醫(yī)學專業(yè)英語詞匯-CombiningForm-詞根-詞綴

CombiningForm

Meaning

Example(Definition)

aden/o

gland

adenopathy(glanddisease

carcin/o

cancer

carcinoma(canceroustumor)

cardi/o

heart

cardiac(pertainingtotheheart)

chem/o

chemical

chemotherapy(treatmentwithchemicals

cis/o

tocut

incision(processofcuttinginto)

dermat/o

skin

dermatology(studyoftheskin)

enter/o

smallintestines

pertainingtothesmallintestines

gastr/o

stomach

gastric(pertainingtothestomach)

gynec/o

female

gynecology(studyoffemales)

hemat/o

blood

pertainingtotheblood

hydr/o

water

hydrocele(protrusionofwater)

immune/o

immune

immunology(studyofimmunity)

laryng/o

voicebox

laryngeal(pertainingtothevoicebox)

morph/o

shape

morphology(studyofshape)

nephr/o

kidney

nephromegaly(enlargedkidney)

neur/o

nerve

neural(pertainingtoanerve)

ophthalm/o

eye

ophthalmic(pertainingtotheeye)

ot/o

ear

otic(pertainingtotheear)

path/o

disease

pathology(studyofdisease)

pulmon/o

lung

pulmonary(pertainingtothelungs)

rhin/o

nose

rhinoplasty(surgicalrepairofthenose)

ur/o

urine,urinarytract

urology(studyoftheurinarytract)

CommonPrefixes

Prefix

Meaning

Example(Definition)

a-

without,awayfrom

aphasia(withoutspeech)

an-

without

anoxia(withoutoxygen)

ante

before,infrontof

antepartum(beforebirth)

anti-

against

antibiotic(againstlife)

auto-

self

autograft(agraftfromone’sownbody)

brady-

slow

bradycardia(slowheartbeat)

dys-

painful,difficult

dyspnea(painfulbreathing)

endo-

within,inner

endoscope(instrumenttoviewwithin)

epi-

upon,over

epigastric(uponoroverthestomach)

eu-

normal,good

eupnea(normalbreathing)

hetero-

different

heterograft(agraftfromanotherperson’sbody)

homo-

same

homozygous(havingtwoidenticalgenes)

hydro-

water

hydrotherapy(watertherapy)

hyper-

over,above

hypertrophy(overdevelopment)

hypo-

under,below

hypoglossal(underthetongue)

infra-

under,beneath,below

infraorbital(below,undertheeyesocket)

inter-

among,between

intervertebral(betweenthevertebrae)

intra-

within,inside

intravenous(inside,withinavein)

macro-

large

macrocephalic(havingalargehead)

micro-

small

microcephalic(havingasmallhead)

neo-

new

neonate(newborn)

pan-

all

pancarditis(inflammationofalltheheart)

para-

beside,beyond,near

paranasal(nearoralongsidethenose)

per-

through

percutaneous(throughtheskin)

peri-

around

pericardial(aroundtheheart)

post-

after

postpartum(afterbirth)

pre-

before,infrontof

prefrontal(infrontofthefrontalbone)

pseudo-

false

pseudocyesis(falsepregnancy)

retro-

backward,behind

retrograde(movementinabackwardsdirection)

sub-

below,under

subcutaneous(under,belowtheskin)

super-

above,excess

supernumerary(abovethenormalnumber)

supra-

above

suprapubic(abovethepubicbone)

tachy-

rapid,fast

tachycardia(fastheartbeat)

trans-

through,across

transurethral(acrosstheurethra)

ultra-

beyond,excess

ultrasound(high-frequencysoundwaves)

NumberPrefixes

Prefix

Meaning

Example(Definition)

bi-

two

bilateral(twosides)

di-

two

diplegic(paralysisoftwoextremities)

hemi-

half

hemiplegia(paralysisofonesideofthebody)

mono-

one

monoplegia(paralysisofoneextremity)

multi-

many

multigravida(womanpregnantmorethanonce)

nulli-

none

nulligravida(womanwithnopregnancies)

poly-

many

polyuria(largeamountsofurine)

quad-

four

quadriplegia(paralysisofallfourextremities)

semi-

partial,half

semiconscious(partiallyconscious)

tri-

three

triceps(musclewiththreeheads)

uni-

one

unilateral(oneside)

CommonSuffixes

Suffix

Meaning

Example(Definition)

-algia

pain

gastralgia(stomachpain)

-cele

hernia,protrusion

cystocele(protrusionofthebladder)

-cise

cut

excise(tocutout)

-dynia

pain

cardiodynia(heartpain)

