詞匯與語法第3講(詞匯-名詞-代詞-主謂一致)市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎?wù)n件

詞匯與語法

第3講

名詞&主謂一致第1頁語法部分《考試綱領(lǐng)》對語法要求：名詞、代詞數(shù)和格組成及其使用方法動詞基本時態(tài)、語態(tài)組成及其使用方法；形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級組成及其使用方法；慣用連接詞、冠詞詞義及其使用方法；非謂語動詞（不定式、動名詞、分詞）組成及其使用方法；虛擬語氣組成及其使用方法；各類從句組成及其使用方法；強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)及其使用方法；慣用倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)及其使用方法。

第2頁重點語法及答題技巧點撥

名詞、代詞（第三講）、冠詞、連詞、數(shù)詞特殊使用方法主謂一致-(真題回顧)（第三講）動詞時態(tài)（第四講）虛擬語氣、倒裝句（第五講）、非謂語動詞、強調(diào)句（第六講）、從句、反義疑問句（第七講）副詞,介詞(短語),動詞短語比較級，最高級第3頁對名詞，代詞考查主要包含：不可數(shù)名詞量表示（P196）；名詞全部格；反身代詞，不定代詞主謂一致（考查名詞代詞常與主謂一致相結(jié)合）MaryandLinda’sbookMary’sandLinda’sbooks.人名+’s=某人店鋪，家庭，學校等地點。IusuallybuysomemeatattheJohnson’s.TheytookpartinthebirthdaypartyatTom’s.名詞&代詞第4頁of全部格名詞詞組第二次出現(xiàn)時，用that/those代替。ThepopulationofNewYorkisgreaterthanthatofChicago.ItseemsthatthestudentsofUSAaremoreactivethanthoseofChina.用磚頭建房子比用木頭建堅固。名詞&代詞第5頁練習Idon’tknow_____standingoverthere.thegirl’snameB.thename’sgirlthenameofthegirlD.thename’sofgirl2.Today’slibrariesdiffergreatfrom_______.thepastB.thoseofthepastC.thatarepastD.thosepast3.Thepoliceinvestigatethe______aboutthebankrobbery.A.stander-byB.standers-byC.stander-bysD.standers-bys名詞&代詞第6頁真題回顧1.IrespectOprah’sopinion,butIwouldalsolikehertorespect____.A.myownB.mine’sC.mineD.me√√2.____isagreatpitythattherearesomedisagreementsintheschoolboardmeeting.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.There名詞&代詞第7頁4.Thereare40teachersinthisschool,tenofwhomare_____.manteachersB.menteacherC.manteacherD.menteachers√名詞&代詞3.WelikeourEnglishteacherbecausesheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.A.usB.ourC.weD.ours√第8頁主謂一致

