefollowingstateofmemory(inhexadecimal),0001A20002110003FF000400Aftertheexecutionoftheinstruction“000010010000000000000011”,thecontentoftheAregisterisFF00(inhexadecimal).12.Supposethatlistofcylinderrequestsis30,40,12,20,66.Assumethatthediskispositionedatcylinder20.IfShortest-Seek-Time-Firstdiskschedulingalgorithmisused,theorderinwhichtheserequestsarehandledis20,12,30,40,66.UsingthedirectorytreeshowninFigure11.4,Page372inthetextbook,assumingthecurrentworkingdirectoryisC:\WINDOWS\System,theabsolutepathofjohn.docisC:\MyDocuments\letters,andtherelativepathofjohn.docis..\..\MyDocuments\letters.Thenetworkprotocolthatbreaksmessagesintopackets,reassemblesthematthedestination,andtakescareoferrorsisTCP.Broadbandisnetworktechnologiesthatgenerallyprovidedatatransferspeedsgreaterthan128Kbps.16.WebpagesarecreatedusingHTML,alanguagethatusestagstoindicatethenatureofapieceofinformationandhowitshouldbedisplayed.EveryHTMLdocumentisinterpretedby(web)browsertobeshownasawebpage.三、ReadingComprehension（每小題2分，共2×5=10分）Broadly,allfilescanbeclassifiedaseitheratextfileorabinaryfile.InatextfilethebytesofdataareorganizedascharactersfromtheASCIIorUnicodecharactersets.Abinaryfilerequiresaspecificinterpretationofthebitsbasedontheinformationinthefile.Thetermstextfileandbinaryfilearesomewhatmisleading.Theyseemtoimplythattheinformationinatextfileisnotstoredasbinarydata.Ultimately,allinformationonacomputerisstoredasbinarydigits.Thesetermsrefertohowthosebitsareformatted:aspiecesof8or16bits,interpretedascharacters,orinsomeotherspecialformat.Someinformationlendsitselftoacharacterrepresentation,whichoftenmakesiteasierforahumantoreadandmodify.Anytexteditorcanbeusedtocreate,view,andchangethecontentsofatextfile,nomatterwhatspecifictypeofinformationitcontains.Forotherinformationtypes,itismorelogicalandefficienttorepresentdatabydefiningaspecificbinaryformatandinterpretation.Onlyprogramssetuptointerpretthattypeofdatacanbeusedtoviewormodifyit.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse?(C)AtextfilecontainsdataorganizedascharactersAtextfiledoesnotrequireinformationtointerpretitsbytesofdataAtextfileisnotstoredasbinarydataAtextfileiscomposedofpiecesof8or16bits2.Thephrase“thosebits”refersto(B)inprevioussentences.“allinformationonacomputer”“binarydigits”“theinformationinatextfile”“binarydata”3.Supposetherearetwodifferenttexteditors:“ed1”and“ed2”.Textfile“txt1”iscreatedbyed1.Then“txt1”canbeviewedandmodifiedby(C).A.only“ed1”B.only“ed2”C.either“ed1”or“ed2”D.neither“ed1”nor“ed2”4.Supposetherearetwobinaryfiles“b1”and“b2”.“b1”iscreatedbyprogram“p1”,and“b2”iscreatedbyprogram“p2”.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?(D)“p1”cannotmodify“b1”“p1”cannotmodify“b2”“p1”maynotbeabletomodify“b1”“p1”maynotbeabletomodify“b2”5.“Forotherinformationtypes,itismorelogicalandefficienttorepresentdatabydefininga