專(zhuān)題06 句子成分 - 句子種類(lèi) - 基本句型（講練）（原卷版）-2024中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

1/1專(zhuān)題06句子成分，句子中類(lèi)，基本句型句子成分英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和成分是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容，是理解文章的基礎(chǔ)，廣泛運(yùn)用于閱讀理解，完形填空，語(yǔ)法填空和寫(xiě)作中。主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作發(fā)出者，常位于句首。主語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作發(fā)出者，常位于句首。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.謂語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作（有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)之分）IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.賓語(yǔ)：動(dòng)作承受者，位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)情況。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.表語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）:補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)情況，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。Lisawashappy.基本成分基本成分句子成分句子成分狀語(yǔ):相當(dāng)于副詞，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等。IheardmysisterLisasinging狀語(yǔ):相當(dāng)于副詞，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.定語(yǔ):相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞和代詞。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.同位語(yǔ):兩者指的是同一人/物。IheardmysisterLisasinginginthemorning.修飾成分修飾成分知識(shí)梳理英語(yǔ)句子由多個(gè)部分構(gòu)成，各部分在句子中起著不同的作用，這些構(gòu)成句子的不同部分被稱(chēng)為句子成分。正確分析句子成分是英語(yǔ)成績(jī)得高分的至關(guān)要素。主要句子成分：主語(yǔ)(subject)s；謂語(yǔ)(predicate)v次要句子成分：賓語(yǔ)(object)o；定語(yǔ)(attribute)attr；狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)adv；補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(complement)-c;表語(yǔ)(predicative)p；同位語(yǔ)(Appositive)等。主語(yǔ)概念和位置：句子要說(shuō)明的人或事物，是句子的主體，通常位于句首。充當(dāng)：通常由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等充當(dāng)。語(yǔ)序：正常：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ);全部倒裝：謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ);部分倒裝：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。Davidarrivedlastnight.（名詞作主語(yǔ)）That'sOK.（代詞）Twowillbeenough.（數(shù)詞）Todomorningexercisesisgoodforourhealth.（不定式）Seeingisbelieving.（動(dòng)名詞）Theblindandthelamearewellcaredforinourcountry.（名詞化的形容詞）Whathesaidisnottrue.（主語(yǔ)從句）謂語(yǔ)概念和位置：表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)、謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，由簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分。一般位于主語(yǔ)之后。充當(dāng)：一般由動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、系動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)等充當(dāng)，謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，同時(shí)受到句子主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)和人稱(chēng)的制約，如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式。(1)由單一動(dòng)詞V.做謂語(yǔ)WeareChinese.(2)情態(tài)V+V原HecanspeakEnglishwell.(3)助V+VIhaveseenthismanbefore.賓語(yǔ)概念：表示及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或內(nèi)容，或用于介詞后構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)；有的動(dòng)詞后可以跟兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，其中表示人的賓語(yǔ)稱(chēng)為間接賓語(yǔ)，把表示物的賓語(yǔ)稱(chēng)為直接賓語(yǔ)。位置:位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。充當(dāng)：通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句等充當(dāng)。名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語(yǔ)Iacceptedyourwiseadvice.2.代詞或相當(dāng)于代詞的短語(yǔ)Allofuslikehim.3.