（考查名詞代詞常與主謂一致相結(jié)合）第9頁１．兩個或兩個以上做主語單數(shù)名詞用and連接，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)．TomandDick_______(be)goodfriends.但若表示一個集合體時則用單數(shù)。Asingeranddancer______(be)presentattheparty.Theworkerandwriter___(be)talkingtothestudents.arewasis第10頁2．用and連接兩個名詞若被no,each,every,manya修飾，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Nobirdandnobeast______(be)seeninthebareisland.Manyaboyandmanyagirl______(have)madesuchafunnyexperiment.AtChristmaseachboyandeachgirl_____(be)givenapresent.ishasis第11頁3.兩個主語由notonly…butalso,or,either…or,neither…nor等連接時，謂語動詞與第二個主語保持一致．EitherheorI_____(be)togothere.______(be)eitheryouorhegoingtoattendthemeeting?amAre第12頁4.主語后有aswellas,like,with,togetherwith,but,except,besides,等，謂語應(yīng)于前面主語保持一致．Aprofessor,togetherwithsomestudents,_____(be)senttohelpinthework.Noonebuttheteachers_____(be)allowedtousetheroom.wasis第13頁5．一些集合名詞做主語，假如看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；假如指其中組員，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)．如audience,committee，class,crew,family,government,public等.但people,police等只能用復(fù)數(shù)．Myfamily_____(be)abigfamily.Myfamily_____(be)listeningtotheradio.Thepolice____(be)tryingtocatchthethief.isareare第14頁6．表示時間、重量、長度等名詞，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但作為一個整體看，謂語還是用單數(shù)。Fiveminutes____(be)enough.Onedollarandseventyeightcents__(be)whatshehas.isis第15頁7.all作為主語，代表人物時，普通用作復(fù)數(shù)；代表整個事件或情況時，普通看作單數(shù)。AllthatIwant_____(be)agooddictionary.All______(be)silent.人人都緘口無言。萬籟俱寂。All______(be)outofdanger.iswere/arewere/are第16頁8．形容詞加定冠詞the表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Whatalifethepoor____(be)living!Theyoung___(be)happytogivetheirseatstotheold.wereare第17頁9．who,which,that作定語從句主語時，其謂語取決于先行詞。Thosewhowanttogoshouldsignyournameshere.Heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.第18頁10.以-ics結(jié)尾學科名稱通常作單數(shù).physics(物理學)、mathematics(數(shù)學)、mechanics(機械學)、politics(政治學)、statistics(統(tǒng)計學)、economics(經(jīng)濟學)等第19頁還有一些以-s接單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞，如:headquarters(總部),means(方法、伎倆),series(系列),species(種類),works(工廠)等，隨即動詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于這些名稱是作單數(shù)，還是用作復(fù)數(shù)。Aheadquarterswassetuptodirecttheoperation(指揮作戰(zhàn)).Theonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtoarms(訴諸武力).第20頁12.假如作主語名詞詞組由“分數(shù)(或百分數(shù))+of-詞組”組成，其動詞形式依of-詞組中名詞類別而定。Oversixtypercentofthecity____(be)destroyedinthewar.Thirty-fivepercentofthedoctors______(be)women.waswere第21頁13.假如主語是allof...,someof...,noneof...,halfof...,mostof...等表示非確定數(shù)量名詞詞組，其后動詞形式依of-詞組中名詞類別而定。比如：Mostofthemoney_____recoveredbyDeputyPlayer.Mostofthemembers______there.Allofthecargo______lost.Allofthecrew______saved.waswerewaswere第22頁14.假如主語是由“akind/sort/typeof,thiskind/sort/typeof+名詞”組成，動詞用單數(shù)。Thiskindofmanannoysme.但若在kind/sort/type之前限定詞是these/those,同時，of-詞組中名詞又是復(fù)數(shù)，則動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：Thesekindsofmenannoyme.Thosetypes/sortsofmachinesareuptodate(最新，最近，當代).第23頁15.1)由who,why,how,whether等wh-詞引導名詞性分句作主語，其后動詞通慣用單數(shù)。WhowillbechosentotheBeijing

is

notdecided.2).兩個由and連接并列名詞性分句作主語，假如主語表示兩件事情，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。比如：Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforit

remainamysterytous.第24頁主謂一致真題回顧1.Theeducatorandscholar

fromShanghai.（年真題）A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming2.Manya____realizedthatthisdoesn’tmakeanysense.（年真題）A.personshasB.personshaveC.personhasD.personhave第25頁3.Whattheysaid_____usmuchtothinkabout.（年真題）A.haveleftB.hasleftC.isleftD.areleft4.Adoctor,alongwithagroupofyoungnurses,__goingtodemonstratetheheartoperationprocess.（年真題）A.isB.areC.willD.shall

第26頁5.Neitheroftheemployeesnortheboss____satisfiedwiththeprofits.（年真題）A.were B.wasC.be D.been6.Thecomputer,workingveryfast,___dataatthespeedoflight.（年真題）handlesB.handlingC.HandledD.hashandled7.Inthefallthecattle

