句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)課件市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎?wù)n件

requireearndevoteinformdonaterequirementheadmasterliteratureavailableenjoyablechallengingfluentsomehowfluentlydifferentlyusually句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第1頁第1頁英語詞性分類詞類又叫詞性，英語詞性共有十大類。PartsofSpeech句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第2頁第2頁1名詞

nounn.student學(xué)生2代詞pronounpron.you你

3形容詞

adjectiveadj.happy高興4副詞

adverbadv.quickly快速地

5動詞

verbv.cut砍、割6數(shù)詞

numeralnum.three三

7冠詞

articleart.a一個8介詞

prepositionprep.at在...9連詞conjunctionconj.and和10感嘆詞

interjectioninterj.oh哦實詞虛詞句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第3頁第3頁英語句子成份取得英語語法成功基石句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第4頁第4頁

句子是由詞按照一定語法結(jié)構(gòu)組成。

組成句子各個部分叫做句子成份。

★句子成份：主·謂·賓·表補·定·狀·同位語句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第5頁第5頁

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓同位語↓狀語句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第6頁第6頁㈠主語（subject）

句子說明人或事物,

主語普通位于______

。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化形容詞）（句子）句首句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第7頁第7頁找出以下句中主語并說出是有什么來充當(dāng)1.Thesunrisesintheeast.

2.Seeingisbelieving.

3.Toseeistobelieve.

4.Whatheneedsisabook.5.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名詞）

（動名詞）

（不定式）（句子）（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第8頁第8頁當(dāng)不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，預(yù)防頭重腳輕，所以慣用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。什么情況下用it作形式主語？句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第9頁第9頁你能劃出以下句子真正主語嗎?你知道翻譯以下句子嗎？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()

3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.()說謊是錯誤。爭吵是沒用。誰要來還不確定。句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第10頁第10頁㈡

謂語（predicate

）

說明主語動作、狀態(tài)和特征，用動詞充當(dāng)（有時不止一個動詞），主謂普通要靠在一起。簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第11頁第11頁

選出以下句中謂語①Helookedupthewordinthedictionary.A.lookedB.lookedup

C.lookedupthewordD.inthedictionary②Hehascaughtabadcold.

A.hasB.caught

C.hascaughtD.abadcold③Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.A.runningB.practicesrunningC.practicesD.everymorning句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第12頁第12頁Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名詞）

(

代詞）(數(shù)詞)(名詞化形容詞)(三)賓語（object

）動作對象或承受者，由n.或相當(dāng)于n.詞擔(dān)任。置于_________或______之后。（不定式）（動名詞）（句子）及物動詞介詞句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第13頁第13頁

有些及物動詞如give,tell,bring,buy等能夠帶雙賓語，一個指人，一個指物。通常情況下，指物叫直接賓語，指人叫間接賓語。間接賓語多放在直接賓語之前?！g接賓語↓直接賓語●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.Hegaveme

somebooks.句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第14頁第14頁賓語有三種動賓Iboughtabook.直接/間接賓語

ShegaveJohn

abook．介賓Theytalkaboutabook.注意句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第15頁第15頁

挑出以下句中賓語①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Theteacherturnedoffthelights.④He'llgiveusatalk.

⑤Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第16頁第16頁（四）表語（predicative

）在系動詞后部分就是表語Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第17頁第17頁系動詞1.表狀態(tài)be(am,is,are)2.表感官sound,taste,feel，look,seem,appear3.表連續(xù)keep,remain,stay,standYoukeepquite!5.表改變become,grow,come,go6.表終止prove,turnout證實…句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第18頁第18頁Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.（五）賓語補足語（objectcomplement）

補充說明賓語情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。與賓語一起組成復(fù)合賓語。慣用動詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let等?

?句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第19頁第19頁

（六）同位語（appositive）

位于名詞或代詞后面，解釋說明它們性質(zhì)和情況，二者語法功效相同，后面是前面同位語。Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第20頁第20頁（七）定語（attributive

）Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54

studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞全部格)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)對n./pron.進(jìn)行修飾限定成份，漢語中用‘……’表示。()()()()()()句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第21頁第21頁定語后置：假如定語是一個單詞時，通常要前置。而由一個詞組或一個句子表示時，通常后置。Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第22頁第22頁用以修飾adj./v./adv.及全句成份,狀語位置靈活。Iamverysorry.Weoftenhelphim.

WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時間狀語)（八）狀語（adverbial）句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第23頁第23頁狀語分類:狀語按照內(nèi)容可分為時間,地點,原因,目標(biāo),結(jié)果,條件,讓步,方式,程度,伴隨情況等.表示時間、地點、目標(biāo)狀語普通位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時放句首。句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第24頁第24頁畫出以下句子狀語

Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第25頁第25頁

句子成份鞏固練習(xí)

句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第26頁第26頁（一）指出以下句子劃線部分是什么句子成份：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第27頁第27頁（二）分析以下各句中所包含句子成份句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第28頁第28頁1.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.

Lastweek

I

went

tothesupermarket.

