當(dāng)代研究生英語(yǔ)讀寫教程翻譯答案上、下冊(cè)

當(dāng)代研究生英語(yǔ)讀寫教程翻譯答案上、下冊(cè)【上冊(cè)】

Unit1The

possibility

of

a

real

market-style

evolution

of

governance

is

at

hand.In

cyberspace

,we'll

be

able

to

test

and

evolve

rules

governing

what

needs

to

be

governed--intellectual

property

content

and

access

control,Rules

about

privacy

and

free

speech.

Some

communities

will

allow

anyone

in;others

will

restrict

access

to

members

who

qualify

on

one

basis

or

another.Those

communities

that

prove

self-sustaining

will

prosper(and

perhaps

grow

and

split

into

subsets

with

ever-more-particular

interests

and

identities).Those

that

can't

survive-either

because

people

lose

interest

or

get

scared

off--will

simply

wither

away.

譯：一種真正的市場(chǎng)型管理模式很快成為可能。在信息空間，我們將能夠檢驗(yàn)并完善所需要的管理制度----知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度、服務(wù)內(nèi)容與使用權(quán)的控制制度、個(gè)人隱私權(quán)與自由言論制度等。有些群體允許任何人加入，而有些則只允許符合這樣或那樣條件的人加入。能夠自持的群體會(huì)興旺發(fā)展（或許也會(huì)因?yàn)橹救づc身份日趨特殊，而發(fā)展成為幾個(gè)分支）。有些群體或因?yàn)槌蓡T失去興趣，或因?yàn)槌蓡T被嚇跑而不能幸存下來(lái)，他們將漸漸萎縮消亡。

Unit2Once

the

problem

is

understood,improvement

comes

naturally.Women

who

feel

abandoned

and

deprived

when

their

husbands

won't

listen

to

or

report

daily

news

may

be

happy

to

discover

their

husbands

trying

to

adapt

once

they

understand

the

place

of

small

talk

in

women's

relation-ships.

But

if

their

husbands

don't

adapt,the

women

may

still

be

comforted

that

for

men,this

is

not

a

failure

of

intimacy.Accepting

the

difference,

the

wives

may

look

to

their

friends

or

family

for

that

kind

of

talk.And

husbands

who

can't

provide

it

shouldn't

feel

their

wives

have

made

unreasonable

demands.

Some

couples

will

still

decide

to

divorce,

but

at

least

their

decisions

will

be

based

on

realistic

expectations.

