高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語6

2024學(xué)年鄭州市宇華實驗學(xué)校高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底考試英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準考證號、座位號在答題卡上填寫清楚；2.每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑，在試卷上作答無效；3.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ＡHerearesomehostels(旅社)thatwillhelpyousavemoneywhenyou’retravelinginToronto,Canada.HIHostelTorontoHIHostelTorontoreallygetswhattravelersneed.Thehostelisinacentrallocationclosetoeverythingyouneed(shopping,restaurants,subwayandmore).It’sveryeasytomeetpeopleherebecausethereisabarthathostslivemusic.Thebedsaresuperfortablesoyoucanhaveagoodsleep.Freebreakfastisincluded.Bedsfrom$45everynight.TwoPeasPodHostelTwoPeasPodHostelrunsastoreandacafé.Theyhaveasuperrooftop(屋頂)(youcanseetheCNTowerfromit)andaminimovietheater.Theirbedsaresupercoolandfortable.Theyhavelockersunderneaththemsoyoucankeepallyourthingssafe.It’salmostlikestayinginamodernhotelbutwiththefunofahostel.Enjoyagreatstaywithfreebreakfast.Bedsfrom$59everynight.TheOnlyBackpacker’sInnThisisyourstandardbackpackerhostel.Theyhaveabarandacafé.There’snofreebreakfastbutthemoneyyousavemakesupforthat.It’slocatednearthesubwaysoyoucaneasilygetaroundthecity.It’sagoodchoicefortravelerstomeetpeople.Bedsfrom$37everynight.TheParkdaleHostellerieThisisthemostaffordablehostelwithfreebreakfastinthecity.It’snotascentralastheotherhostelsbutthatalsomakesoneofitsadvantages:itisfarfromnoise.Thehostelisnotthemostmodernbutithasaweling,homeyfeel.Bedsfrom$26everynight.1．WhatcantravelersdoatHIHostelToronto?A.Drinkcoffeeatacafé.B.Watchalivemusicshow.C.SeetheCNTowerontherooftop.D.Watchafilmataminimovietheater.2．WhatmakesTheOnlyBackpacker’sInndifferentfromtheothers?A.Itrunsastoreandacafé. B.Itoffersfortablebeds.C.Itdoesn’tofferfreebreakfast. D.It’sclosetopublictransportation.3．Whichhostelshouldyouchooseifyouwanttoliveinaquietplace?A.HIHostelToronto. B.TwoPeasPodHostel.C.TheOnlyBackpacker’sInn. D.TheParkdaleHostellerie.ＢAstheCOVID19appeared,manypeople’slifechanged.AtthebeginningofMarch2020,Boylan,aprofessorofMedicineJonBae,wentfromworkingonsitetobeinganotherroleasahealtheconomicanalyst(分析家)ofDukeUniversityHealthSystem.Andamonthintothepandemic(流行病),hisdaughter,Elora,wasborn.ThepasttwoyearsdrewBoylanclosertohiswife,Katie,“Duringthetimeofthepandemic,Iamnotoneofthosepeoplewhohavetimetolearnhowtobakebreadoranything,”Boylansaid.“Ithink,intermsofpersonalgrowth,Ihavelearnedmuchabouthowtoliveahappylife.”ByOctoberof2020,thepandemichadlastedforseveralmonths,andMelanieThomaswasfeelingdown.“HowdoIhavearichandfulllifeduringthisspecialtimeandkeepapositiveattitude?”Thomasaskedherself.Shedecidedthatsheneededagoalthatshecouldworkoutuntiltheworldopenedup.Forthenextseveralmonths,Thomasbeganrunning,workingoutatasociallydistantgym,andwalkedasmuchasshecouldeveryday.WhilethetriptoNepalwasthegoal,theexercisetoprepareforitbecameacentralpieceofherselfcareroutine.Afewweeksago,MaryAtkinsonbeganspendingtheremainingdaylightafterworksettingupagardenintheyardofherGreensborohome.Sheaswellashertwoyearoldson,West,oftenplayedtherewiththesandandhistoytruck.