數(shù)詞或數(shù)詞短語(yǔ)Givemefour.4.the+形容詞表示一類(lèi)人Theyteachtheblindtoread.5.不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)HebegantolearnEnglishayearago./Hedidnotknowwhattosay.6.動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Heisusedtoworkingatnight./Thisbookisworthreading.7.從句Ithinkthatheisright./Iwonderifyou'dliketogowithus.表語(yǔ)概念:說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或身份，與系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。位置：位于系動(dòng)詞之后。充當(dāng)：通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞或從句等充當(dāng)。1.形容詞Ifeelmuchbettertoday.2.代詞Thebookismine.3.名詞或名詞所有格Theyaremystudents.4.數(shù)詞Histelephonenumberis88888888.5.副詞Theyareoverthere.6.介詞短語(yǔ)Theyareintrouble.7.不定式短語(yǔ)Mydreamistogotocollege.8.動(dòng)詞ing短語(yǔ)Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.9.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)Mycameraisbroken.10.從句Thetruthiswhathesaidjustnow.定語(yǔ)概念：修飾或限定名詞或代詞的成分叫定語(yǔ)；位置:定語(yǔ)有前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)。形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、名詞等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放于被修飾詞之前，但是在修飾any-，some-，no，every-等構(gòu)成的單詞，如something等時(shí)，應(yīng)放于這些復(fù)合不定代詞之后進(jìn)行修飾。動(dòng)詞不定式、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放于被修飾詞之后。充當(dāng)：定語(yǔ)通常由形容詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞或名詞所有格、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞或從句充當(dāng)。1.形容詞或相同于形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)Heisakind-heartedman./Heisa15-year-oldstudent.2.冠詞或代詞ThisbookisMine./TheboywasTom./Myfatherwaswashinghiscar.3.名詞或名詞所有格Heboughtacoffeecupyesterday./HeisTom'sfather.4.數(shù)詞Threeboysarerunningalongthebank./Youarethefirstonehere.5.副詞Theboythereneedsapen./Heisonhiswayhome.6.介詞短語(yǔ)Doyouknowtheboyinthefirstrow?/Thegirlinadressishissister.7.不定式短語(yǔ)Ihavealotofworktodo./Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.8.動(dòng)詞ing短語(yǔ)Letmetellyouamovingstory./Horsesaregrass-eatinganimals./Thesmilingboyneedsapen.9.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)Theboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother./Inthefallwecanseealotoffallenleaves.10.從句Themeetingthatyouhavemissedyesterdaywasveryimportant.狀語(yǔ)概念：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，可表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、伴隨、條件、程度、讓步等。狀語(yǔ)位置靈活。位置:修飾整個(gè)句子時(shí)放于句首;修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)放于其后;表時(shí)間、目的、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常放于主句之前或之后，若強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)則應(yīng)放于主句之前;頻度副詞如almost、often等作狀語(yǔ)常放于be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，放于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。充當(dāng)：通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、形容詞和從句等充當(dāng)。1.副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)HespeaksEnglishverywell.2.介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)Theboywaspraisedforhisbravery.3.動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)Theboxistooheavyformetolift.4.動(dòng)詞ing短語(yǔ)Wearingapairofsunglasses,hewentout.5.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)Writteninahurry，thearticlewasnotsogood.6.從句作狀語(yǔ)IfIamnotbusytomorrow,Iwillplayfootballwithyou.