陜西省寶雞教育聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)摸底考試試卷(一)英語(yǔ)試題【含答案】

2024屆高三摸底考試試卷(一)英語(yǔ)全卷滿(mǎn)分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡上，并將條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.請(qǐng)按題號(hào)順序在答題卡上各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.選擇題用2B鉛筆在答題卡上把所選答案的標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;非選擇題用黑色簽字筆在答題卡上作答;字體工整，筆跡清楚。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將試卷和答題卡一并上交。5.本卷主要考查內(nèi)容：高考范圍。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Howmuchwillthemanlendthewoman?A.3dollarsB.5dollars.C.8dollars.2.Whatwilltheweatherprobablybeliketomorrow?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Windy.3.WhatdidthewomandoduringtheSpringFestival?A.Shemetoldfriends.BShejuststayedathome.C.Shehadatripwithherfamily.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Intheclassroom.B.Inthedormitory.C.Inthecanteen.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Antarcticwaters.B.Antarcticanimals.C.Antarcticenvironment.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’s-daughter?A.Hard-working.B.Creative.C.Determined.7.Whatdoesthewoman’sdaughterstudyatuniversity?A.Biology.B.Chemistry.C.Music.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whydoesthewomanlikecooking?A.Shedoesn’tlikediningout.B.Shecangetasenseofsatisfactionfromcooking.C.Shelikesinvitingherfriendstoherhousetohavedinner.9.Whatisthewomanlearningtocookthesedays?A.Italianfood.B.Indianfood.C.Chinesefood.10.Wherewasthewomanjustnow?A.Atasupermarket.B.Athome.C.Athermother’shouse.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Wheredoesthewomantaketheclass?A.Inher-school.B.Inalibrary.C.Inacollege.12.WhydoesJameswanttolearnSpanish?A.Toworkatauniversity.B.Togetabetteraccent.C.TovisitArgentina.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Guideandtourist.C.Teacherandstudent.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatisthemaintransportationintheman’svillage?ATheplane.B.Theboat.C.Thecar15.Whattypeofworkdomanypeopleintheman’svillagedonow?A.Theyfishinaboat.B.Theydobusinessonline.C.Theymaketoolsbyhand.16.Howdoesthemanliketheoldlifestyle?A.It’seasy.B.It’sexciting.C.It’sboring17.Whatisthemanmostinterestedin?AComputergames.B.Modernclothes.C.Huntingtales.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WheredidChaseseeahomelesspersonforthefirsttime?A.Inalocalpark.B.Atashoppingmall.C.Outsidearestaurant.19.WhatdidChaseandhisfatherdotohelpthehomelessatfirst?A.Theygavethemdrinks.B.Theytookthemouttolunch.C.Theyplayedgameswiththem.20.WhatisthepurposeofProjectEmpathy?A.Togettoknowthehomelessbetter.B.Toofferthehomelessaplacetostay.C.Toencourageotherstohelpthehomeless.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheScienceofYourWellbeingThiscoursecoverstherealscienceofbetterhealthandhappiness.Withevidence-basedadvicefromtheverylatestscientificresearch,you’llfindthetruthaboutnutritionanddiets,exerciseandmentalwellbeing.Whatwillyoulearn?＊Whythebrainmakeshabitshardtobreak.＊Techniquesthatcanhelpyoubreakbadhabits.＊Achievablestepstoimproveyourdiets.＊Activitiestohelpyouremainhealthy.＊Techniquesinformedbypsychologicalresearchthatyoucanusetoimproveyourlevelofhappiness.Whoisthiscoursesuitablefor?＊Thiscourseissuitableforstudentsatalllevels.＊Youmaybeconsideringacareerinnutritionorfitnessandabasicunderstandingofdiets,nutritionandexercise.＊Manyofourlearnerstakethiscoursetoimprovetheiruniversityapplication.Whoareyourinstructors?＊GilesYeo:He’saprogrammeleaderattheMedicalResearchCouncilMetabolicDiseasesUnitattheUniversityofCambridge,HisfirstbookGeneEatingwaspublishedinDecember2018,andhissecond,WhyCaloriesDon’tCount,cameoutinJune2021.