“Thisissomethingthatneverhappenedbeforethepandemic,anditgivesmuchhappinesstous,”saidAtkinson.Duringthepandemic,JohnCarbuccia,insteadofeatinglunchoutorgrabbingmealsintheuniversitycanteen,foundhimselfeatinghomemadebreakfasts,lunchesanddinners.Scrambledeggswithvegetablesorsimplypreparedsalmonfilletsaresomeofhiscurrentfavorites.Andwithouthavingtorushtothepany,hewalksandrunsaroundhisneighborhoodbeforeandafterworkathome.4．HowwasBoylanaffectedbythepandemic?A.Hebecameacookingmaster.B.Hisineturnedtobeuncertain.C.Helosthisjob.D.Hehadabetterunderstandingoflivinghappily.5．WhatdidThomasmainlydoduringthepandemic?A.ShevisitedNepal. B.Shelostweight.C.Shedidexercise. D.Shelearnedonline.6．WhatbenefitdidthegardenbuiltbyAtkinsonbringtoher?A.Itsavedmuchspaceforstoringsand. B.Itprovidedfortableofficespace.C.Itofferedagoodenvironmentforsports， D.Itimprovedtheparentchildrelationship.7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thefeaturesofworkingfromhome.B.Tipsonhowtofightagainstthepandemic.C.Thechangeofpeople’slifeduringthepandemic.D.Anexperimentinstudyingthemeaningoflife.ＣWhenyoupraiseadog,it’slisteningtonotjustthewordsyousaybutalsohowyousaythem.Thatmightnotbehugenewstodogowners.Butnowresearchershaveexploredthisphenomenonbyusinganimagingmachinetolookinsidethebrainsof13dogsastheylistenedtotheirowners’voice.Therewardpathwayinthedogs’brainslitupwhentheyheardbothpraisingwordsandanapprovingintonation(語調(diào))—butnotwhentheyheardrandom(隨機的)wordsspokeninapraisingtoneorpraisingwordsspokeninaflattone,accordingtotheresearchers.“Dogsdealwithbothwhatwesayandhowwesayitinawaywhichisamazinglysimilartohowhumansdoit,”saysAttilaAndics,aneuroscientistinHungary.Whendogshearspeech,heexplains,theyseemtoseparatethemeaningofwordsfromtheintonation.Thenthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebraindealswithmeaning,whileintonationisdealtwithintherighthemisphere.Allthedogsinthestudywerewillingvolunteersandweretrainednottomoveinthescanner(掃描器).Thedogscouldgetupandleavethemachinewhenevertheywanted.Butitwascleartothedogsthattheirhumanpanionsloveditwhentheydidthisveryeasytask.“Theywerereallyhappytotakepart,”saysAndics.“Thedifficultyofthetrainingwasthattheycan’tmovemorethan3millimetersinanydirection,otherwisewewillhavetothrowoutallofthedata.”Hesaysmostdogownershaveexperimentedwithtryingto“trick”theirdogsbysayingnonsensewordsinacheerful,happytoneofvoice.“Ithinkthebigdifferencehereisthattheyonlyheardus,andtheydidn’tseeus,”saysAndics,becausethedogswereinsidethemachine.“Here,theonlyinformationtheyhadwasthespeechsignal.Whatwesawisthatforpraisetobedealtwithasareward,whenthereisnoothersupportinginformation,bothwordmeaningandintonationhavetofit.”8．Whatisregardedasarewardbydogsaccordingtothestudy?A.Praisingwordsinaflattone. B.Randomwordsinaflattone.C.Praisingwordsinapraisingtone. D.Randomwordsinapraisingtone.9．