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)概念和位置：有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后需要添加部分內(nèi)容對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)有兩種，分別是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用來(lái)對(duì)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。充當(dāng)：常由形容詞、名詞、不定式、分詞、副詞等充當(dāng)。高考英語(yǔ)試題主要考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法。Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmoremeaningful.（形容詞做賓補(bǔ)）WesincerelywishyouaquickrecoveryandanearlyreturntoChina.（名詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)）LijiangwillmaketheChineseculturebetterknowntoBritishstudents.（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)）同位語(yǔ)概念和位置：對(duì)句子中某一名詞（詞組）做進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明，與前面的名詞在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位語(yǔ)。充當(dāng)：同位語(yǔ)可用名詞、代詞、名詞短語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句等充當(dāng)。1.ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.(名詞)Myfriend,Mary,boughtabeautifuldressinthedepartmentlastweekend.↓↓↓↓↓↓↓主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句子成分1.SometimeswhenImissher,IsearchforthesongssheusedtoplayontheInternet.A.定語(yǔ) B.狀語(yǔ) C.賓語(yǔ) D.主語(yǔ)2.Hewillbeknownforhisachievementsandrealizehisdreamsomeday.A.賓語(yǔ) B.謂語(yǔ) C.定語(yǔ) D.主語(yǔ)3.Thebeefnoodlesinthisrestauranttastedelicious.A.表語(yǔ) B.謂語(yǔ) C.狀語(yǔ) D.主語(yǔ)4.CindyplanstowatchDaysofOurPasttonight.A.表語(yǔ) B.定語(yǔ) C.賓語(yǔ) D.謂語(yǔ)5.Igotothemoviesonceamonth.A.主語(yǔ) B.謂語(yǔ) C.賓語(yǔ) D.狀語(yǔ)6.Thereisalittlemilkinthecup.A.表語(yǔ) B.定語(yǔ) C.主語(yǔ) D.賓語(yǔ)7.SunCinemaisthebestbecauseyoucansitthemostcomfortably.A.狀語(yǔ) B.賓語(yǔ) C.定語(yǔ) D.謂語(yǔ)8.WhichofthefollowingsentenceshasanObjectComplement（OC）?A.Earthhaslost50%ofwildlifeinthepast40years. B.Animalsfeelpainlikehumans.C.Wefeelwildlifethebeautyofnature. D.Wecanstandupforwildlife.9.Ireallyenjoyedwalkingaroundthetown.A.謂語(yǔ) B.表語(yǔ) C.狀語(yǔ) D.賓語(yǔ)10.Theteachersaidthathewouldgothereontime.A.賓語(yǔ) B.主語(yǔ) C.表語(yǔ) D.謂語(yǔ)11.Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.A.表語(yǔ) B.主語(yǔ) C.賓語(yǔ) D.謂語(yǔ)12.Thesefactoriesshouldbeclosedbecauseoftheirseriouspollution.A.定語(yǔ) B.狀語(yǔ) C.賓語(yǔ) D.表語(yǔ)二、寫(xiě)出畫(huà)線部分的句子成分1.Myfatherisanengineer.________2.Hefeelsgood.________3.Shemissedtheschoolbusbecauseshegotuplate.________4.IhavebeentoBeijing.________5.Passengersinthestationareinamess.________6.Thevasewasknockedoffthedeskbroken.________7.Shoppingonlineisusuallycheaper.________8.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?________9.Sheisonadiet.________10.Hedidn'thelptheboy.________基本句型簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型在近年來(lái)中考英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有直接考查，而且安徽中考英語(yǔ)中從沒(méi)有叫學(xué)生分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的考核。但是詞義辨析、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法、主謂一致等等都會(huì)涉及到句子結(jié)構(gòu)，復(fù)合句的理解更是以簡(jiǎn)單句為基礎(chǔ)，書(shū)面表達(dá)也需要學(xué)生能掌握簡(jiǎn)單句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，從而寫(xiě)出正確的句子。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）基本句型二：Ｓ+link-Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。例如：1.Timeflies.2.Everybodylaughed.3.Iwokeverysoon.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Hewalkedyesterday.