-ectasis

dilatation

bronchiectasis(dilatedbronchi)

-ectopia

displacement

corectopia(pupiloftheeyenotcentered)

--gen

thatwhichproduces

mutagen(thatwhichproducesmutations)

-genesis

produces,generates

osteogenesis(producesbone)

-genic

producing

carcinogenic(producingcancer)

-ia

state,condition

hemiplegia(conditionofbeinghalfparalyzed)

-iasis

abnormalcondition

lithiasis(abnormalconditionofstones)

-ism

stateof

hypothyroidism(stateoflowthyroid)

-itis

imflammation

cellulitis(inflammationofcells)

-logist

onewhostudies

cardiologist(onewhostudiestheheart)

-logy

studyof

cardiology(studyoftheheart)

-lysis

destruction

osteolysis(bonedestruction)

-malacia

abnormalsoftening

chondromalacia(abnormalcartilagesoftening)

-megaly

enlargement,large

cardiomegaly(enlargedheart)

-oma

tumor,mass

carcinoma(canceroustumor)

-osis

abnormalcondition

cyanosis(abnormalconditionofbeingblue)

-pathy

disease

myopathy(muscledisease)

-plasia

development,growth

dysplasia(abnormaldevelopment)

-plasm

formation,development

neoplasm(newformation)

-ptosis

drooping

proctoptosis(droopingrectum)

-rrhage

excessive,abnormalflow

hemorrhage(excessivebleeding)

-rrhea

discharge,flow

rhinorrhea(dischargefromthenose)

-rrhexis

rupture

hysterorrhexis(ruptureduterus)

-sclerosis

hardening

arteriosclerosis(hardeningofanartery)

-stenosis

narrowing

angiostenosis(narrowingofavessel)

-therapy

treatment

chemotherapy(treatmentwithchemicals)

-trophy

nourishment,development

hypertrophy(excessivedevelopment)

-uria

conditionoftheurine

hematuria(bloodintheurine)

SurgicalSuffixes

Suffix

Meaning

Example(Definition)

-centesis

puncturetowithdrawfluid

arthrocentesis(puncturetowithdrawfluidfromajoint)

-ectomy

surgicalremoval

gastrectomy(surgicallyremovethestomach)

-ostomy

surgicallycreateanopening

colostomy(surgicallycreateanopeningforthecolonthroughtheabdominalwall)

-otomy

cuttinginto

thoracotomy(cuttingintothechest)

-pexy

surgicalfixation

nephropexy(surgicalfixationofakidney)

-plasty

surgicalrepair

dermatoplasty(surgicalrepairoftheskin)

-rrhaphy

suture

myorrhaphy(suturetogethermuscle)

ProceduralSuffixes

Suffix

Meaning

Example(Definition)

-gram

recordorpicture

electrocardiogram(recordofheart’selectricity)

-graph

instrumentforrecording

electrocardiograph(instrumentforrecordingtheheart’selectricalactivity)

-graphy

processofrecording

electrocardiography(processofrecordingtheheart’selectricalactivity)

-meter

instrumentformeasuring

audiometer(instrumenttomeasurehearing)

-metry

processofmeasuring

audiometry(processofmeasuringhearing)

-scope

instrumentforviewing

gastroscope(instrumenttoviewstomach)

-scopy

processofvisuallyexamining

gastroscopy(processofvisuallyexaminingthestomach)