Howdodogsdealwithwhattheyhear?A.Focusmoreonthemeaning. B.Focusmoreontheintonation.C.Useinformationfromtheirpeers. D.Usethetwopartsofthebrain.10．WhatisahardpartofthetraininginAndics’opinion?A.Lookingintothedogs’brainactivity.B.Trainingdogstostaystillinthemachine.C.Keepingdogsseparatedfromtheirowners.D.Askingdogstogetupandleavethescanner.11．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DogsUnderstandToneandMeaningofWordsB.DogsIndeedKnowHowtoPraiseC.DogsCanRecognizeOwners’VoicesD.DogsCanReadMan’sMoodsＤWhatdowemeanwhenwetalkaboutrepair?Themostmonlyrepaireditemsathomearewoodenfurnitureandtablelampsandothersmalllights,butmanypeopleexpressalevelofdisfortforlackofknowledgeabouttheskillsrequiredtorepairthem.However,weliveinatimewhenmanyoftheobjectswebuyewithlimitedlifespans(壽命)—especiallytechnologicalandelectricalgoods.Althoughsomeobjectsmayrequirespecialistaid,plentyofwornthingsaroundthehomecanberepairedthere,ifyouknowwhatyou’redoing.“Onehundredyearsago,everyoneneededtorepairthingsthemselves,”anexpertsays.“Somanypeoplehadtheskills,andtheywerepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Andnotonlytheskills,butalsothetools.Thetoolsalmostbecamethememoriesofthatrepairandcarriedtheirownstories.”Repairoftenfeelspleasantbecauseitisamomentoffixing.Theholescanbefilled.Thegapswillbesmoothedover.Thelanguageofrepairhasgreatsignificanceindescribingthings:mending,fixing,restoring,rebuilding,piecingtogether.Allarewordsweusefortheobjectsaroundus,butalsoonesweapplytoourselves.Wefeelalittlehappyintheideathatfewthingsaretrulybeyondsalvage.Repairisattractiveformanyreasons.Ithelpsusthinkabouthowtocareforthethingsweown.Itmakesusmindfulofwhatwewaste,andwhatweshouldholdonto.Itremindsustobendincloserandseethechanges,thepointswheretheneedlewentthroughthesurfaceandpulledtogethersomethingnew.12．Howdomanypeoplefeelwhenitestorepairingthings?A.Veryconfident. B.Alittlescared.C.Particularlyinterested. D.Slightlyuneasy.13．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Mostwornthingsneedtoberepairedbyspecialists.B.Therepairingtoolswereoncepasseddownforgenerations.C.Wordsaboutrepairingcannotbeusedforpeople.D.Theprocessofrepairingisoftendisappointing.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“salvage”meaninparagraph3?A.Reach. B.Description. C.Repair. D.Reason.15．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsrepair?A.Indifferent. B.Positive. C.Doubtful. D.Curious.第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howtoimproveyourimmune(免疫)healthAsthetemperaturesdropandfluandcoldseasonapproaches,weneedtostartthinkingaboutlookingafterourimmunehealth.____16_____.ThesefoodsarerichinmicronutrientssuchasVitaminCandzinc,whichsupporthealthyimmunefunction.Somewaysplantbasednutritioncanimproveyourimmunesystem.____17_____Therelationshipbetweensmokingand/orexcessivealcoholconsumptionandharmfulimmunerelatedhealtheffectsiswelldocumented.Avoidbreathinginanymaterialthatmightbeharmtothelungs,includingvaping（電子煙）.Trytoreduceriskymaterialssuchasalcoholasthesehaveanegativeimpactonimmunehealth.GetseventoninehoursrestorativesleepeverydayThereisstrongevidencethatsleepimprovesimmunedefence.Trytoaimforbetweensevenandninehoursofgoodquality,restorativesleepeverynight.Improvingsleepoftenstartsbyfocusingonyourdailyhabits,routinesandbedroomenvironment.