基本句型二：Ｓ+link-Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）此句型句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能獨(dú)立表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類(lèi)：(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove等。1.ThisisanEnglishdictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Everythinglooksdifferent.4.Heistallandstrong.5.Theweatherbecamewarmer.基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Shelaughather.3.Dannylikesdonuts.基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。1.Shepassedhimanewdress. 2.Hebroughtyouadictionary. 3.Heboughthernothing. 4.Igavehimahand. 5.Itoldmehowtorunthemachine. 基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。1.Wekeepthetableclean. 2.Theycallsupperdinner. 3.Whatmakeshimsad? 4.Wesawhimout. 5.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon. 6.Isawthemgettingonthebus. 基本句型練習(xí)題1.—Mary,couldyoutellmethestructureofthesentence“Thegoodnewsmademehappy.”?—OK.It’s________.A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+IO C.S+V+DO D.S+V+DO+OC2.Whichofthefollowingsentencehasthesamestructureas“Itisgettingdark.”?A.Heboughtmeagift. B.Thefishtastesgood.C.Theboysareplayingbasketball. D.Mymombuysmeabasketball.3.Whichofthefollowingsentencesfollowsthestructureof“S+V+IO+DO”?A.Autumnleavesturnbrown. B.Sandy’smumboughtheranewhat.C.Ifoundhimveryinteresting. D.Tommydoessomereadingeveryday.4.Whichofthefollowinghasthesamesentencestructureas“Snowmakeschildrenfeelexcited.”?A.Thegroundbecomeswhite.B.Childrenmakeasnowmantogether.C.Snowbringschildrenlotsoffun.D.Youcanseechildrenplayhappily.5.—What’sthestructureofthesentence“Heisflyingakitenow.”?—Itis________.A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+O D.S+V+DO+OC6.Whatisthesentencestructureof“Youcanfindtheanswertothequestioneasily.”?A.S+V+P. B.S+V+DO+OC. C.S+V+IO+DO. D.S+V+O.7.Whatisthesentencestructureof“Iofferedmyclassmatessomepinkpencils”?A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P8.Thesentencestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))of“EddieiswatchingHobowork.”is________.A.S+V+DO B.S+V+P C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+IO+DO9.Thesentencestructureof“Mygrandpaalwayswalkshisdoginthemorning.”is________.A.S+V B.S+V+O C.S+V+DO+IO D.S+V+DO+OC10.Thesentencestructureof“Ourteachersalwaysmaketheirclasseslively.”is_______.A.S+V+O B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P11.Thestructureofthesentence“Thestorysoundsveryinteresting.”is________.A.S+V+P B.S+V+O C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC12.Whatisthesentencepatternofthesentence“Hisfatherboughthimane-dictionary.”?A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V D.S+V+O+OC13.—What’sthestructureofthesentence“Itwassnowingheavilyatthistimeyesterday”?—Itis________.A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+IO+OC二、連詞成句1.pocketmoney,cost,thelatesthelicoptermodel,thelittleboy,alotof.2.sure,landed,thehills,I’m,near,something,intheforest

(連詞成句).3.Australia,Canberra,the,capital,of,is,city.4.make,to,easily,don’t,others,promises(.).5.oneof,the,traditional,it,festivals,in,is,China.6.is，family，on，my，the，desk，photo

.7.swimming;I;playingbasketball;and;amgoodat.8.a,hasbooked,triptoHangzhou,Betty,ontheInternet,two-day.9.are,here,many,every,tourists,summer,there .10.football,often,school,his,with,after,classmates,plays,Ben.11.carefully,inthestreet,KittyandBen,walked.12.ananimal,theOlympicmascot,often,a,national,is,feature,with.13.language;body;her;is;welcome;feel;making;people;they;so;for;go;to;her;help;(,).14.thestaffs,thesecretary,themeetings,always,toattend,ontime,reminds