＊JasonGill:He’saprofessorofexerciseandhealthattheUniversityofGlasgow.Hestudiestheeffectsofexerciseanddietsonthepreventionandmanagementofdiseases.＊JackyForsyth:She’sanassociateprofessorattheSchoolofHealth.ScienceandWellbeing,StaffordshireUniversity.Shefocusesondevelopingresearchandstudyonwomeninsportandexercise＊BruceHood:He’saprofessorofDevelopmentalPsychologyinSocietyattheUniversityofBristol,Hisresearchinterestsincludethescienceofhappiness,andinhibitory(抑制性的)controlofthoughtsandactions1.Whichofthefollowingwillyoufailtolearninthiscourse?A.Achievablestepstoimproveyourdiets.B.Techniquesusedtoimproveyourfinances.C.Techniquesthatcanhelpyoubreakbadhabits.D.Activitiestohelpyouremainhealthy2.Whoconcentratesonresearchonfemalesinsport?A.GilesYeo. B.JasonGill. C.JackyForsyth. D.BruceHood.3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Anadvertisement. B.Anovel.C.Anewsreport. D.Adiaryentry.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了關(guān)于健康的科學(xué)這門(mén)課程的相關(guān)內(nèi)容?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Whatwillyoulearn?部分列出的幾個(gè)條目“＊Whythebrainmakeshabitshardtobreak.＊Techniquesthatcanhelpyoubreakbadhabits.＊Achievablestepstoimproveyourdiets.＊Activitiestohelpyouremainhealthy.＊Techniquesinformedbypsychologicalresearchthatyoucanusetoimproveyourlevelofhappiness.(*為什么大腦讓習(xí)慣難以改變。*可以幫助你改掉壞習(xí)慣的技巧。*改善飲食的可行步驟。*幫助你保持健康的活動(dòng)。*心理學(xué)研究提供的技巧，可以用來(lái)提高你的幸福水平)”可知，“Techniquesusedtoimproveyourfinances(用來(lái)提升你的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的技術(shù))”并不在你能學(xué)習(xí)到的內(nèi)容里面。故選B。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的Whoareyourinstructors?這個(gè)部分“JackyForsyth:She’sanassociateprofessorattheSchoolofHealth,ScienceandWellbeing,StaffordshireUniversity.Shefocusesondevelopingresearchandstudyonwomeninsportandexercise.(JackyForsyth：她是健康學(xué)院的副教授?？茖W(xué)與幸福，斯塔福德郡大學(xué)。她專(zhuān)注于開(kāi)展關(guān)于女性運(yùn)動(dòng)和鍛煉的研究)”可知，JackyForsyth專(zhuān)注于發(fā)展女性在運(yùn)動(dòng)和健身方面的研究。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，文章介紹了關(guān)于健康的科學(xué)這門(mén)課程的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。由此推知，文章應(yīng)該節(jié)選自一篇廣告。故選A。BLastweekend,myhusbandandIdroveadogtohernewhome.Typically,whenwehaveanewdoginthebackseat,it’sayoungdog.Butthispassengerwasamuchdifferentstory.Magdalenisa13-yearolddog.Herownergaveheruptemporarilywhenhewassick,butwhenhefullyrecoveredseveralmonthslater,hesaidhedidn’twantherback.Hehadhersinceshewasyoungbutnowhadnoplaceforher.Thefamilywhohadgivenheratemporaryhomehadchildrenandotherdogsandwasunabletogiveheraforeverhome.WhenSpeakSt,Louis,therescueteamIworkwith,wascontactedaboutthedog,theyofferedtotakeherin.Shewenttoavet(獸醫(yī))forabasichealthcheck.Butthevetdidn’thavegreatnews.Hermouthwasswollen(腫脹的)withallsortsofproblems.Twoteethfelloutduringcleaningandelevenmorehadtobepulledout.Luckily,agoodfriendofmine,adogtrainerwithasoftheartforseniors,hadagreedtoadoptMagdalen.Onthetriptothetrainer’shome,thesweetseniorlookedsorelaxedinourbackseat.Ifeltagreatsenseofreliefandpleasure.Herownerneededsometemporaryhelpwhenhewassick.ButIcan’timaginewhyhewouldn’thavewantedherback.Ithinkofmyowndoganddogswelosttooldageinthepast.We’refamilyandwestaythatwayforever.She’dbeabletoliveagoodlife.Ihoped,inhernewhome!4.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theformerownersofthedog.B.Wherethedogwastreated.C.Whatthedogneededmost.D.Theproblemsthedogmet.5.Whatistheauthor’sjob?A.Trainingolddogs.B.Treatingsickdogs.C.Lookingforhomesfordogs.D.Lookingforlostdogs’owners.