CombiningFormsCommonlyUsedinIntegumentarySystem

CombiningformMeaningExample

adip/o fat adipose

albin/o white albinism

caus/o burn,burning causalgia

cutane/o skin subcutaneous

derm/o skin epidermis

dermat/o skin dermatitis

disphor/o profusesweating diaphoresis

hidr/o sweat anhidrosis

ichthy/o scaly,dry ichthyosis

kerat/o hard,hornytissue keratosis

leuk/o white leukoplakia

lip/o fat lipoma

melan/o black melanocyte

myc/o fungus dermatomycosis

onych/o nail onycholysis

pil/o hair pilosebaceous

rhytid/o wrinkle rhytidoplasty

seb/o oil seborrhea

trich/o hair trichomycosis

xanth/o yellow xanthoma

SuffixesCommonlyUsedinThisSystem

Suffix Meaning Example

-derma skin scleroderma

-opsy viewof biopsy

-plakiaaplate leukoplakia

-tome instrumentusedtocut dermatome

CombiningFormsCommonlyUsedinMusculoskeletalSystem

CombiningformMeaningExample

arthr/o jointarthrocentesis

articul/o joint articulation

burs/o sacbursitis

chondr/o cartilage chondroplasty

cost/o rib costectomy

crani/o skull craniotomy

myel/o bonemarrow myelitis

orth/o straight orthopedics

oste/o bone osteoporosis

spondyl/o vertebra,backbone spondylarthritis

thorac/o chest thoracic

vertebr/o vertebra,backbone intervertebral

fasci/o fascia fasciorrhaphy

my/o muscle electromyogram

ten/o tendon tenodynia

tend/o tendon tendotomy

tendin/o tendon tendinitis

SuffixesCommonlyUsedinThisSystem

SuffixMeaningExample

-kinesia movement dyskinesia

-porosis porous osteoporosis

-trophy development hypertrophy

-malacia abnormalsoftening osteomalacia

Combiningform

Meaning

Example

angi/o

vessel

angioplasty

aort/o

aorta

aorticstenosis

arter/o,arteri/o

artery

arteriosclerosis

ather/o

yellowishplaque,fattysubstance

atherosclerosis

atri/o

atrium,upperheartchamber

atrioventricular

cardi/o

heart

cardiomyopathy

cholesterol/o

cholesterol

hypercholesterolemia

corn/o

heart

coronaryarteries

cyan/o

blue

cyanosis

ox/o

oxygen

hypoxia

pericardi/o

pericardium

pericardiocentesis

phleb/o

vein

phlebotomy

rrhythm/o

rhythm

arrhythmia

sphygm/o

pulse

sphygmomanometer

steth/o

chest

stethoscope

thromb/o

clot

thrombolysis

valvul/o,valv/o

valve

valvuloplasty

vas/o

vessel

vasoconstriction

vascul/o

vessel

vascular

ven/o

vein

venous

ventricul/o

ventricle,lowerheartchamber

ventriculotomy

PrefixesRelatingtotheCardiovascularSystem

Prefix

Meaning

Example

brady-

slow

bradycardia

tachy-

fast

tachycardia

SuffixesRelatingtotheCardiovascularSystem

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-manometer

Instrumenttomeasurepressure

sphygmomanometer

-ole

small

arteriole

-sclerosis

hardening

arteriosclerosis

-stenosis

narrowing

angiostenosis

-tension

pressure

hypotension

-ule

small

venule

CombiningFormsCommonlyUsedinThisSystem

CombiningformMeaningExample

adenoid/oadenoidsadenoidectomy

alveol/oalveolus;airsacalveolar

bronch/obronchusbronchoscope

bronchi/obronchusbronchiectasis

bronchiol/obronchiole,smallbronchiolitis

Bronchus

capn/ocarbondioxideacapnia

epiglott/oepiglottisepiglottitis

laryng/olarynx,voiceboxlaryngospasm

lob/olobelobectomy

muc/omucusmucus

nas/onosenasopharynx

ox/ooxygenanoxia

pharyng/opharynxpharyngealtonsils

pleur/opleurapleurocentesis

pneum/oair,lungpneumothorax

pneumon/o

pulmon/olungpulmonology

rhin/onoserhinorrhagia

sinus/osinus,cavitypansinusitis

spir/obreathingspirometer

tonsill/otonsilstonsillectomy

trache/otrachea,windpipetracheotomy

thorac/ochestthoracalgia

SuffixesCommonlyUsedinThisSystem

SuffixesMeaningExample

-capniacarbondioxidehypercapnia

-ectasisstretchingout,dilatation,bronchiectasis

expansion

-emiabloodconditionhypoxemia

-oxiaoxygenanoxia

-pneabreathingdyspnea

Chapter7Digestivesystem

Combiningformsrelatingtothedigestivesystem

Combiningforms Meaning Example

an/o anus anus

append/o,appendic/oappendix appendectomy

bucc/o cheek buccolabial

cec/o cecum ileocecal

cheil/o,labi/o lip cheilorrhaphy

chol/e bile,gall cholelithiasis

cholangi/o bileduct cholangiotomy

cholecyst/o gallbladder cholecystogram

choledoch/o commonbileduct choledochectomy

col/o,colon/ocolon colectomy

