中國的生命科學(xué)主要是中醫(yī)學(xué)（Chinese life science is mainly traditional Chinese Medicine）

中國的生命科學(xué)主要是中醫(yī)學(xué)(Chineselifescienceismainly

traditionalChineseMedicine)

ChineselifescienceismainlytraditionalChineseMedicine

Coreprompt

Howlongisthehistoryofmankind?About4millionyears.The

scienceofhumanscienceandresearchbiologyiscalledlife

science,andtherecordedtimeisthreethousandyears.

Beforethebeginningof1000BC,thewesternworldbeganto

studylifesciences;thelifesciencesinChinaweremainly

traditionalChinesemedicine.

Intheprocessofdevelopment,theformationofChineseand

foreignmedicalscissors.

Weshouldseizethepresentgoodsituation,usephilosophical

thinking,frommicrotomacro,inthenearfuture,striveto

catchupwiththewesternworldoflifescience.

Inaverylongtimeago,theuniversehadacollision,theearth

wasscorchedearth,thereisnolife.About3billion800

millionyearsago,therewasasubstanceonearth,phosphorus.

Thebasicsubstancethatconstituteshumanlifeneeds

phosphorus.Withphosphorus,lifebegins.Ittookanother300

millionyears,and3billion500millionyearsago,therewere

bigmoleculesontheearth.Withthesebigmolecules,lifeis

gettingcloserandcloser.Howlonghasthehistoryofmankind

been?About4millionyears.Thescienceofhumanscienceand

researchbiologyiscalledlifescience,andtherecordedtime

is3000years.

Inthemiddleof3000years,whathumanbeingshavedoneto

biology?Istartedabouttenyearsago,andspenttenyears

doingalotofresearchandresearchinthisarea.Iwasengaged

indigestivediseasesresearch,andlaterbecameVicePresident

andprincipal,anddeepenedthecollectionandresearchoflife

science.Itisnotenoughforprincipalstounderstandthe

digestionfield,andtoleadthewholeschooldevelopment,we

mustbemorecomprehensive.Howtolead?I'mgoingtolearnand

think.There'sashortcuttosummarizinghistory.Human

developmentisnow,inmanycases,repeatinghistory.

Today,I'mgoingtodothisreport,3000yearsoflifescience,

andrmgoingtodividethe3000yearsintofourstages.

ThreeteamsinancientGreeceandthreebooksinChina

Let'sstartwiththefirststage.In1300,Greecewasthemain

foreigncountry,andthewesternworldbegantostudylife

science.Therewerealotofpeopleandstuffduringthisperiod,

soyoujustrememberthatthethreeWesternteamsareenough.

ThefirstteamisTellesandhisapprenticeapprentice,

AnaximanderAnaximanderofthethreeanaximenes.Themain

contributionofthesethreegenerationsistocompletelysum

upandsummarizethecosmicphenomena,andtolinkthe

compositionoftheuniverse,thecompositionoftheearthand

theoriginoflife.

Suchobservationsandwaysofthinkinginspiredmanyscientists.

Telleslookedattheskywhilehewalkedandfellintoabig

pit.Thereisnoonearoundtosavehim,wesayheis"limited

outlook"sittingcraterday”,onthreedays.Weseetheday

whatisinvisible,hecannotsee,seethenexteelipsewill

appearatwhattime,seethenextyearwillbegoodweather,

bumperolive.Whenhewasrescued,heboughtalltheoliveoil

aroundthehousewithonlyalittlemoneyinhisfamily.Second

yearsofoliveharvest,wehavetorenthisvirginoliveoil,

hemadeafortune.Sowereallytastedthesweetnessof“science

andtechnologyisthefirstproductiveforce”.

Thesecondteamconsistedoffourpeople,Aristotle,hismaster

Platon,hisapprentice,andhisapprentice.Themain

contributionoftheteamistolinkthechangesoftheuniverse

withsomebasicphenomenaofhumanbeings.Platonwasa

philosopher.Hewasalifescientistinancienttimes.Hemade

alotofcontribution,thebiggestcontributionistorunthe

school,theschoollastedfor900years,manypeoplecrowded,

lesstimeonlyonestudentisAristotle.Aristotlealsohasa

lotofcontributions,includingplant,animaltaxonomy,and

philosophy.Hehasmadeagreatcontributiontogenetics,and

someofhisviewshavenotbeenconfirmedorpartiallyverified.