譯：一旦問(wèn)題得到理解，情況自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不傾聽(tīng)或不談?wù)撁刻彀l(fā)生的事情而感到被遺棄、感到喪失生活樂(lè)趣的女性會(huì)高興的發(fā)現(xiàn)，她們的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的談話在女性關(guān)系中的地位后，正努力地在適應(yīng)。如果丈夫不適應(yīng)，妻子仍然能夠得到安慰，因?yàn)樗溃瑢?duì)男人來(lái)說(shuō)，這不是不親密的表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)妻子接受了男女存在區(qū)別這一事實(shí)后，便會(huì)去找自己的朋友或家人說(shuō)一說(shuō)話。那些不能夠給予妻子談話快樂(lè)的丈夫，也不應(yīng)該覺(jué)得妻子提出了無(wú)理要求。仍然會(huì)有一些夫妻決定離婚，但起碼他們的決定是建立在比較現(xiàn)實(shí)的期望基礎(chǔ)上的。Unit4Theflowofnoveltiesinvocabulary,inidiom,eveninpronunciation,isnowoverwhelminglyeastward.WeseldomborrowanEnglishwordorphraseanymore,thoughweusedtoborrowmany;buttheEnglishtakeinourinventionsalmostasfastaswecanlaunchthem.TheAmericanmovie,Isuppose,islargelyresponsibleforthischange,butthereareunquestionablydeepercausestoo.Englishisstillabittight,abitstiff,morethanalittleartificial.ButAmericanhasgoneondevelopingwithalmostElizabethanprodigality.Alltheprocessesofword-forma-tionthatwereinoperationinShakespeare'sEnglandarestilloperationhere,andtheyproduceasteadystreamofneologismsthathewouldhaverelishedasjoyfullyasherelishedthenoveltiesactuallyproducedinhistime.譯：新詞匯、新習(xí)語(yǔ)、甚至新發(fā)音都以無(wú)法抗拒的勢(shì)力源源不斷傳入東方。從前我們常常借用很多英語(yǔ)詞或短語(yǔ)，但現(xiàn)在很少這樣做。但英語(yǔ)卻吸納我們創(chuàng)造的詞，我們創(chuàng)造有多快，其吸納的速度幾乎就有多快。我認(rèn)為，美國(guó)電影固然對(duì)這一變化起了很大作用，但毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，還有更深刻的原因。英語(yǔ)依然有點(diǎn)太嚴(yán)格、有點(diǎn)僵硬，且過(guò)于矯揉造作。而美語(yǔ)的發(fā)展卻像伊麗莎白時(shí)代一樣繁榮。所有那些在英國(guó)莎士比亞時(shí)代應(yīng)用的構(gòu)詞方法，現(xiàn)在依然在美國(guó)應(yīng)用著，新詞源源不斷產(chǎn)生。如果莎翁健在，這些新詞一定會(huì)使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的時(shí)代產(chǎn)生的新詞使他欣喜若狂一樣。Unit5Thegoalofscienceistofindouthowtheworldworks,toseekwhatregularitiestheremaybe,topenetratetotheconnectionsofthings–fromsubnuclearparticles,whichmaybetheconstituentsofallmatter,tolivingorganisms,thehumansocialcommunity,andthencetothecosmosasawhole.譯：科學(xué)的目的是弄清世界的運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)，尋求其間可能存在的規(guī)律，洞察事物之間的聯(lián)系——從構(gòu)成一切物質(zhì)的亞核粒子，到生物有機(jī)體，人類社會(huì)群體，以至整個(gè)宇宙。2、Everyculturehasposedsuchquestionsinonewayoranother.Almostalwaystheproposedanswersareinthenatureof―JustSoStories‖,attemptedexplanationsdivorcedfromexperiment,orevenfromcarefulcomparativeobservations.翻譯：世界上每一文化群體都以這樣或那樣的方式提出過(guò)這寫問(wèn)題。所提供的答案幾乎都帶有’就那么回事’的性質(zhì)，這些常識(shí)性的解釋總是脫離實(shí)驗(yàn)，甚至沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)細(xì)心的比較觀察。3、Topenetrateintotheheartofthething-evenalittlething,abladeofgrass,asWaltWhitmansaid-istoexperienceakindofexhilarationthat,itmaybe,onlyhumanbeingsofallthebeingsonthisplanetcanfeel.譯：要透徹的領(lǐng)悟一件事物，哪怕是一件很小的東西——比如惠特曼所說(shuō)的一片樹葉，也會(huì)經(jīng)歷一種喜悅，這種喜悅，在整個(gè)世界的所有生靈中只有人類才能感受到。4、Andsometimeswehearpronouncementsfromscientistswhoconfidentlystatethateverythingworthknowingwillsoonbeknown-orevenisalreadyknown-andwhopaintpicturesofaDionysianorPolynesianageinwhichthezestforintellectualdiscoveryhaswithered,tobereplacedbyakindofsubduedlanguor,thelotus-eatersdrinkingfermentedcoconutmilkorsomeothermildhallucinogen..