fromthehighcountrybackdowntothefarm.（年真題）isdrivenB.aredrivenC.drivesD.drive第27頁8.Whenandwheretoholdthemeeting______notdecidedyet.（年真題）isB.areC.hasD.have9.Aftercarefulinvestigationwefindthatoneofthestatements_______tobeuntrue.（年真題）A.isturnedoutB.havebeenturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.haveturnedout10.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren______astronginfluenceonthecharacteroftheirchildren.（年真題）A.haveB.hasC.havingD.had第28頁第29頁第30頁1.the+adj.theunemployedthepoor/richthequestionedthestruggledthedisadvantagedtheinjuredTheinjuredweretakentohospitalfortreatment.theoldtheyoungThedisadvantaged,includingthedisabledandtheelderlyneedmorecareandsupportfromthesociety.冠詞第31頁2.零冠詞使用專有名詞：TiananmenSquare節(jié)假日:NewYear’sDay,Mayday,Christmas,AprilFools’Day(中秋，端午例外)雜志：NewsWeek,Times,Reader’sDigest一年四季:spring,summer,fall/autumn,winter冠詞第32頁3.固定搭配及與冠詞相關(guān)表示使用定冠詞表示bythewayintheendinthefaceofinthefutureintheworld終究，到底intheleast絲毫，一點Idon’tthinkyouneedtoworryintheleast.我認為你一點都不用擔心。ontheaverageonthecontraryontheonehand,ontheotherhandonthespot當場，在現(xiàn)場onthewhole總來說冠詞第33頁thedaybeforeyesterdayforthetimebeingatthecostof以。。。為代價Moreandmorecountriesaredevelopingtheirindustriesatthecostofenvironment.totheextentof到。。。程度tellthetruth冠詞第34頁使用不定冠詞表示asamatteroffact,asarule,haveachance,haveagoodtime,haveasay,haveatry,keepaneyeon,onalargescale,inahurry,takeawalk,takeaninterestin不使用冠詞表示atnoon/night/dawn,infrontof,atbottom,inorder,inpublic/private/danger/trouble/advance/sight/infashion,infact,athand,atlast,atpresent,dayandnight,ontopof,takepartin,takeplace冠詞第35頁真題回顧Themotheraskedtheboystoput____everythingin____orderbeforetheylefttheroom.(10)A.the,aB.an,theC./,aD./,/√冠詞第36頁連詞重點點撥一、連詞屬于虛詞之一，它不能在句子里獨立地擔任句子成份，而只能起連接作用——連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子。比如：Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?（連接詞與詞）您是品茗，還是喝咖啡？Dowehaveourmeetinginthemorningorintheafternoon?（連接短語與短語）我們是早晨開會，還是下午開會？Doitcarefully,oryou’llmakesomemistake.（連接句子與句子）認真地干，不然會出差錯。連詞第37頁二、連詞主要可分成兩類：①并列連詞:用來連接平行對等（即互不隸屬）詞、詞組、或分句。按其表示不一樣意思有下面幾個：1）表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思but,yet,however,nevertheless2）表示因果關(guān)系for,so,therefore,hence3）表示并列關(guān)系and,or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also),both…and,aswellas連詞第38頁②隸屬連詞:是用來引發(fā)從句，它在主句和從句中間起連接作用。詳細地說，隸屬連詞主要引發(fā)名詞從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句）和狀語從句，不會引發(fā)定語從句。1.引發(fā)名詞從句連詞：that,whether,if2.引發(fā)狀語從句連詞：1）時間狀語從句：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,instantly,directly2）地點狀語從句：where,wherever3）原因狀語從句：as,because,since,seeing(that),considering(that),nowthat,notthat…butthat4）目標狀語從句：that,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase連詞第39頁5）結(jié)果狀語從句：that,so…that,such…that6）條件狀語從句：if,unless,so/aslongas,sofaras,oncondition(that),provided(that)7）讓步狀語從句：though,although,nomatter,evenif,eventhough,however,whatever8）比較狀語從句：than,as9）方式狀語從句：as,asif,asthough連詞第40頁真題回顧Westoredupsomefoodandwater____thingsgotworse.(08)eventhoughB.whatifC.nowthatD.incase√√2.Weshouldlearnfromthislessonandconsiderthelong-terminfluenceofdams_______theshort-termbenefits.(08)ratherthanB.owingtoC.becauseofD.orelse連詞第41頁3.Herhairwasgoldenwhenshewasachild,butitwentdarker_____shegrewup.(08)A.IfB.asC.sinceD.even√√4.Calltheuniversityoperator,____youwillfindthephonenumberofProfessorSmith.(08)A.SoB.andC.whenD.before連詞第42頁5._____itsgoodperformance,themachineistooexpensive.(09)BesidesB.ExceptforC.InspiteofD.Apartfrom√6.Youmaywriteane-mailtomeorjustphoneme._____willdo.(09)A.EachB.EitherC.NeitherD.None√連詞第43頁7.Doyoulikepopmusicorcountrymusic?_____.Ionlylikesports.(10)A.EachB.EitherC.NeitherD.Both√Itwasalreadyteno’clockintheevening_______wearrivedatthehotel.(10)A.sinceB.whileC.thatD.when√9._______achangeofweather,pleasetakethecoatwithyou.(11)BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor√第44頁寫作中慣用過渡詞能夠分為以下幾類：（1）表并列關(guān)系過渡詞：

and,also，aswell,aswellas，or,too,notonly…butalso,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。