Thethirdteamisledbygalen.GalenistheancientWestern

medicine,hisunderstandingofthenaturalandhumandisease

associated.

Galenbeganwritingattheageof13,wrote256books,including

131books.Histheoryanddiscoveryruledmedicineandlife

scienceformorethan1000years,andevenlaterfoundthathe

waswrong,andalsoregardedhimasthestandard.Asascientist,

histimeissomysterious,inthatmysteriousera,hisviewis

soscientific.HisdeathmarkstheendoftheancientGreek

medicineandlifesciences.

ChineselifescienceismainlytraditionalChinesemedicine.

WhereexactlydidChinesemedicineoriginatefrom?Now,there

isnowaytostudyitwell.Somepeoplesaythatitcomesfrom

thesaints.Somepeoplesaythatitcomesfromthewitch,and

somesayitcomesfromnaturalphenomena.Forexample,thedog

isinjured,willfindagrasstolick,micepoisoning,willtake

theinitiativetodrinkyellowmud,thestomachwillnothurt.

Inancienttimes,humansocietyproductivityisextremelylow,

slash-and-burncultivation,extensivecultivation,sunrise

andsunset,althoughstillhungry,sohardinrags.Howdid

medicinecomefrom?Inordertofillthebelly,everybodyeats

grass.Theresultsshowthatsomecaneat,eatgood,somecan

not,eatingwillbepoisoned.Seizetheanimalalsoeat,and

foundthateatingliver,liver,lung,lung.

Inthemiddleofthelong1300,thereweremanypeopleinChina,

andalotofthingshappened.Youhavetorememberatleastthree

books,threepeople.Whichthreebooks?Basicmedicineisthe

“YellowEmperor”,thefirstclinicalmedicine

“Shanghanzabinglun”,thefirstpharmacy“ShenNong'sherbal

classic”.TheYellowEmperor*sCanonofinternalmedicineis

wellwritten,morethanitdoes.Itadvocatesholisticmedicine,

considersapersonasawhole,andadvocatesthebalanceofyin

andyang.Whatishealth?Justtobalance.Eyesopenandclose,

breathinandout,handsandfeetstretchedout,thisisbalance.

Somepeoplearestrong,aretheyhealthy?Ioftenseeadoctor.

ThreeyearsagoanoldladywassoweakthatIdidn'tthinkshe

wasgoingtolivelong.Unexpectedly,threeyearslater,she

cametoseethedoctor,andinthesameyearwasstillthesame.

That'sbecauseshe'sweakandshe'sinbalance.Somepeopleare

verystrong,playingbasketballyesterday,playingwell,

suddenlymyocardialinfarction,died.Sobalanceisvery-

importantforaperson;shealth.Howdoyouadjustthebalance?

YinandYang,YinhasYang,YanghasYin,bothshouldbalance,

nottoostrong,nottooweak.

ChinesemedicineandWesternmedicinearedifferenttheviscera.

OurhospitaldepartmentoftraditionalChinesemedicinestudy

“SpleenDeficiency”,translatedtoforeignerslistening,they

donotunderstand,“thisspleen"howempty?Spleendeficiency

inChinesemedicinereferstothediseasecausedbyweakness

ofspleen.IntheviewoftraditionalChinesemedicine,the

spleenistopromotecirculation,promotedigestion,aswell

asimmunefunction,isamanifestationofavarietyoffunctions.

Fivereferstotheheart,1iverandspleen,lungandkidney;

thesmallintestine,stomach,gallbladder,includingcolon,

bladder,tripleburner.Butsomeworksofthevisceraare

incomplete,astheDepartmentofGastroenterologyofthe

pancreas,the"YellowEmperor"inNo.Whyisn'tit?Becausethe

pastonlydissectedthedead,andafterdeath,thepancreaswill

beautomaticallydigested,anatomyofcoursecannotsee.

TheYellowEmperor'sInternalCanonemphasizesthewhole,and

doeseveryonebelieveinQigong?Lifeisareactionproduced

bytheinteractionofvariouscellsandmolecules.There*sa

bucketofsaltysaltwater.What,sthatyouputinthemeat?

Bacon.Didyougetapiginandcomeoutandbeasaltypig?

NoWhyisthat?Becausecellshaveanenergythatcanresist

foreigninvasion.JustlikeQigong,Iputtherighthandfork,

theleftisready,youtravelstickleft,whatisbroken?Wooden

stick.Ifyouhittheright,what,sbroken?Thehandisbroken.