譯：有時(shí)我們聽(tīng)到一些科學(xué)家發(fā)表的宣言，他們充滿欣喜的宣稱，每一件值得弄清的事物都會(huì)很快為大家所知，或者說(shuō)有些已經(jīng)眾所周知。他們描繪的是迪奧尼修斯和波利尼西亞時(shí)代的圖畫，在這些畫中，人們對(duì)知識(shí)探索的熱情已經(jīng)減退，取而代之的是一種被征服的懶惰，成了引用發(fā)酵椰子汁和其他一些溫和迷幻劑的安逸度日者。5、Ifwecouldshrinkourselvesintothiscrystallineworld,wecouldseerankuponrankofatomsinanorderedarray,aregularlyalternatingstructure-sodium,,chlorine,sodiumchlorine,specifyingthesheetofatomswearestandingonandallthesheetsaboveusandbelowus.譯：如果我們可以縮小身體進(jìn)入這個(gè)晶體世界，我們可以看見(jiàn)一排排原子形成有序的點(diǎn)陣，呈一種有規(guī)律的交替結(jié)構(gòu)——鈉原子、氯原子、氯化鈉原子，這些點(diǎn)陣精確的勾畫出我們所站的這一層原子以及我們頭上、頭下的所有原子層的示意圖。Unit6Jackwasthinkingaboutthisfreedomofhissomuchthatwhenheglimpseditsgreenlighthejustwentaheadandstaredbye-byetothesteadilyemployed.Whenheturnedhisheadthesamedirectionhiswindshieldfaced,itwasmaybeonesecondtoolate.Hepouncedthebrakepedalandsteeredthefrontwheelsawayfromthetinybrake-lightsbutthesmackwasunavoidable.Justonesecondsooneranditwouldonlyhavebeenclose.Onesecondmoreandhe’dbecrawlinguptheToyota’strunk.Asitwas,itseemedlikeonlyaharmlesssmack,muchlesssolidthantheoneagainsthisbackbumper.譯：杰克正想入非非時(shí)，瞥見(jiàn)綠燈亮了，他只顧開動(dòng)汽車，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再見(jiàn)。當(dāng)他扭過(guò)頭來(lái)，面對(duì)前方時(shí)，已經(jīng)晚了一秒鐘。他猛地一下踩住剎車，調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)方向，以避免撞上前面那輛車上小小的剎車紅燈，但還是砰然一聲裝上了。如果他動(dòng)作再快一秒鐘，也許只會(huì)離這輛車很近，不會(huì)撞上。如果再晚一秒鐘，他的車就會(huì)爬上這輛豐田車的行李箱。實(shí)際上，他好像沒(méi)有把前面的車撞壞，而后面的車撞上了他車后部的保險(xiǎn)杠，那一撞卻嚴(yán)重多了。Unit81.Thefirstwaveinvolvedtangibleproducts-"hardware",asopposedtothecomputerprogramsthatconstitutesoftware.Inthe1960sand1970scompaniesintheSantaClaraValley,betweenSanJoseandSanFrancisco,producedsiliconmemorychipsforcomputers-thusthenameSiliconValley.譯：第一次浪潮涉及有形產(chǎn)品——硬件，它與構(gòu)成軟件的計(jì)算機(jī)程序相對(duì)而言。本世紀(jì)六七十年代，圣何塞和舊金山地帶的圣克拉拉谷的一些公司為計(jì)算"Thesecondwaveofwealthcreationinvolvedsoftware-"application"softwarethatpeopleuseforworkorrecreation,likeword-processingprogramsorcomputergames,and"systems"softwareusedtorunbusinessesor,veryoften,computernetworksthemselves.譯：財(cái)富形成的第二次浪潮涉及軟件——包括人們用于工作或娛樂(lè)的“應(yīng)用”軟件，就像文字處理程序或者計(jì)算機(jī)游戲之類，以及用于管理業(yè)務(wù)和計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)自身運(yùn)行的“系統(tǒng)”軟件。Butboththehardwareandthesoftwarerevolutionswere,intheirwealth-creatingeffects,slowtoemergecomparedtowhatisunderwaynowbecauseoftheInternet.Lessthantenyearsago,TimBerners-Lee,aBritishphysicistworkingattheresearchcenterCERNinGeneva,inventedaschemeforlinkingdateonaparticularsubject,orseriesofsubjects,thatwerestoredondifferentcomputersindifferentplaces.譯：但是無(wú)論是硬件革命還是軟件革命，與現(xiàn)在因特網(wǎng)上所發(fā)生的情況相比，其財(cái)富創(chuàng)造的影響力都顯得非常緩慢。短短數(shù)年之前，在日內(nèi)瓦CERN研究中心工作的英國(guó)物理學(xué)家TimBerners-Lee發(fā)明了一種方案，用以連接與某一主題或一系列主題相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)貯存在各地各種不同的計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)。