.15.thefirst,anabacus,oneof,calculatingmachines,was.三、根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的句子成分提示，將下列句子翻譯成英文。1.我昨天收到了一份禮物。(S+V+O+A)2.我父親將會(huì)給我買(mǎi)一臺(tái)新手機(jī)。(S+V+IO+DO) 3.他成為了一名科學(xué)家。 (S+V+C)4.這條消息讓她開(kāi)心了。 (S+V+O+C)5.凱特給他送去許多書(shū)。 (S+V+DO+IO)6.我不知道該做什么？（S+V+O）句子種類(lèi)句子類(lèi)型分為4種：在中考題型中，感嘆句和疑問(wèn)句考得最多。特別疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)詞的用法是最重要的考題之一。1.(2023·廣州)他們還贏得了廣東省飛鏢比賽冠軍。多么棒的項(xiàng)目??！TheywontheChampionshipofGuangdongDartsMatch,too.________________________projectitis!【答案】Whatawonderful【解析】根據(jù)題干可知此處是一個(gè)感嘆句。中心詞為可數(shù)名詞project“項(xiàng)目”，符合結(jié)構(gòu)：What+a/an+形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。project是以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用a；wonderful“極好的”。故填Whatawonderful。2.(2023·江蘇南通).________itwastoseethemainsightsoftheworldintheWorldPark!AHowamazingday B.HowanamazingdayC.Whatamazingday D.Whatanamazingday【答案】D【解析】句意：在世界公園里看到世界的主要景點(diǎn)是多么美妙的一天啊！考查感嘆句。句子是感嘆句，中心詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)day，用感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)：Whata/anadj.n.+主謂。故選D。3.(2023·江蘇宿遷).—Chinawonallthegoldmedalsatthe2023WorldTableTennisChampionships.—______excitingnews!A.Whata B.Howa C.How D.What【答案】D【解析】句意：——中國(guó)包攬了2023年世乒賽的所有金牌?！嗝戳钊伺d奮的消息??！考查感嘆句，感嘆句的中心詞news是不可數(shù)名詞，此處用“What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。4.(2023·江蘇徐州)4Pleasemoveyourcaraway,sir.Thisis“________”area.A.Nosmoking B.Noparking C.Noswimming D.Nolittering【答案】B【解析】句意：先生，請(qǐng)把您的車(chē)開(kāi)走。這里是“禁止停車(chē)”區(qū)域?？疾榍榫敖浑H。祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令。Nosmoking禁止吸煙；Noparking禁止停車(chē)；Noswimming禁止游泳；Nolittering禁止亂扔垃圾。根據(jù)“Pleasemoveyourcaraway”可知，要把車(chē)開(kāi)走，所以是禁止停車(chē)，故選B。5.(2023·甘肅)________tryinganddoyourbest.A.Keep B.Keeping C.Tokeep D.Kept【答案】A【解析】句意：繼續(xù)努力，盡你最大的努力?？疾槠硎咕洹８鶕?jù)“anddoyourbest”可知句子是祈使句，以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。故選A。6.(2023·連云港)—________haveyoubeenamemberoftheYouthLeague?—Forthreeyears.A.Howlong B.Howmany C.Howoften D.Howfar【答案】A【解析】句意：——你成為共青團(tuán)員有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？——三年了?？疾樘厥庖蓡?wèn)句。Howlong多久，多長(zhǎng)；Howmany多少；Howoften多久一次；Howfar多遠(yuǎn)。根據(jù)答句“Forthreeyears.”可知詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)長(zhǎng)應(yīng)用howlong來(lái)提問(wèn)。故選A。7.(2023·江蘇南通).—Excuseme,________istheGengsuTheatrefromthishotel?—It’sabouttenminutesifyoutakeataxi.A.howfar B.howlong C.howsoon D.howmuch【答案】A【解析】句意：——對(duì)不起，庚戌劇院離這家旅館有多遠(yuǎn)？——如果你坐出租車(chē)大約需要十分鐘?？疾樘厥庖蓡?wèn)句。howfar多遠(yuǎn)；howlong多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間；howsoon多久之后；howmuch多少錢(qián)。根據(jù)“It’sabouttenminutesifyoutakeataxi.”可知此處詢(xún)問(wèn)距離，疑問(wèn)詞用howfar。故選A。8.(2023·甘肅)—________doyoulearnthesewordsbyheart?—Byusingthemindifferentways.A.When B.How C.Why D.Where【答案】B【解析】句意：——你是怎么把這些單詞背下來(lái)的？——通過(guò)以不同的方式使用它們?？疾樘厥庖蓡?wèn)句。when什么時(shí)候；how如何；why為什么；where哪里。根據(jù)“Byusingthem...”可知此處詢(xún)問(wèn)方式，疑問(wèn)詞用how。故選B。句子種類(lèi)用法示例1.陳述句用來(lái)陳述事實(shí)或表達(dá)說(shuō)話者看法的句子。句末用句號(hào)。有肯定句和否定句兩種形式。Thisisabeautifulgarden.這是一座漂亮的花園。Wedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.我們昨天沒(méi)上學(xué)。2.疑問(wèn)句用來(lái)提問(wèn)的句子。句末用問(wèn)號(hào)。有一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句四種，初中階段要求掌握前三種。