Just1ikeachildgetsbeatenandsays,“Mom,youhitmeonthe

ass,andit'snotthatpainfulwhenyou'rereadytospank,and

ithurtswhenyouhittheothersidewhereyou'renot

prepared.

Thentalkabout“Shanghanzabinglun”.Itadvocatessyndrome

differentiationandtreatment,anddifferentdiseasesare

treatedwithdifferentdrugs.Thethirdbookis“ShenNong's

herbalclassic”,whichrecordsthe365herbs,medicineis

dividedinto120kinds,120kindsoftraditionalChinese

medicine,medicine125.Medicinetonic,Chinesemedicinenot

onlymakebigdruggingattack,andattack.It'sabout

compatibility,

Therearealotoftaboos.Ourschoolisanoldcadressurgery,

livertransaminasetothousands,no,Iparticipateinthe

consultation,heatealotofmedicine,up,withhiskind.The

mansaid,“tomendthis,“themansaid,“tomendthat.

Next,talkaboutthreepeople.ThefirstoneisZhangZhongjing,

hedidChangshaprefect,officerwhenverywell,later

improperly,becausethefamilyofmorethan200people,mostly

diedonlymorethan70.Hewenthometostudymedicine,

pathology,medicalscienceisfamous.ThesecondoneisBian

Que,whoonceworkedasaguesthouseintheinn,makingfriends

allovertheworld,andknowingafamousolddoctorof

traditionalChinesemedicine.Anddon'tdo"parents”,devote

themselvestostudymedicine,astudyofstudiesof"Que”,wrote

the“classic"and"QueQue〃byallpeopleintheworld,phuket.

ThethirdisHuaTuo,HuaTuoisfamous,hecuredCaoCao

migraine,CaoCaowillstayhimasa"healthcaredoctor"”.Hua

Tuodidn'tdoit,hewasgoingtotreatthecommonpeople,and

hewasarrested.HuaTuowasbusysavinglives,notimetowrite

papers.HuaTuolatertimeinprison,hewroteabook,butnot

handeddown,thewardernotdarepassout,burnit.Butthere

aretwothingsthathavepasseddown.OneistheWuqinxi,is

nowbroadcastgymnastics.Oneofhisdisciplespracticing

Wuqinxi,1ivedtotheageof101.Oneisinventedhemppowder.

Beforehim,peoplesurgerywithoutanesthesia,howtodo,a

poundofwhitewine,drinkhalfofpatients,doctorshavehalf,

courage.It'sstilluseless.Justholdontoafewpeople.Hua

Tuoinventedhemppowder800yearsearlierthanthewest.

Notasgoodasagooddoctor

Now,thesecondstage,andin1000,thewesternlifesciences,

almostzero.Why?Politicalcorruption,socialunrest,

religiousrise,theologicalpopularity,scientific

developmenthasbeenseriouslydamaged,andintheendthere

isNo.

Duringthisperiod,clinicalmedicinecontinuedtodevelopin

china.TheperiodofChinawasatitspeak,includingtheQin

Dynasty,theHanDynastyandtheTangdynasty.Political

Qingming,socialstability,scientificandtechnological

progress.Ihopeyouwillrememberthreebooks,threepeople.

ThefirstpersonnamedWangShuhe,hehastwocontributions,

oneisZhangZhongjing5s“Shanghanzabinglun“handeddown,two

ishimselfwroteabookcalled“maijing”.Hedividedthevein

intodozens,andhaddifferentcombinations.Hewasabletofind

outifhewaspregnant.Didhehaveaheartattack?.His

“maijing"throughArabiatoEurope,butalsospreadtoNorth

Korea,theSouthKoreanTVdrama“DaeJangGeum"inhisveins

istouched.

ThesecondcharacterisSunSimiao,wholivedmorethan100

yearsoldandwroteathousandgoldpieces.Headvocated"big

medicinesincere”,thatistosay,youwanttobeadoctor,you

mustbeskilled,cannotmakemoneyforthepurpose,nottotake

redpackets,youwanttodoanoperation,howmuchcanyoudivide,

thatiscertainlynotgood.Ifyouusemedicalskillsasatool

toearnmoney,youshouldbepunishedbycriminallaw;ifyou

havemedicalmalpractice,youwillbepunishedmore.Ofcourse,

youwanttobeadoctorwhenwell,canintotheacademy.The

thirdisTaoHongjing,whowasapharmacistintheTangDynasty

andwroteaneweditionofMateriamedica.Thisisthefirst

ChinesePharmacopoeia,andalsothefirstintheworld,800

yearsearlierthanthewest.