____18_____.StresslessandspendmoretimewithothersStresspromotesinflammation（炎癥）andreducesyourdefenceagainstinfection.Meditation,agratitudepractice,yogaorbreathworkcanallhelplowerlevelsofcortisol,themainstresshormone.____19_____,whetheritisvolunteeringinthemunity,pickinguptheshoppingforanelderlyneighbour,nurturingyourfriendshipsormakingqualitytimeforyourfriendsandfamily.Bephysicallyactiveeveryday____20_____.Besides,itcanhelpmaintainhealthybodyweightandprotectagainstavarietyofdiseasesincludingviralandbacterialinfections.Aimtobephysicallyactiveeverydayfor3060minutesperday.Adultsneedatleast150minutesofmoderateintensityaerobicactivityeachweektoacquirethemosthealthbenefitsfromphysicalactivity.A.TakeexerciseeachdayB.ItisimportanttoseekadviceC.AvoidsmokingandreducealcoholD.DeveloparelaxingbedtimeroutineE.RelationshipsalsoplayakeyroleinourhealthF.RegularexerciseimproveshealthandlowersbloodpressureG.Thismeansenjoyingadietbasedaroundfruitandvegetables第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。FormostofmylifeIhadlivedintheblackandLatinomunity.NeitherofmyparentshadgraduatedfrommiddleschoolandIwasthefirstinmyfamilytoeverenteracollegecampus.Bycontrast,mostofmy21camefromgenerationsofwelleducatedfamilyandhadgrownupin22whitesuburbs.Inthecollege,23sharingwithothershowIwasfeeling,IclosedmyselfandthoughtIcouldgetthroughitifIjust24study.However,duringtheweeksbeforethewinterbreak,IfinallydecidedIwoulddropout.25,thatwasn’ttheendofthestory.Ifound26andguidancetocontinuetofinishmycollege.Consultingprovidedmewithspaceto27myemotions.Myconsultantprovidedmewithbooksandother28tounderstandwhatIwasexperiencingandshehelpedmefeelpowerful.Volunteeringwithacampusorganizationprovidedmewithaconstant29ofwhyIwasincollege.Myinteractionswithstudents,whoremindedmesomuchofmyownfriendsathome,inspiredmetoworkfor30tohighereducationforlowineyouth.Ialso31inasummerurbanprogram,whereIcooperatedwithagroupofstudentleaderstostartaconferencetotalkabout32ofraceandclass.33ispower.Ireadbooksandchosecoursestolearnmoreabouttopics34toimmigration,race,socialclassandurbaneducation.Thesecoursesandbookshelpedme35amuchdeeperunderstandingofmyownracialexperiencesofoppression.Mostimportantly,IwasequippedwiththeknowledgeIneededtoworkagainstinjusticeandinequality.21．A.teachers B.classmates C.colleagues D.neighbors22．A.plex B.remote C.rich D.ordinary23．A.Insteadof B.Regardlessof C.Aheadof D.Apartfrom23．A.reliedon B.focusedon C.gaveup D.tookup25．A.Unusually B.Positively C.Instantly D.Fortunately26．A.curiosity B.fort C.strength D.intention27．A.adjust B.express C.control D.relieve28．A.training B.motivation C.credits D.resources29．A.ambition B.reminder C.memory D.practice30．A.approaches B.guides C.subscription D.access31．A.entered B.absorbed C.attended D.participated32．