（1）一般疑問(wèn)句用yes或no回答的問(wèn)句。Areyouastudent?你是學(xué)生嗎？Doyoulikesinging?你喜歡唱歌嗎？（2）特殊疑問(wèn)句需要使用相應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)提問(wèn)。常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)詞：what什么，whattime幾點(diǎn)，when何時(shí)，where何地，why為什么，which哪個(gè)，who誰(shuí)，whom（賓格）誰(shuí)，whose誰(shuí)的，how如何，howold多大年紀(jì)，howmuch多少，howmany多少，howoften多久一次，howfar多遠(yuǎn)，howlong多久，howsoon多久以后WhoisyourEnglishteacher?你們的英語(yǔ)老師是誰(shuí)？Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?你家里有幾口人？Whichbikeisyours?哪輛單車(chē)是你的？Howdidyougetthere?你怎么到那兒的？Whosebookisonthefloor?誰(shuí)的書(shū)在地板上？HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?你學(xué)英語(yǔ)多久了？（3）選擇疑問(wèn)句選擇部分由連詞or連接。Whatwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?你想喝什么，茶還是咖啡？Areyougoingtothecinemaorthelibrary?你是去電影院還是圖書(shū)館？3.祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、要求、建議等的句子。通常不用主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)。否定形式：Don’t/Never+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。為了使語(yǔ)氣顯得客氣，可在句首或者句尾加上please。please在句尾時(shí)，前面一般要加一個(gè)逗號(hào)。Listentomecarefully.仔細(xì)聽(tīng)我講。Bequiet!安靜！Don’ttalkloudinthelibrary.別在圖書(shū)館里大聲喧嘩。Neverswimintheriver.不要在河里游泳。Pleasecomethisway.請(qǐng)這邊走。Sitdown,please.請(qǐng)坐。4.感嘆句表示驚喜、憤怒、贊賞等感情的句子。多用what和how引導(dǎo)，句末用感嘆號(hào)。（1）what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（中心詞是名詞）·What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))！·What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))！·What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))！Whatalovelygirlsheis!她是個(gè)多可愛(ài)的女孩??！Whataninterestingbookitis!這是一本多么有趣的書(shū)??！Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!這些花多么漂亮呀！Whatniceweatherwehavetoday!今天天氣真好?。?）how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（中心詞是形容詞或副詞）·How+形容詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))！·How+副詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))！Howdirtyyourhandsare!你的手太臟啦！Howfasttheboyisrunning!那個(gè)男孩跑得真快！一、選擇填空1.Mike________abasketballbuthe________abaseball.A.has;nothave B.has;doesn’thave C.has;doesn’thas D.has;isn’thave2.—________isthesportswatch?—Theredoneontheshelf?Oh,it’s10dollars.A.Whatcolor B.Where C.Howmuch D.What3.—______doesyourschoolhaveatripthisterm?—OnJanuary21.A.What B.Why C.Who D.When4.—_________homeworkdoeshedoeveryday?—Abouthalfanhourofhomeworkoneachsubject.A.Howlong B.Howoften C.Howmuch D.Howsoon5.—________isthebagofrice?—It’sfivekilos.A.Howmany B.Howmuch C.Howheavy D.Howlong6.—________istheletterfrom?—It’sfromEngland.A.Who B.Where C.What D.When7.—________arethebooks?

—Theyare59yuan.A.Whatnumber B.Whatcolor C.Howold D.Howmuch8.—________—It’sTuesdaythefirst.A.Whatdayisittoday？ B.What’sthedatetoday?C.What’stoday? D.When’stoday?9.—________willyourgrandmothercomebackfromthehospital?

—Inoneweek.A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howoften D.Howmuch10.E-mailisverypopulartoday.Peoplehardlysendletters,________?A.didthey B.dothey C.didn’tthey D.don’tthey11.—________honeydoweneedtomakefruitsalad?—Justaspoon.A.Howmany B.Howmuch C.Howlong D.Howfar12.—Doesyoursisterhaveafootball?

—________.Butshehasabaseball.A.Yes,shedoes B.Yes,sheis C.No,shedoesn’t D.No,sheisn’t13.________afraidofmakingmistakesandjusthaveatry.A.Don’tbeing B.Don’tbe C.Notbe14.—Don’tforgettotakeanumbrellawithyou.It’llrainthisafternoon.