Threepeople,threebooks,scientistsinthisperiodhavebeen

greatlyrespected,sciencehasbeengreatlyrespected,

medicinehasalsobeengreatlyrespected.FanZhongyansaid:

“nogood,asgooddoctor."Thatistosay,ifyouarenotprime

minister,youshouldbecomeadoctorwhenyouaresecond.

Thedeathofwaistmaidleadstoanatomicalrevolution

Chinafinishedin1000,followedbythe300yearsofthewest,

whichwasthe300yearoftheirrise.BecausetheRenaissance

tookplace.WhydidtheRenaissancehappen?Becauseofthe

politicalcorruption"topointpeopletoantimisgovernment

makesthepeoplerebel,“inaddition,theplagueepidemicin

somecountrieswithinafewdays,1/4peoplearedead.Thethird

oneisbecausesomeonehasbroughtthefourgreatinventions

ofChina.Whoisthisman?GenGiKhan.

Sowesternmedicinewasrevivedandalargenumberofscientists

emerged.

Forexample,DaFinch,anexpertonanatomy.Inthepast,

anatomywasnotanartist,butadoctor.DaFinchisalefty,

writingalotofthings,peoplecannotunderstand.Thesecond

isaBelgianVesalius,hedidalotofanatomy,findsome

conclusiveevidence.Oneofthegirlsdied,andhisunclesaid

itwaspoisoning,andVisallisaid,“no,it'scausedbythe

waist.Atthattime,womenintheWesthadtobewaistcrossed,

andtheirstomachsweregettingsmallerandsmaller.Visalli

saidthatthiswasbecausethelongwaistgirdlecauseddeath

duetobloodstasis.ThishashadamajorimpactonWestern

societies,andwomenarenolongerinthesameposition,which

isarevolutionarychange.Inaddition,healsocorrectedGalen

ruledthemistakesof1000,lightskeletalanatomyreachedmore

than200mistakes.Hesaid,thelegisstraight,Galensaidis

bent.PeoplearguethatGalenisright,thepastisnowbent,

straight,thisisbecausepeoplewearpantstowearin1000,

beingstraight.Galensaysthehumansternumis7,andhesays

there'sonlyonepiece.PeoplearguethatGalentimepeople

broad-mindedsoitis7dollars,isnowonlyapieceofthe

extremepettinessofcharacter.Vesaliuswasveryangry,he

saidtothestudents,youcan，tbelieveyourownauthority,

practicelearnedbetterthanfollowauthoritylearned.Later

hewaspersecuted,andhedidnotevenknowhowtodie.

Forexample,sangLaytonstartedthestudyofmetabolism.He

foundoutthatpeoplehadeatensomuchanddidn'tpulloutso

much.Wherewasthedifferencebetweenthem?Tofindout,he

gotthechair,asteelyard.Everydaysittinginthechairand

saidhewas.Ascalefor30years,finallyfoundthemanisto

“sweat”,thusmetabologyproduced.Thereweresomany

scientistsinthisperiodthattheycouldn，tfinishit.Ina

word,westernmedicinelaggedbehindinthe1000andcameup

inthelast300years.

InthisperiodofChina,thecapitalmovedtoKaifengand

NanjingsuccessivelysinceSongdynasty.FromtheSongDynasty

begantotalkaboutChengZhuNeoConfucianism,saynothing,

scienceisgreatlydiscriminated.Foreignersusegunpowderto

makegunsandmakeguns.Wemakefireworks.Suchasprinting,

peopleusedtosermons,weprinttheghostnotes.Peopletook

thecompasstonavigation,foundthenewcontinent,weusedto

seefengshui,untilnowisstilllooking.Thereisanalchemy

westart,theinitialwesternchemicalindustry.Weusemetal

alchemy,becauseeatingever-youngDan,Chinesediedseven

emperors.

Thisperiodofourmedicaldecline,butbecausethe

accumulationisverythick,therearestillafewmajorevents

worthmentioning.LiShizhenisone.Hehasbeenthreetimes

inthemiddleschool,buthehasnopost.Helaterstudied

medicine,medicineinthehospitalwhentoo.Hebegantowalk

widemountainsattheageof33,havetastedallherbs,wrote

''CompendiumofMateriaMedica”.DuringthethirteenthCentury,

Chinesebegantoapplythevariolationmethodtoprevent

smalIpox,tobecometheworldleaderinmedicalimmunology.In

thirteenthCentury,asmallpoxepidemic,ifthereisnoChinese

“vaccination”,maybewewouldnotexist.Voltaire,Chineseis

anexcellentsmartpeople,theyinventedthe“vaccination”

savedhuman.Nowtheimmunologyalsosaiditwasnotclearwhat

isgoingon"vaccination”.That,showithappened.Peoplecame

300yearsago,wewentdownfor300years,andtheWestandChina

appearedinsixteenthCentury.