A.suggestions B.messages C.issues D.examples33．A.Confidence B.Knowledge C.Bravery D.Construction34．A.exposed B.applied C.introduced D.related35．A.gain B.link C.show D.experience第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thehumoreffectisacognitivebias(認知偏差)thatcausespeopletorememberinformationbetterwhentheyregarditashumorous.Forexample,whenstudents36_________(teach)anewconceptinahumorousway,suchasthroughafunnystory,they’regenerallymorelikelytorememberthatconcept,paredtoiftheylearnitinanonhumorousmanner.Informationthathasthesameeffect37_________conceptsincludeswords,sentences,pictures,and38_________(mix)information,suchascartoonsandvideos.Humorhasvariousotherbenefitsbesidesimprovingmemory.Humorreducesnegativeemotions,suchas39_________(angry)oranxiety,whichpeoplemightexperiencewhenprocessingcertaininformation.Humor40_________(lead)toincreasedinterest.Addinghumortotheinformationthatyou’representingcanmakeitmoreinterestingandappealingtoothers.Forexample,41_________(advertisement)thatusehumorreceivemoreattentionfrompeople.Humor,when42_________(proper)usedintherightcircumstances,canimproveotherpeople’simpressionofyou.Forexample,43_________(include)humorinaspeechcanpositivelyimpactthewayin44_________listenersunderstandthespeaker.Similarly,usinghumorcanimprovepeople’simpressionofyourwarmth45_________petence,especiallywhenyoubineitwithnegativeinformationthatyouneedtotell.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）46．假如你是李華，你的留學(xué)生朋友小明給你寫信表示在學(xué)習(xí)英語方面遇到一些障礙，他來信向你請教，請你給他寫封回信。內(nèi)容包括：主要內(nèi)容：1.寫信目的；2.你的建議；3.你的祝愿。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為100左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)（滿分25分）47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Once,myunclebroughthomeacutelittlebabyparrot.Atfirst,Iandmycousinswerealittlescared,becausewedidn’tknowhowtohandlethatlittletenderbaby.Myaunteventuallyhelpedusout.Shetookitandkeptitjustasherbaby.Shefedit,shegaveitoccasionalshowersandeventuallywebecamequitefortablewithit.Nowtherewasanotherdilemma(困境)thatwehad—aswewerenotreallyawareofitsgender(性別)wewereunabletodecideanamefortheparrot.SofinallymymomcalleditMitthu.Weagreed.Asitwasgrowing,itswingsstartedgrowinglong,butmyfamilywastoopossessive(占有欲強的)andcaringtowardsMitthuthattheytrimmed(修剪)itswings.Theysaidifitflew,itwouldn’tbeabletosurviveoutside.Astimewentby,wegrew,sodidMitthu...Ithadbynowstartedtalkingquitealot...Iwasamazedbythewaymyauntcaredforit.Shefeditanythingandeverythingtheyhadbeforeeating.Mitthuwasneverkeptinacagefromthebeginning...itisstillnotkeptinaeage...atfirstitswingsweretrimmedtoprotectit...butnowasithasgrownquitealot,evenitswingsarenottrimmed...Isometimeswonder,ithasthewholeskytofly,itisneitherinacagenoritswingsaretrimmed,thenwhyisn’titflyingatall?Maybeitisnowquiteattachedtousanddoesn’twanttoleaveus,ormaybeitdoesn’twanttoleavethisfortablelifeandgoawayandfacethehardrealityoflife.Theanswermaybeanything,dependingonhowweviewthesituation.ButasIgrewolder,IrealizedthatthelifeofMitthuisnotreallyverydifferentfromthatofmine.Iwascaredtooandthuswasprotectedfromreallygettingalongwithoutsideworld.Imademyhousemyworld,justasitwastaughttome.IguesssodidMitthu.Thefortofmyhopebecame,andIguessMitthu’saswell,theinvisiblechainthatneveractuallywillletusfly.