4.Theonlineauctionsitee-Bayisalsoprofitable,becauseitchargesacommissioneachtimebuyersandsellersconcludeadealonsite.Butmostoftoday'sInternetcompanieshavesubstantialshort-termlosses,whichstockmarketinvestorstypicallyassumewillturnintoprofitsinsomenever-quitearriving"YearThree"ofthebusinessplan.譯：e—Bay網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的在線拍賣同樣有利可圖，因?yàn)樗颗馁u一次都要向買賣雙方收取一定的傭金。但是如今大多數(shù)國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司都承受著重大的短期損失，證券市場(chǎng)控資者通常認(rèn)為這種損失會(huì)在商業(yè)計(jì)劃里某個(gè)似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)到來(lái)的“第三年”中轉(zhuǎn)為盈利。5.Thinastheserationalesforprofitabilitymanyultimatelyprovetobe,sofarthey'vebeensufficienttomakemanypeopleveryrich.Virtuallyallofthiswealthconsistsoftech-companystock,andtenyearsfromnowsomeormuchofitmayhavemeltedaway.譯：盡管上述這些獲利的基本模式最終將被證明是站不住腳的，但到目前為之，它們卻足以使很多人十分富有。實(shí)際上所有這些財(cái)富都是由技術(shù)公司股組成的，在今后10年中，其中的一些股份或大多數(shù)股份會(huì)逐漸散失?！鞠聝?cè)】Unit1Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtlechangesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisourperceptionoftime—dowehaveplentyofit,orarewebeginningtofeelthattimeisrunningout?Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.Thesearethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeaction.譯文：在這些變化和轉(zhuǎn)折中，我們對(duì)生活方式的看法要經(jīng)歷四個(gè)感知方面的微妙的變化：第一，在內(nèi)心中對(duì)自己和他人的看法；第二，當(dāng)生活的各種威脅而所具有的安全感；第三，是我們對(duì)時(shí)間的認(rèn)識(shí)，是感到來(lái)日方長(zhǎng)，還是開始感到時(shí)日無(wú)多？最后是對(duì)自己的精力活力的直覺(jué)意識(shí)，是感到精力充沛，還是感到力不從心？這些都是在我們內(nèi)心里產(chǎn)生的若明若暗的感覺(jué)，它們構(gòu)成了我們生活的基調(diào)，影響著我們采取行動(dòng)的種種決定。（2）Thetasksofthispassageareoftolocateourselvesinapeergrouprole,asexrole,ananticipatedoccupation,anideologyorworldview.Asaresult,wegathertheimpetustoleavehomephysicallyandtheidentitytobeginleavinghomeemotionally.譯文：人生這一階段的任務(wù)是，在同齡人中，在性別角色中，在期望的職業(yè)中，以及在思想意識(shí)和世界觀方面確立的位置。這樣，我們既有了離家獨(dú)立的動(dòng)力，也有了離家獨(dú)立的心理準(zhǔn)備。Buoyedbypowerfulillusionsandbeliefinthepowerofthewill,wecommonlyinsistinourtwentiesthatwhatwehavechosentodoistheonetruecourseinlife.Ourbacksgoupatthemeresthintthatwearelikeourparents,thattwodecadesofparentaltrainingmightbereflectedinourcurrentactionsandattitudes.譯文：由于幻想的鼓舞和支持以及對(duì)自己的意志充滿信心，我們?cè)诙畮讱q時(shí)普遍認(rèn)定自己所選擇的道路是人生真正的事業(yè)所在。如果有人說(shuō)我們很像自己的父母，說(shuō)我們的言行舉止是父母二十多年來(lái)教育和熏陶的結(jié)果，我們會(huì)很不高興。Unit

6From

popping

the

question

to

popping

the

pill

(1)

Courtship

both

preceded

the

announcement

of

an

engagement

and

followed

the

announcement,

although

a

broken

engagement

was

so

serious

that

it

could

be

expected

to

throw

the

girl

into

a

depression

from

which

she

might

never

recover.

人們一般是先戀愛(ài)后訂婚，但也有先訂婚后戀愛(ài)的。不過(guò)，訂了婚再后悔是很糟糕的事，

這會(huì)把一個(gè)姑娘推向痛苦的深淵而永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法解脫。

(2)

Gifts

had

to

be

either

immediately

consumable,

like

candy

or

flowers,

or

indestructible,

like

diamonds—which

could

be

give