—________.Iwilltaketheraincoatyouboughtmelastweek.A.No,Idon’t B.Yes,Ido C.No,Iwon’t D.Yes,Iwill15.________funwehadatthepartyyesterday!Thankyouforinvitingus.A.How B.Howa C.What D.Whata16.________helpfuladviceyougaveusonprotectingpersonalinformationtheotherday!A.What B.Whata C.Whatan D.How17._______excitingfootballgame!A.How B.Whata C.Whatan D.Howan18.ThousandsofpeoplecometovisitKunmingeveryyear.________beautifulcitymyhometownis!A.How B.Howa C.Whata D.What19.—________excitingthepartywas!—Yes.Itwas________excitingthatIwouldneverforgetit.A.Whatan;such B.How;suchan C.What;so D.How;so20.—______coldweatheritis!—Yes,itis.Ihopeitwillbewarmerlater.A.Whata B.What C.Howa D.How21.—________wonderfultheschoolartfestivalis!Ihopetoattenditnextyear.—Youcan.It’sourschooltradition.A.Howa B.What C.Whata D.How22.—________amazingMichaelJackson’smusicaltalentwas!—Exactly.HewastheKingofPop.A.How B.What C.Howan D.Whatan23.—WewentboatingonLuguLakeandenjoyedthebeautifulscenerylastvacation.—_______wonderfulmemoryitwas!A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa24.Therobotcanhelpussweepthefloor.________usefulinventionitis!A.How B.Howa C.Whatan D.Whata25.________specialclasseswehad!Wehavelearnedalotaboutpapercutting.A.Whata B.Whatan C.What D.How26.—Charlie,IhaveneverbeentoHarbinIceandSnowWorld.—________,butIplantogotherethiswintervacation.A.SohaveI B.NeitherhaveI C.NordoI D.NeitherIhave27.—Taianisreallyacomfortablecitytolivein.—________.Andit’sworld-famousforMountTai.A.Soitdoes B.Soitis C.Soisit D.Sodoesit28.—Idon’tlikehorrorfilms.They’reterrible.Whataboutyou?—______.Theyseemtobefullofmysteries,butinfact,they’requitestupid.A.NeitherdoI B.EitherdoI C.SodoI D.Sodon’tI29.GinaandIaregoodfriends.Ifshedoesn’tagreeontheplan,________.A.sodoI B.neitherdoI C.sowillI D.neitherwillI30.(2023·甘肅)________tryinganddoyourbest.A.Keep B.Keeping C.Tokeep D.Kept31.(2023·遼寧一模)—_______lateforschoolagain,Tim!—Sorry,IpromisethatI_______.A.Don’t;won’t B.Don’tbe;won’tC.Don’tbe;don’t D.Don’t;will32.__________yourumbrella,oryou’llcatchacoldonsucharainyday.A.Take B.Totake C.TakingD.Taken33.Please.Theboyisstudying.A.notnoisyB.don’tnoisyC.nottobenoisyD.don’tbenoisy34.morebooks,andyouwillimproveyourreadingskills.

A.Reading B.ReadC.Reads D.Toread35.(2023·江蘇南通).—Excuseme,________istheGengsuTheatrefromthishotel?—It’sabouttenminutesifyoutakeataxi.A.howfar B.howlong C.howsoon D.howmuch36.(2023·甘肅)—________doyoulearnthesewordsbyheart?—Byusingthemindifferentways.A.When B.How C.Why D.Where37.(2023·江蘇無(wú)錫)________isyourhometown?Ican’tfinditanywhereonthemap.A.What B.Which C.When D.Where38.(2023·遼寧撫順)—________haveyoubeenamemberofthefootballteam?—Fortwoyears.A.Howmuch B.Howoften C.Howmany D.Howlong39.(2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春)—_______doyouvisityourgrandparents?—Onceaweek.IplaychesswiththemeverySundayevening.A.Howoften B.Howmuch C.Howlong D.Howfar40.TherewerefewnewwordsintheEnglishcompetitionforyourdaughter,________?A.werethere B.weren’tthere C.didn’tthey D.didthey41.He’sneverbeenlateforschool,________?A.hashe