（2）表遞進關(guān)系過渡詞：

besides,inaddition（加之，除……之外）,moreover(另外，而且),what’smore，what’sworse等。（3）表轉(zhuǎn)折對比過渡詞：

but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,differentfrom,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,notonly…butalso,theformer…thelatter,thefirst…whereasthesecond,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,some…others等。

第45頁（4）表原因過渡詞：

because,becauseof,since,as,for,nowthat,thanksto,dueto,forthisreason,owingto,

consideringthat,seeingthat等。

（5）表結(jié)果過渡詞：

so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat,then,hence,so…that,such…that,accordingly等。（6）表條件過渡詞：

if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas等。第46頁（7）表時間過渡詞：

when,while,after,before,until,assoonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,fromthenon,eventually,inthemeantime,then,suddenly,atthesametime,next,earlythismorning/year/century,afterawhile,inafewdays,now,presently,finally,atlast,allofasudden,formnowon,atpresent,immediately,themoment等。

（8）表特定次序關(guān)系過渡詞：

first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,aboveall,firstofall,then,next,finally,intheend,atlast,afterwards（以后）,meanwhile（幾乎同時）,thereafter（在那以后）,last,finally,eventually（終于）等。

第47頁（9）表換一個方式表示過渡詞：

inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway等。（10）表進行舉例說明過渡詞：

forinstance,forexample,take…asanexample,namely,suchas,like,inotherwords,thatistosay,thatis等。（11）表陳說事實過渡詞：

infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth等。（12）表強調(diào)過渡詞：

certainly,indeed,aboveall,surely,mostimportant,infact,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,ofcourse,actually,asamatteroffact,chiefly,especially,primarily,inparticular,undoubtedly,absolutely等。

第48頁（13）表比較、對比過渡詞：

like,unlike,inthesameway,similarly,besimilarto,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ononehand…,ontheotherhand,otherwise等。（14）表目標過渡詞：

forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto等。（15）表總結(jié)過渡詞：

inaword(總之，簡言之),ingeneral,inshort(總之),generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusioninsummary,onthewhole等。

（16）表增補過渡詞：inaddition,furthermore,besides,moreover,what’smore等。

第49頁數(shù)詞主關(guān)鍵點撥第50頁一、基數(shù)詞及其主要使用方法：表示數(shù)目標詞稱基數(shù)詞。15fifteen242twohundredandforty-two，5058fivethousandandfifty-eight，9,600,000ninemillionsixhundredthousand數(shù)詞第51頁1.基數(shù)詞能夠用于數(shù)字計算。6+8=14Sixpluseightisfourteen.9-7=2Nineminussevenistwo.7X5=35Seventimesfiveisthirty-five.8÷4=2Eightdividedbyfouristwo.2．基數(shù)詞能夠表示人大致年紀和年代。Hediedinhisfifties.Thistookplacein1990s/1990's.Theprofessorbecamesuccessfulinhisthirties.數(shù)詞第52頁3．基數(shù)詞能夠用來表示年份、時間、電話號碼。1700seventeenhundred1814eighteenfourteen9:20ninetwenty11:30eleventhirty/halfpasteleven5:45fiveforty-five/aquartertosix4．基數(shù)詞能夠用于編號。Numbersix,line4,page19,Bus(No.)332,Platform(No.)5,Room101數(shù)詞第53頁5．基數(shù)詞能夠和其它詞一起組成合成形容詞，在句子中作定語。Aone-month-oldbabycanrecognizeitsmotherbysmell.Thiseleven-month-oldbabycanspeakafewwords.(Thebabyiselevenmonthsold.)Theteacheraskedustowriteafour-thousand-wordessayasourhomework.(Therearefour