高中英語必修5講義Module1Section1

Ⅰ.Matchthewordwithitsmeaning.1．a(chǎn)ccentA．不斷地；持續(xù)地2．obviousB．口音3．switchC．評論；講話4．queueD．比較5．confusingE．種類6．pareF．不同，有區(qū)別7．varietyG．排隊(等候)8．differH．令人困惑的；難懂的9．remarkI．開關(guān)10．steadilyJ．顯然的；顯而易見的答案：1～5BJIGH6～10DEFCAⅡ.Writedownthemeaningofphrasesineachsentence.1．Thesethingsseemdifferent,buttheyhavealotinmoninfact.有很多共同點2．Whatyouhavetoldmemaymakeadifferencetomychoice.Ihavechangedmymindnow.有影響3．Iwishtogetaroundallovertheworldoneday.四處旅行4．Sometimessmallmistakescanleadtoserioustrouble.導致5．Thisshootingissimilartotheonethathappenedtwodaysago.與……相似6．Ihavedifficulty(in)learningmathsandIamsoworried.學習有困難WehavelearntEnglishforalongtime.DoyouknowinwhichcountriespeoplespeakEnglish？Thefollowingpicturescanhelpyou.ABCDEF答案：A：England;_B：America;_C：Canada;_D：Australia;_E：New_Zealand;_F：South_AfricaⅠ.FastreadingMatchthefollowingparagraphswiththeirmainideas.①Paras1～2A．Someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother—wherevertheyare.②Para3B．Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.Buttherearesomewordsandexpressionsnotsowellknown.③Para4C．BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentinspellingandpronunciation.④Paras5～7D．Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar.答案：①B②D③C④AⅡ.CarefulreadingReadthetextagainandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．InwhichofthefollowingwaysdoBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishmostobviouslydiffer?A．Pronunciation.B．Accent.C．Vocabulary.D．Grammar.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A．FrenchfriesinAmericaarecalledchipsinBritain.B．ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciation.C．WhenyouvisitNewYork,youneedtousethesubway.D．Americansuseatorch,butfortheBritish,it'saflashlight.3．WhatcausessomepeopletobelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear?A．ManyBritishwordsandstructuresaretooplex.B．LotsofAmericanwordsandstructuresarepassingintoBritishEnglish.C．ThenewsandtheweatherforecastsoftheAmericanTVnetworksareallmadeinAmericanEnglish.D．municationbetweenpeopleofthetwocountrieswouldbemucheasier.4．Accordingtothetext,inthefuture________．A．therewillbemanykindsof“Englishes”B．therewillbeonlytwomainvarietiesC．EnglishspeakerswillhavemoredifficultyunderstandingeachotherD．onlyAmericanEnglishwillbeusedintheworld答案：1～4CDBAⅢ.StudyreadingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyamonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]當愛爾蘭作家喬治·蕭伯納說“英國和美國是被同一種語言分開的兩個民族”這句名言時，他顯然想到了它們之間的區(qū)別。2．Thisnonstopmunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.[句式分析]madeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother屬于“makeit＋adj./n.＋forsb./sth.todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是動詞不定式短語todosth.，形容詞/名詞作賓語補足語，for用于引出不定式的邏輯主語。[嘗試翻譯]專家們認為，這種不間斷的交流使英美兩國人相互理解起來更加容易。3．However,ifyouturnonCNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccents—American,British,Australian,andevenSpanish.[句式分析]本句為主從復合句，if引導條件狀語從句，從句中theAmericanTVnetwork為CNN的同位語；主句中破折號后的內(nèi)容為differentaccents的同位語。[嘗試翻譯]然而，如果你打開CNN——美國電視網(wǎng)，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)新聞播報員和天氣預報員都操著不同的口音——美國的、英國的、澳大利亞的，甚至西班牙的。[對應學生課時達標訓練(一)]閱讀理解AAmericanandBritishpeopleusedifferentgreetings.IntheUSAthemonestgreetingis“Hi！”.InBritainitis“Hello！”or“Howareyou？”.“Hi！”iscreeping(不知不覺地進入)intoBritishEnglish,too.Whentheyareintroducedtosomeone,theAmericanssay,“Gladtoknowyou.”TheBritishsay,“Howdoyoudo？”or“Pleasedtomeetyou.”WhenAmericanssay“Goodbye”，theynearlyalwaysadd“Haveagoodday.”or“Haveagoodtrip.”tofriendsandstrangersalike.Britonsarealreadybeginningtouse“Haveagoodday.”TheBritishusuallyuse“got”inthesenseof“have”.TheAmericanshardlyeverdo.AmericanEnglish:Doyouhaveacar,room,etc.？Yes,Ido.BritishEnglish:Haveyougotacar,room,etc.？Yes,Ihave.ManyAmericanwordsendingin“or”，e．g.honor,laborarespeltinBritishEnglishwithan“our”，e．g.honour,labour.ManyverbsinAmericanEnglishwith“ize”or“izing”forms,e．a(chǎn)nize,realizingarespeltinBritishEnglishwith“ise”or“ising”，e．g.organise,realising.InAmericanEnglish,“practice”isusedbothfortheverbandnoun.InBritishEnglish,theverbisspelt“practise”，andthenoun“practice”.InAmericanEnglish,onewrites“traveler”，whileinBritishEnglish,onewrites“traveller”．ItwasoncepredictedthatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbeeseparatelanguagesfinally.Buttheoppositehashappened.Thelinksbetweenthetwocountriesaresostrongthatlinguistically(語言上地),andprobablyculturallytoo,theyareclosertogetherthanever.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了英式和美式英語之間的差異，最后預測最終兩種語言將變成不同的語言或越來越接近。1．TheAmericanshardlysay“________”．A．Goodbye.Haveagoodday!B．Gladtoknowyou!C．Hi!D．Haveyougotacar?解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段所舉例子可知英國人常使用havegot，而美國人常使用have可知。2．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphtalkabout?A．TherearelotsofdifferencesinspellingbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.B．ThereasonswhytheAmericansandtheBritishusedifferentspellings.C．TherearefewdifferencesinspellingbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.D．ThedifferentusagesofwordsinAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.解析：選A段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段所舉例子可知英式和美式英語在拼寫上有很多差別。3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Thetwolanguagesmustbeeseparatelanguages.B．AmericanEnglishwillbeusedmoreandmore.C．Thetwolanguagesmaybecloserandcloser.D．BritishEnglishwillbeusedmoreandmore.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句可推知C項正確。4．Theunderlinedword“predicted”means“________”．A．explainedB．foretoldC．consideredD．proved解析：選B詞義猜測題。本文主要介紹了英式和美式英語之間的差異，最后預測最終兩種語言將變成不同的語言。故predict應為“預測”。explain“解釋”；consider“考慮；認為”；prove“證實”。BTheEnglishlanguagewasintroducedtotheAmericansthroughBritishcolonizationintheearly17thcenturyanditspreadtomanypartsoftheworld.Overtheyears,EnglishspokenintheUnitedStatesandinBritainaredifferentinmanyways.DifferencesinvocabularyWhileawordmaymeansomethinginBritishEnglish,itmightmeansomethingelseinAmericanEnglish.Forexample:anathleteinBritishEnglishisonewhojoinsintrackandfieldevents(田徑比賽),butanathleteinAmericanEnglishisonewhoparticipatesinsportsingeneral.__________________TherearealsoafewdifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishintheuseofprepositions.Forexample:whiletheBritishwouldplayinateam,Americanswouldplayonateam.Anotherexample:whiletheBritishwouldgooutattheweekend,Americanswouldgooutontheweekend.DifferencesinverbusageAmericanandBritishEnglishmayalsouseabaseverbindifferentmanners.Forexample:fortheverb“dream”，Americanswouldusethepasttense“dreamed”whiletheBritishwoulduse“dreamt”inthepasttense.Thesameappliesto“l(fā)earned”and“l(fā)earnt”.AnotherexampleofdifferingpasttensespellingsforverbsinAmericanandBritishEnglishis“forecast”.Americansuse“forecast”whiletheBritishwouldsay“forecasted”inthesimplepasttense.Thesewordshavethesamemeanings.DifferencesintimetellingBothlanguageshaveadifferentstructuresoftellingthetime.WhiletheBritishwouldsayaquarterpasttentoexpress10：15,itisunmoninAmericatosayaquarterafterorevenaquarterpastten.Thirtyminutesafterthehourismonlycalledhalfpastinbothlanguages.Americansalwayswritedigitaltimewithacolon,thus6：00,buttheBritishoftenuseapoint,6：00.語篇解讀：文章介紹了英式英語和美式英語之間的區(qū)別。5．AnathleteinAmericanEnglishreferstoapersonwho________．A．takespartinanykindofsportB．entersintotrackandfieldeventsC．haswonmedalsinsportsmeetingsD．hasthequalificationtoattendtheOlympicGames解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“butanathleteinAmericanEnglishisonewhoparticipatesinsportsingeneral”可知，在美式英語中athlete指的是參加任何一項體育運動的人。6．Whichofthefollowingcanfilltheblank?A．DifferencesinorallanguageB．DifferencesinpronunciationC．DifferencesintheuseoftensesD．Differencesintheuseofprepositions解析：選D段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段的“TherearealsoafewdifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishintheuseofprepositions.”可知，本段主要講美式英語和英式英語在介詞運用方面的差異。7．WhichoneisCORRECTfromthepassage?A．UsinghalfpasttwoismoninAmerica.B．TheAmericansusuallyuse“t”toshowapasttenseverb.C．ThereisnodifferencebetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.D．IfyouuseBritishEnglishinAmerica,theAmericanswillnotunderstandwhatyouaresaying.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thirtyminutesafterthehourismonlycalledhalfpastinbothlanguages.”可知，“halfpast”在兩種語言中都適用。故可知“halfpasttwo”在美式英語中是常見的。8．Bywritingthepassage,theauthorwantsto________．A．underlinetheimportanceoflearningasecondlanguageB．encouragepeopletolearndifferentlanguagesandculturesC．tellreaderssomedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishD．explainwhytherearesomanydifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish解析：選C寫作意圖題。作者寫這篇短文的目的是告訴讀者英式英語和美式英語的不同。CItissaidthatagreatmanythingsaboutlanguagesaremysterious,andmanywillalwaysbeso.Butsomethingswedoknow.Firstly,weknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsomekind.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguage,nosetofspeechsoundsbywhichthepeoplemunicatewithoneanother.Inhistoricaltimes,therehasneverbeenaraceofmenwithoutalanguage.Secondly,thereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.Therearemanypeoplewhoseculturesareunderdeveloped,whoare,aswesay,uncivilized,butthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknownlanguageswecanseeplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousandsofyearsindeveloping.Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood;indeed,thedirectcontraryhasoftenbeenstated.PopularideasofthelanguageoftheAmericanIndianswillillustrate.ManypeoplehaveguessedthattheIndiansmunicatedinaveryprimitivesystemofnoises.Studyhasprovedthistobenonsense.Thereare,orwere,hundredsofAmericanIndianlanguages,andallofthemturnouttobeveryplicatedandveryold.Theyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwith,buttheyarenomoreprimitivethanEnglishandGreek.Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesareperfectlyadequate.Thismeanseachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthecultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage.Finally,weknowthatlanguagechanges.It'snaturalandnormalforlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethedeadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookbackwardintime.Changegoesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdospeechsoundsandchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveandmayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage.語篇解讀：本文主要論述了關(guān)于語言的問題，不論哪個民族都有屬于自己的語言，而且都各有特色。9．Inthe2ndparagraphtheauthorthinksthat________．A．somebackwardracesdon'thavealanguageoftheirownB．someracesinhistorydidn'tpossessalanguageoftheirownC．a(chǎn)nyhumanrace,whetherbackwardornot,hasalanguageD．someracesonearthcanmunicatewithoutalanguage解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguage...”可知作者認為任何人種不管落后與否都有語言。故選C。10．Astheauthorsays,peopleofunderdevelopedculturescanhave________languages.A．plicatedB．uncivilizedC．primitiveD．wellknown解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Secondly,thereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage...butthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive”可知選A。11．AmericanIndianlanguagesarementionedtoprovethattheyare________．A．a(chǎn)sfullydevelopedassomewellknownlanguagesB．moreprimitivethansomewellknownlanguagesC．moreplexthansomewellknownlanguagesD．justasprimitiveassomewellknownlanguages解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。作者列舉美國印第安人的語言的目的是證明這些語言和一些著名的語言一樣先進。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusarefamiliarwith,buttheyarenomoreprimitivethanEnglishandGreek”可知選A。12．Accordingtotheauthor,languagechangesaremostlikelyappearin________．A．grammarB．vocabularyC．intonationD．pronunciation解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofanylanguage.”可知，詞匯是語言中最容易發(fā)生變化的部分。Words,words,wordsBritishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentinmanyways.Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.TherearehundredsofdifferentwordswhicharenotusedontheothersideoftheAtlantic,orwhichareusedwithadifferentmeaning.Someofthesewordsarewellknown—Americansdriveautomobilesdownfreewaysandfillupwithgas;theBritishdrivecarsalongmotorwaysandfillupwithpetrol.Asatourist,youwillneedtousetheundergroundinLondonorthesubwayinNewYork,ormaybeyouwillprefertogetaroundthetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American)．ChipsorFrenchfries?Butotherwordsandexpressionsarenotsowellknown.Americansuseaflashlight,whilefortheBritish,it'satorch.TheBritishqueueup,Americansstandinline.Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightlydifferentmeaning,whichcanbeconfusing.Chips,forexample,arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain;intheStateschipsareverythinandaresoldinpackets.TheBritishcallthesecrisps.ThechipstheBritishknowandloveareFrenchfriesontheothersideoftheAtlantic.Haveorhavegot?Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishsayHaveyougot...？whileAmericanspreferDoyouhave...？AnAmericanmightsayMyfriendjustarrived,butaBritishpersonwouldsayMyfriendhasjustarrived.Prepositions,too,canbedifferent:pareontheteam,ontheweekend(American)withintheteam,attheweekend(British)．TheBritishuseprepositionswhereAmericanssometimesomitthem(I'llseeyouMonday;Writemesoon！)Colourorcolor?Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietiesdifferarespellingandpronunciation.Americanspellingseemssimpler:center,colorandprograminsteadofcentre,colourandprogramme.ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlersarrivedfourhundredyearsago.Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoBritishEnglish,canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyamonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.Butaretheyreallysoimportant?Afterall,thereisprobablyasmuchvariationofpronunciationwithinthetwocountriesasbetweenthem.ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingaScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.TurnontheTVSomeexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.FormorethanacenturymunicationsacrosstheAtlantichavedevelopedsteadily.Sincethe1980s，withsatelliteTVandtheInternet,ithasbeenpossibletolistentoBritishandAmericanEnglishattheflickofaswitch.Thisnonstopmunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.ButithasalsoledtolotsofAmericanwordsandstructurespassingintoBritishEnglish,sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappear.However,ifyouturnonCNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccents—American,British,Australian,andeve