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡相應(yīng)位置作答。IguessnotjustI,butmostofthegirlsfeelthesame.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theparrotflewtoday.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

英語?參考答案第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)1．答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HIHostelToronto部分中“It’sveryeasytomeetpeopleherebecausethereisabarthathostslivemusic.(在這里很容易遇到朋友，因為這里有一個舉辦現(xiàn)場音樂演出的酒吧。)”可知，在這里很容易遇到朋友，因為這里有一個舉辦現(xiàn)場音樂演出的酒吧。故選B。2．答案：C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)HIHostelToronto部分中的“Freebreakfastisincluded.(包括免費早餐)”和TwoPeasPodHostel中的“Enjoyagreatstaywithfreebreakfast.(享受免費早餐的美好住宿)”以及TheParkdaleHostellerie中的“Thisisthemostaffordablehostelwithfreebreakfastinthecity.(這是該市最實惠的免費早餐旅館)”和TheOnlyBackpacker’sInn部分中“There’snofreebreakfastbutthemoneyyousavemakesupforthat.(沒有免費的早餐，但你省下的錢彌補了這一點。)”可推知，TheOnlyBackpacker’sInn的不同之處在于它不提供免費的早餐。故選C。3．答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheParkdaleHostellerie部分中“It’snotascentralastheotherhostelsbutthatalsomakesoneofitsadvantages:itisfarfromnoise.(它不像其他青年旅社那樣位于市中心，但這也是它的優(yōu)勢之一：遠離噪音。)”可知，ParkdaleHostellerie是一個安靜的旅社。故選D。4．答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段“ThepasttwoyearsdrewBoylanclosertohiswife,Katie,“Duringthetimeofthepandemic,Iamnotoneofthosepeoplewhohavetimetolearnhowtobakebreadoranything,”Boylansaid.“Ithink,intermsofpersonalgrowth,Ihavelearnedmuchabouthowtoliveahappylife.”(過去的兩年拉近了博伊蘭與妻子凱蒂的距離，博伊蘭說：“在疫情期間，我不是那種有時間學(xué)習(xí)如何烤面包或其他東西的人。我認為，就個人成長而言，我學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于如何過幸福生活的知識?！?”可知，疫情讓Boylan對幸福生活有了更好的理解。故選D。5．答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Forthenextseveralmonths,Thomasbeganrunning,workingoutatasociallydistantgym,andwalkedasmuchasshecouldeveryday.(在接下來的幾個月里，托馬斯開始跑步，在社交距離較遠的健身房鍛煉，每天盡可能多地走路。)”可知，托馬斯在疫情期間主要做了運動。故選C。6．答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Sheaswellashertwoyearoldson,West,oftenplayedtherewiththesandandhistoytruck.“Thisissomethingthatneverhappenedbeforethepandemic,anditgivesmuchhappinesstous,”saidAtkinson.她和她兩歲的孩子在維斯特經(jīng)常在那里玩沙子和他的玩具卡車。阿特金森說：“這是疫情之前從未發(fā)生過的事情，它給了我們很多幸福?！?”可知，阿特金森建造的花園改善了她和孩子的親子關(guān)系。故選D。7．答案：C解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一自然段“AstheCOVID19appeared,manypeople’slifechanged.(隨著新冠肺炎的出現(xiàn)，許多人的生活發(fā)生了變化。)”可知，本文主要講了疫情期間人們生活的變化。故選C。8．答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Therewardpathwayinthedogs’brainslitupwhentheyheardbothpraisingwordsandanapprovingintonation(語調(diào))(當(dāng)狗聽到贊揚的話語和贊許的語調(diào)時，它們大腦中的獎賞通路會被激活)”可知，當(dāng)狗聽到用贊賞的語調(diào)說的表揚的話時，其腦內(nèi)的獎賞通路會被激活，這被狗視為獎勵。故選C項。9．