WhydowealwayslookatwesternmedicineandWesternmedicine?

InseventeenthCentury16,theformationofChineseandforeign

medicalscissors,infourhundredyearslaterinthe

developmentofthetwoopenedbiggap.Atthattime,China's

percapitaGDPwasaboutthesameasthatofBritainandFrance,

anditwasabout600dollars.However,thefirstindustrial

revolutioncreatedapowerfulBritish,Chinesedreaming;the

secondindustrialrevolutioncreatedapowerfulGermanChina,

alsoasasleepinglionwokeup;thethirdindustrialrevolution

createdinJapanandtheUnitedStatesstrong,Chineseisstill

sleeping.

400yearslater,whenChina，spercapitaGDProsefrom$600to

$1000,Japanwas35timesasbigasours,32timesasmuchas

theUnitedStates,and25timesasmuchasBritainandgermany.

Justduringthisperiod,

Alargenumberofscientistshaveappearedabroad.Leeuwenhoek,

forexample,isanimportantfigurethatleadstheworldfrom

themacrotothemicro.Hewasasmallmunicipalofficialin

Holland.Hedidn'tgotocollegeorunderstandenglish.Heis

notagoodofficial,heoftengoestothestreettoblowglass

andscrew.Butitwasthismanwhoinventedthefirstreal

microscopeintheworld.Hemademorethan400microscopes

throughouthislife.Hefirstwentintothemicroworldand

lookedathumansaliva,urine,semen.Unfortunately,thisman

keptasecret,andsomeofhisdiscoverieswerenotmadepublic

untiltwohundredorthreehundredyearslater.

Youknow,Darwin,hisfatherandgrandfatherarescientists,

andgrandfatherandunclearealsofamousscientists.

Unfortunately,hedidn,tstudyhard,heturnedmanytimes,and

hedidn'tstudywelLHisfatherwasangryandsaidhewasonly

catchingmiceandcatchingworms.Atthattime,theBritish

fleethada5yearvoyagearoundtheglobetochoose2people

toattend.Unfortunately,noonesignup.Darwinsaidtogo.

Hisdadwouldn'tagree,saying,“unlessyouhavesomeonelike

youwhoconvincesme,I'11letyougo.TheresultisDarwin's

uncletopersuade,sayingthatheisathomealsocatchmice,

catchworms,itisbettertolethimoutofexperience.His

fatheragreed.5yearslater,Darwinrealizedthattheorigin

ofspecies,“survivalofthefittestinnaturalselectionand

survivalofthefittest”.Unexpectedly,afterDarwinreturned

home,still1iketoplay,playingfor10years,alsodonotwrite

papers.Later,Wallacewroteapaper,betterthanhe,even

thoughthelatterdidnottakepartinthevoyage.Darwinbegan

toworry,sohebuttoneduphispaperanddidn，tpublishit.

Later,Darwin，sfriendssaidyouwrotethemtoo,andsentboth

ofyourarticlesinthesamemagazine.Inthisway,twopapers

havebeenpublished.Wallacelaterproposedthistheorytobe

calleddarwinism”.Darwinwasmoved,nooneintheworldwanted

tobesowronged,givetheirthingstoothers.

This400years,Westernsciencethatdevelopsveryrapidly,the

emergenceofalargenumberofscientists,toonumerousto

mention.ButChinatalkedaboutthetheoryaboutamiddlecourse,

confuserightandwrongboundaries,blurringtheboundaries

forwardandbackward,whichgreatlyhinderedthedevelopment

ofscience.ForeignersbegantosendmissionariesintoChina

atthattime.OneofthepriestssaidheopenedthegateofChina

withascalpel.VarioustheoriesofWesternmedicineand

Westernmedicinebegantoenterchina.Lookatthecurrent

westernmedicinetheory,morethan90%ofthewesterntheory,

nowhowmanyoftheinstrumentsandequipmentareproducedby

ourselves?97%ofthedrugswetakearecopiedfrom