狀主謂狀2.Theplaywasveryinteresting.

Theplay

was

very

interesting.

主系狀表3.Ican’thearaword.

I

can’thear

aword.

主謂賓4.Theyweretalkingloudly.

They

weretalking

loudly.

主謂狀句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第29頁第29頁4.ItwasSunday.

It

was

Sunday.

主系表5.InevergetupearlyonSundays.

I

never

getup

early

onSundays.

主狀謂狀狀6.Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.

I

lookedat

theyoungmanandthe

主謂賓

youngwoman

angrily.

賓狀句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第30頁第30頁7.Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.

I

read

afew

lines,but

I

didn’t

主謂定賓連主謂

understand

aword.

謂賓8.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.

Myholidays

passed

quickly,but

I

主謂狀連主

didn’tsend

cards

tomyfriends.

謂賓賓句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第31頁第31頁9.Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.

I

gotup

early

and

bought

thirty

cards.主謂狀連謂定賓10.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.He

isworking

forabigfirm

and

he

has

主謂狀連主謂already

visited

agreatnumberof

different

狀謂定定places

inAustralia.賓定句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第32頁第32頁11.HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.

He

has

just

bought

acar

and

主謂狀謂賓連hasgone

toAliceSprings,asmalltown

謂狀同位語inthecentreofAustralia.

定句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第33頁第33頁12.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.

He

callsat

everyhouse

inthestreet

主謂賓定

onceamonth

and

always

asksfor

狀連狀謂amealandaglassofbeer.

賓句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第34頁第34頁13.Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschool.

You

willtell

your

friend

主謂定間賓

thatyou’ve

gottoschool.

直賓句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第35頁第35頁nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主語謂語賓語賓語賓補表語賓語(間)賓語(直)Vt系動詞ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitive英語句子基本成分示意圖be/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第36頁第36頁1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

6.Thereliesabookonthedesk.主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語??主+謂+賓+賓補Therebe句型簡單句基本句型實例句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第37頁第37頁Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice??主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語主+謂+賓+賓補句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第38頁第38頁隸屬成份基本成份修飾語。能夠是：定語：即用來修飾名詞單詞、短語或從句狀語：即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外詞單詞、短語或從句。定語Poor

Johntotteredtowardahospitalnearby．ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.JohngaveMarymany

books，whicharefullofillustrations．Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?Theboyplayingoverthereismybrother.Peopletherelikesports.句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第39頁第39頁Johnoftencametochatwithme．Johnlikesorangesverymuch．Wheneverhegetsdrunk，JohnmakesMaryveryangry．Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Ashewasill,

hedidn’tcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschool

tenyearsago.You’dbetterstayhere.狀語句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第40頁第40頁按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分：1)簡單句2)并列句3)復(fù)合句句子類型句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第41頁第41頁簡單句只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。（即只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)），它是最小句子單位。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendraws

picturesforthewallnewspapers.句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第42頁第42頁我們能夠給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語修飾，給句子動詞加上副詞修飾或給句子加上狀語修飾等，以使整個句子意思變得更豐富和充實。但不論怎樣變，都只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。Heworkedhardallhislife.(劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾動詞worked)HeisaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.

(劃線部分在句中作定語，修飾名詞student)句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第43頁第43頁e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.并列句句型：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句并列句是由兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接而成。并列句中各簡單句意義同等主要，相互之間沒有隸屬關(guān)系，是平行并列關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第44頁第44頁practiceThisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbut

soHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第45頁第45頁就是含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，必定有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子主句部分，而另一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)則是句子次要部分，即從句部分。句型主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句；或引導(dǎo)詞+從句+主句復(fù)合句句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第46頁第46頁句型主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句；或引導(dǎo)詞+從句+主句TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.、(when引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisgettingmoreandmorepowerful.(as引導(dǎo)一個定語從句)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(Where引導(dǎo)一個地點狀語從句)句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第47頁第47頁名詞性從句狀語從句定語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句復(fù)合句中從句包含Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第48頁第48頁

Myroommatewassleeping,wedidn’twanttowakeherup.請用所學(xué)知識更正以下病句Myroommatewassleeping.Wedidn’twanttowakeherup.Myroommatewassleeping,sowedidn’twanttowakeherup.IwenttobedbecauseIwastired.

Iwenttobed.BecauseIwastired.句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第49頁第49頁

Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthemisTaiwanIsland.Chinahashundredsofislands,andthelargestofthemisTaiwanIsland

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第50頁第50頁Exercises判斷句型1.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentontohelphismother.2.Whathesaysdoesn’tsuitwhathedoes.

(簡單句劃線部分在句中作狀語，修飾整個句子)

(復(fù)合句包含兩個名詞性從句：Whathesays是一個主語從句；whathedoes是一個賓語從句)句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第51頁第51頁3.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.4.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?簡單句復(fù)合句簡單句句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第52頁第52頁6.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.7.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.8.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.并列句

復(fù)合句

簡單句句子成份和結(jié)構(gòu)課件第53頁第53頁9.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.10.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,is