答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“theyseemtoseparatethemeaningofwordsfromtheintonation.Thenthelefthemisphere(半球)ofthebrainprocessesmeaning,whileintonationisanalyzedintherighthemisphere.(它們似乎把單詞的意思和語調(diào)分開了。然后，大腦左半球處理意思，而語調(diào)由右半球分析。)”可知，狗在大腦的不同半球?qū)υ捳Z的含義和說話的語調(diào)分別進行分析。故選D。10．答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Allthedogsinthestudywerewillingvolunteersandweretrainednottomoveinthescanner(掃描器).(研究中的所有狗都是自愿的志愿者，并被訓(xùn)練不在掃描儀中移動)”及“Thedifficultaspectofthetrainingwasconvincingthedogsthat‘motionless’meansreallymotionless.Theycan’tmovemorethan3millimetersinanydirection,otherwisewewillhavetothrowoutallofthedata.(訓(xùn)練的困難之處在于讓狗相信‘不動’意味著真的不動。它們不能向任何方向移動超過3毫米，否則我們將不得不扔掉所有的數(shù)據(jù)。)”可知，研究過程中，狗被要求在掃描儀器中待著不動，這是訓(xùn)練中的難點。故選B項。11．答案：A解析：主旨大義題。文章開頭通過“Whenyoupraiseadog,it'slisteningtonotjustthewordsyousaybutalsohowyousaythem.Thatmightnotbehugenewstodogowners.Butnowresearchershaveexploredthisphenomenon…(當(dāng)你表揚一只狗時，它不僅在聽你說的話，還在聽你怎么說。這對狗主人來說可能不是什么大新聞。但現(xiàn)在研究人員對這一現(xiàn)象進行了探索……)”引入話題：狗能理解人說話的語氣和含義，研究者對此進行了研究。接著，下文介紹了該研究的內(nèi)容和結(jié)論，故A項“狗能理解語言的語氣和含義”適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選A項。12．答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Themostmonlyrepaireditemsathomearewoodenfurnitureandtablelampsandothersmalllights,butmanypeopleexpressalevelofdisfortforlackofknowledgeabouttheskillsrequiredtorepairthem.(家里最常修理的物品是木制家具、臺燈和其他小燈，但許多人表示，由于缺乏修理所需技能的知識，他們感到一定程度的不適。)”可知，人們在修理東西的時候會因為缺乏知識而在一定程度上會感到不安。故選D項。13．答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Somanypeoplehadtheskills,andtheywerepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Andnotonlytheskills,butalsothetools.(很多人都有這種技能，他們一代一代地傳了下來。不僅是技能，還有工具。)”可知，修理工具和修理技能一樣，很多都是代代相傳。故選B項。14．答案：C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Thelanguageofrepairhasgreatsignificanceindescribingthings:mending,fixing,restoring,rebuilding,piecingtogether.Allarewordsweusefortheobjectsaroundus,butalsoonesweapplytoourselves.(修復(fù)的語言在描述事物時具有重要意義：修補、固定、恢復(fù)、重建、拼湊。這些詞都是我們用來形容周圍事物的，但也都是我們用來形容自己的。)”可知，作者認為很多事情和人都是可以修復(fù)、修補的，并且后文“Wefeelalittlehappyintheideathatfewthingsaretrulybeyondsalvage.(想到很少有東西是真正無法挽救的，我們感到有點高興。)”可知，想到很少有東西是無法_____的會感到高興，作者想要表達的意思應(yīng)該和前文“修復(fù)、修補”相近或相同。A.reach到達；B.description描述；C.repair修理；D.reason原因。故選C項。15．答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Repairisattractiveformanyreasons.(修理有很多吸引人的原因。)”可知，作者認為修理很吸引人，是一件有趣的事情，可以推出作者對修理這件事持有積極的態(tài)度。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)答案：16—20：GCDEF解析：16.根據(jù)下文“ThesefoodsarerichinmicronutrientssuchasVitaminCandzinc,whichsupporthealthyimmunefunction.(這些食物富含微量營養(yǎng)素，如維生素C和鋅，可以支持健康的免疫功能。)”可知，空格處應(yīng)該說明的是有良好的飲食習(xí)慣，所吃的食物能夠提高免疫力。G.Thismeansenjoyingadietbasedaroundfruitandvegetables.(這意味著享受以水果和蔬菜為主的飲食。)說明的是以水果和蔬菜為主的飲食，能夠引出下文，符合語境。故選G。17.根據(jù)下文“Therelationshipbetweensmokingand/orexcessivealcoholconsumptionandharmfulimmunerelatedhealtheffectsiswelldocumented.(吸煙和/或過度飲酒與有害的免疫相關(guān)健康影響之間的關(guān)系已得到充分證明。)”可知，本段說明的是吸煙和/或者過度飲酒有害免疫系統(tǒng)。C.Avoidsmokingandreducealcohol(避免吸煙，減少飲酒)能夠作為本段的主題句，符合語境。故選C。18.