dent/o,odont/otooth orthodontics

enter/o smallintestine enteritis

gastr/o stomach gastrodynia

gingiv/o gums gingivectomy

gloss/o tongue hypoglossal

hepat/o liver hepatitis

lapar/o abdomen laparotomy

lingu/o tongue sublingual

lith/o stone lithotripsy

or/omouth oropharynx

palat/o palate palatine

pancreat/o pancreas pancreatitis

pharyng/o pharynx pharyngodynia

proct/o anusandrectum proctoptosis

rect/o rectum rectalgia

sial/o salivarygland sialolith

stomat/o mouth stomatology

Suffixesrelatingtothedigestivesystem

Suffix Meaning Example

-emisis vomit hematemesis

-lithiasis conditionofstones cholelithiasis

-orexia appetite anorexia

-ostomy surgicallycreatinganopening colostomy

-pepsia digestion dyspepsia

-phagia eat,swallow polyphagia

-prandial pertaingtoameal postprandial

-tripsy surgicalcrushing lithotripsy

Chapter8UrinarySystem

Combiningform

albumin/o

azot/o

cyst/o

glomerul/o

glycos/o

lith/o

meat/o

nephr/o

noct/i

pyel/o

ren/o

ur/o

ureter/o

urethr/o

urin/o

vesic/o

Meaning

albumin

nitrogen

bladder

glomerulus

sugar,glucose

stone

meatus

kidney

night

renalpelvis

kidney

urine

ureter,urinarytube

urethra

urine

bladder

Example

albuminuria

azotemia

cystitis

glomerulonephritis

glycosuria

lithotripsy

meatorrhaphy

nephromalacia

nocturia

pyelogram

renaltransplant

uremia

ureterectasia

urethrostenosis

urinalysis

vesicorectal

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-lith

stone

nephrolith

-ptosis

drooping

nephroptosis

-tripsy

surgicalcrushing

lithotripsy

-uria

urine,urination

hematuria

Chapter9ReproductiveSystem

CombiningFormsRelatingtotheReproductiveSystem

Combiningform

Meaning

Combiningform

Meaning

amni/o

amnion

metr/o

uterus

andr/o

male

nat/o

birth

balan/o

glanspenis

o/o

egg

cervic/o

neck,cervix

omphal/o

navel,umbilicus

chori/o

chorion

oophor/o

ovary

colp/o

vagina

orchi/o,orchid/o

testes

crypt/o

hidden

ov/o

egg

culd/o

cul-de-sacembry

ovari/o

ovary

embry/o

embryo

part/o

childbirth

epididym/o

epididymis

perine/o

perineum

episi/o

vulva

prostat/o

prostate

fet/o

fetus

salping/o

fallopiantubes,uterinetubes

gynec/o

woman,female

spermat/o

sperm

hydr/o

water,fluid

test/o,testicul/o

testes

hymen/o

hymen

uter/o

uterus

hyster/o

uterus

vagin/o

vagina

lact/o

milk

varic/o

varicoseveins

mamm/o

breast

vas/o

vasdeferens

mast/o

breast

vesicul/o

seminalvesicle

men/o

menses,menstruation

vulv/o

vulva

SuffixesRelatingtotheReproductiveSystem

Prefix

Meaning

Example

-arche

beginning

menarche

-cyesis

stateofpregnancy

pseudocyesis

-genesis

produces,generates

spermatogenesis

-gravida

pregnancy

multigravida

-para

tobear(offspring)

nullipara

-salpinx

fallopiantube

pyosalpinx

-spermia

conditionofsperm

oligospermia

-tocia

labor,childbirth

dystocia

Chapter10EndocrineSystem

WordBuildingRelatingtotheEndocrineSystem

CombiningForm

Meaning

Example

aden/o

gland

adenoma

adren/o

adrenalgland

adrenomegaly

adrenopathy

adrenal/o

adrenalgland

adrenalectomy

adrenalitis

calc/o

calcium

hypercalcemia

hypocalcemia

crin/o

secrete

endocrinology

endocrinopathy

andr/o

male

androgen

estr/o

female

estrogen

glyc/o

sugar

hyperglycemia

hypoglycemia

kal/i

potassium

hyperkalemia

natr/o

sodium

hyponatremia

thyr/o

thyroid

thyromegaly

thyrotoxicosis

thyroid/o

thyroid

thyroidectomy

hyperthyroidism

hypothyroidism

parathyroid/o

parathyroidgland

parathyroidectomy

parathyroidoma

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-dipsia

thirst

polydipsia

-uria

urine

polyuria

glycosuria

Chapter11NervousSystem

CombiningFormsCommonlyUsedinNervousSystem

CombiningForm

Meaning

Example

cephal/o

head

cephalalgia

cerebell/o

cerebellum

cerebellarcerebellitiis

cerebr/o

cerebrum

cerebralcerebrospinal

encephal/o

brain

encephalomalacia

gli/o

glue

glioneuroma

medull/o

medulla

medulloadrenal

mening/o

meninges

meningitismyelomeningocele

meningi/o

meninges

meningioma

myel/o

spinalcord

poliomyelitis

narc/o

stupor

narcohypnosis

neur/o

nerve

neurectomyneuroma

phas/o

speech

aphas