根據(jù)上文“Improvingsleepoftenstartsbyfocusingonyourdailyhabits,routinesandbedroomenvironment.(改善睡眠通常從關(guān)注你的日常習(xí)慣、常規(guī)和臥室環(huán)境開始。)”可知，空格處應(yīng)該說明的是與睡眠、生活習(xí)慣有關(guān)。D.Developarelaxingbedtimeroutine(養(yǎng)成放松的就寢習(xí)慣)能夠承接上文，符合語境。故選D。19.根據(jù)下文“whetheritisvolunteeringinthemunity,pickinguptheshoppingforanelderlyneighbour,nurturingyourfriendshipsormakingqualitytimeforyourfriendsandfamily.(無論是在社區(qū)做志愿者，為年老的鄰居買東西，培養(yǎng)你的友誼，還是和你的朋友和家人共度美好時光。)”可知，空格處應(yīng)該說明的是人與人之間的關(guān)系，或者是與他們相處對健康的關(guān)系。E.Relationshipsalsoplayakeyroleinourhealth(人際關(guān)系對我們的健康也起著關(guān)鍵作用)說明的是人際關(guān)系對健康的作用，能夠引出下文，符合語境。故選E。20.根據(jù)本段的主題“Bephysicallyactiveeveryday(每天鍛煉身體)”以及下文“Besides,itcanhelpmaintainhealthybodyweightandprotectagainstavarietyofdiseasesincludingviralandbacterialinfections.(此外，它可以幫助保持健康的體重和防止各種疾病，包括病毒和細菌感染。)”可知，空格處應(yīng)該說明的是鍛煉有關(guān)的好處。F.Regularexerciseimproveshealthandlowersbloodpressure(有規(guī)律的運動可以增進健康，降低血壓)能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)21．答案：B解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：相比之下，我的同學(xué)大都出身富裕的郊區(qū)家庭，那里以白人為主，他們往上幾代家族成員都接受過良好的教育。A.teachers老師；B.classmates同學(xué)；C.colleagues同事；D.neighbors鄰居。根據(jù)“NeitherofmyparentshadgraduatedfrommiddleschoolandIwasthefirstinmyfamilytoeverenteracollegecampus.”可知，這里對比的是和作者同身份的學(xué)生。故選B項。22．答案：C解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：相比之下，我的同學(xué)大都出身富裕的郊區(qū)家庭，那里以白人為主，他們往上幾代家族成員都接受過良好的教育。A.plex復(fù)雜的；B.remote遙遠的；C.rich富的；D.ordinary普通的。根據(jù)前文的“MostofmylifeIhadlivedinaBlackandLatinomunity.”可知，作者的家境一般，通過本句的“Bycontrast”可知，與作者相反，同學(xué)們的家境富裕，故選C項。23．答案：A解析：考查介詞短語辨析。句意：我沒有與人分享心中的煩悶，而是將自己封閉起來，專注學(xué)習(xí)，希望以此能熬過艱難的求學(xué)生涯。A.Insteadof而不是；B.Regardlessof不管；C.Aheadof在...前；D.Apartfrom除了。后文的“closedmyself”與“sharingwithothers”形成反差，可知，此處應(yīng)該意為“而是，作為……的替換”。故選A項。24．答案：B解析：考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我沒有與人分享心中的煩悶，而是將自己封閉起來，專注學(xué)習(xí)，希望以此能熬過艱難的求學(xué)生涯。A.reliedon依賴；B.focusedon聚焦于，專注于；C.gaveup放棄；D.tookup占用。通過前文“thoughtIcouldgetthroughit”可知，作者渴望通過專注于學(xué)習(xí)來熬過艱難的求學(xué)生涯。故選B項。25．答案：D解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，故事還沒有結(jié)束。A.Unusually不同尋常地；B.Positively積極地；C.Instantly立刻；D.Fortunately幸運地。上一句提到“dropout”指出作者決定退學(xué)，后文“wasn’ttheendofthestory”說明一切并未結(jié)束?？芍司渑c上一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明作者是幸運的。故選D項。26．答案：C解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我找到了繼續(xù)完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)的力量和向?qū)?。A.curiosity好奇心；B.fort舒適；C.strength強度，力量；D.intention打算。通過文章標(biāo)題，以及后文中多次提到的“power”，可以推斷出這里作者找到了心中的“力量”。故選C項。27．答案：B解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：心理咨詢?yōu)槲姨峁┝艘粋€表達情緒的空間。A.adjust調(diào)整，適應(yīng)；B.express表達；C.control控制；D.relieve緩解。通過后文“shehelpedmefeelpowerful”可知心理咨詢師幫助作者變得強大，為作者提供了表達問題的空間。故選B項。28．答案：D解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：咨詢師為我推薦書籍和其他資源，讓我正視當(dāng)下的經(jīng)歷，幫助我變得強大起來。A.training培訓(xùn)；B.motivation動機；C.credits學(xué)分，信用；D.resources資源。通過前面的“books”可知，心理咨詢師為作者推薦書籍和其他資源。故選