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelonherwaytoherfriend’shome?A.Relievedandhappy. B.Nervousandgrateful.C.Surprisedandcurious. D.Hopefulandproud.7.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofMagdalen’sownergivingherup?A.Shedidn’tunderstandhisbehaviour.B.Shebelieveditwaspainfulforhim.C.Shewascertainhewouldregret.D.Shethoughthemadeawisedecision.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作者安置一只老齡狗的故事。【4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thefamilywhohadgivenheratemporaryhomehadchildrenandotherdogsandwasunabletogiveheraforeverhome.WhenSpeakSt,Louis,therescueteamIworkwith,wascontactedaboutthedog,theyofferedtotakeherin.Shewenttoavet(獸醫(yī))forabasichealthcheck.Butthevetdidn’thavegreatnews.Hermouthwasswollen(腫脹的)withallsortsofproblems,Twoteethfelloutduringcleaningandelevenmorehadtobepulledout.(給她臨時(shí)住所的家庭有孩子和其他狗，無(wú)法給她一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)的家。當(dāng)與我一起工作的救援隊(duì)SpeakSt,Louis聯(lián)系到這只狗的情況時(shí)，他們表示愿意收留它。她去獸醫(yī)那里做了基本的健康檢查。但是獸醫(yī)并沒(méi)有什么好消息。她的嘴因各種問(wèn)題而腫起來(lái)，清潔時(shí)掉了兩顆牙，又拔了十一顆)”可知，當(dāng)Magdalen需要一個(gè)臨時(shí)的家的時(shí)候，這家人給了它一個(gè)家，但是他們有孩子和其它狗狗，他們不能給它一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)的家，Magdalen也老了，病了。由此可知，本段主要介紹了Magdalen遇到的問(wèn)題。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Lastweekend,myhusbandandIdroveadogtohernewhome.Typically,whenwehaveanewdoginthebackseat,it’sayoungdog.(上周末，我和丈夫開(kāi)車(chē)送一只狗去她的新家。通常情況下，當(dāng)后座上有一只新狗時(shí)，它是一只年輕的狗)”和下文作者找獸醫(yī)為Magdalen治病，并最終為Magdalen找到收養(yǎng)者可知，作者的工作是為狗狗找新家。故選C。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Luckily,agoodfriendofmine,adogtrainerwithasoftheartforseniors,hadagreedtoadoptMagdalen.Onthetriptothetrainer’shome,thesweetseniorlookedsorelaxedinourbackseat.Ifeltagreatsenseofreliefandpleasure.(幸運(yùn)的是，我的一個(gè)好朋友，一個(gè)對(duì)老狗狗心腸很軟的馴狗師，同意收養(yǎng)Magdalen。在去馴狗師家的路上，這位可愛(ài)的老狗狗坐在我們的后座上，看起來(lái)很放松。我感到一種巨大的寬慰和愉悅)”可知，年邁的Magdalen雖然被原來(lái)的主人拋棄了，但作者的一個(gè)關(guān)心老狗狗的好朋友答應(yīng)收養(yǎng)它，她在開(kāi)車(chē)送Magdalen去朋友家的路上是感到欣慰和開(kāi)心的。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Herownerneededsometemporaryhelpwhenhewassick.ButIcan’timaginewhyhewouldn’thavewantedherback.Ithinkofmyowndoganddogswelosttooldageinthepast.We’refamilyandwestaythatwayforever.She’dbeabletoliveagoodlife.Ihoped,inhernewhome!(她的主人生病時(shí)需要一些臨時(shí)的幫助。但我想不出他為什么不想讓她回來(lái)。我想起了我自己的狗和我們過(guò)去失去的狗。我們是一家人，永遠(yuǎn)是一家人。她會(huì)過(guò)上好日子的。我希望，在她的新家！)”可知，Magdalen原來(lái)的主人生病時(shí)，他需要一些臨時(shí)幫助，但是當(dāng)他康復(fù)后卻不想要它回去了。作者想起了自己的狗和在過(guò)去因年老而失去的狗。作者認(rèn)為他們是一家人，永遠(yuǎn)都是這樣。由此推知，作者無(wú)法理解Magdalen的主人的行為。故選A。CWrittenandillustratedbyShelSilverstein,TheGivingTreeisachildren’sbookthattellsthestoryaboutayoungboyandatreeintheforest.Thestorystartswiththeboyandthetreebeingthebestoffriendsandhavingfun.Astheboygrowsolder,heasksmorefromthetree,whichwillinglyagreesuntilallthatisleftisastump(樹(shù)樁).Intheend,theboy,nowanoldman,comesbacktothetreeandtellsitthatallhewantsisaplacetositon,somethingthatthetreeeagerlyprovides.Inthebook,eachpartofthestorygoesstraighttothepointwithoutconfusingreaders.Thebookdoesn’tincludetheeventsthathappentotheboyinbetween.Weseehowtheboy’sneedsincreasetoapointthatthetreefinallygivesitstrunkashegrows.Itmakesthebookeasytoreadandunderstand.Thewritingstylemayseemplainandboringatfirstbutweneedtokeepinmindthatitisachildren’sbook.Ifitweren’tthatway,thenitwouldbeunattractivetoitsyoungreaders.Thewordsusedareveryeasytounderstand.Thephrase,“andthetreewashappy”,isquitemovedandshowsthetree’slovefortheboy.Theuseoftheword“need”alsoshowsreaderstheattitudeoftheboy.Thechangefrom“need”to“want”intheendalsotellsreadersthechangesthattheboygoesthrough.Thoughthebookhasbeencriticizedasitcanbeunderstoodindifferentways,itisbecauseofthisthatthebooksucceeds.Againthebookiswrittenforchildren.Differentchildrenhavetheirownwaystounderstandthebookandwillconsideritinteresting.8.Whatisthebookmainlyabout?A.Aboy’sgreatloveforatree.B.Aboy’srelationshipwithatreeC.Aboy’sdependenceonaforest.D.Aboy’sinterestinglifeinaforest.9.Whyisthebooksuitableforyoungreadersintheauthor’sopinion?A.Itsstoryistouching.B.ItsexpressionsaresimpleC.Itswritingstyleishumorous.D.Itstopicsarevaried.10.WhatmakesTheGivingTreepopular?A.Thecommentskidsgave.B.Thewritingstyle.C.Thepicturesinit.D.Differentwaystounderstandit.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tocommentonabook.B.Tointroduceawriter.C.Torecommendastory.D.Togivereadersalesson.【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要對(duì)一本兒童書(shū)籍的內(nèi)容、寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格和語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)等方面作了評(píng)價(jià)。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thestorystartswiththeboyandthetreebeingthebestoffriendsandhavingfun.Astheboygrowsolder,heasksmorefromthetree,whichwillinglyagreesuntilallthatisleftisastump(樹(shù)樁).Intheend,theboy,nowanoldman,comesbacktothetreeandtellsitthatallhewantsisaplacetositon,somethingthatthetreeeagerlyprovides.(故事開(kāi)始于男孩和樹(shù)是最好的朋友，玩得很開(kāi)心。隨著男孩長(zhǎng)大，他向樹(shù)上要求更多的東西，樹(shù)都會(huì)心甘情愿地答應(yīng)，直到最后只剩下樹(shù)樁。最后，男孩，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是一個(gè)老人了，回到樹(shù)前，告訴它，他想要的只是一個(gè)坐在上面的地方，這是樹(shù)渴望提供的東西。)”可知，這本書(shū)主要介紹一個(gè)小男孩和一棵樹(shù)之間的關(guān)系。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Ifitweren’tthatway,thenitwouldbeunattractivetoitsyoungreaders(如果不是這樣的話，那么它對(duì)年輕讀者就沒(méi)有吸引力了)”和第三段“Thewordsusedareveryeasytounderstand.(所用的詞很容易理解。)”可知，這本書(shū)使用非常簡(jiǎn)單的短語(yǔ)和詞匯，所以非常容易理解，即它簡(jiǎn)單易懂的語(yǔ)言使之適合小孩子閱讀。因此作者認(rèn)為這本書(shū)適合年輕讀者是因?yàn)樗谋磉_(dá)很簡(jiǎn)單。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thoughthebookhasbeencriticizedasitcanbeunderstoodindifferentways,itisbecauseofthisthatthebooksucceeds.(盡管這本書(shū)受到了批評(píng)，因?yàn)樗梢杂貌煌姆绞嚼斫猓驗(yàn)槿绱?，這本書(shū)才獲得了成功。)”可知，不同的人對(duì)這本書(shū)有不同的理解，可知使這本書(shū)很受歡迎是因?yàn)椴煌娜藢?duì)這本書(shū)反映的道理有不同的理解。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。本文介紹了一本兒童書(shū)籍的內(nèi)容、寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格和語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)等，結(jié)合第二段“Inthebook,eachpartofthestorygoesstraighttothepointwithoutconfusingreaders.(在這本書(shū)中，故事的每一部分都直奔主題，不會(huì)讓讀者感到困惑。)”以及第三段“Thewordsusedareveryeasytounderstand.(所用的詞很容易理解。)”可知，作者的寫(xiě)作目的是為了對(duì)一本書(shū)作出評(píng)價(jià)。故選A。DThesurfaceofMarsisetched(蝕刻)withancientrivervalleysandlakebasins.SomeresearchersthinkthatliquidwateronceflowedontheRedPlanet.Today,Marsistoocoldformuch,ifany,liquidwatertoexist.And3.8billionyearsago,whentheflowingwaterformed,thesunwasfainterthanitistoday,makingitevenhardertoimagineawarmMartianclimate.That’swhymanyresearchersthinkMarsmayhavegoneinandoutofdeepfreezes.SomeresearchershavesuggestedthatearlyMarsonlythawedout(解凍)whenlargeasteroid(小行星)impactsorvolcaniceruptionstemporarilywarmedtheplanet.ButKasting,ageologistatPennStateUniversity,thinkswarmwindowsfromsuchdramaticeventswouldhavebeentoobrieftocarvethevastcanyons(峽谷)thatexistonMars.Now,Kastingandhiscolleagueshavecomeupwithanalternativeexplanation.TheythinkMarsmayhaveexperiencedaseriesofclimatecyclescausedbychangesinthestrengthofthegreenhouseeffect.Theideagoeslikethis:WhenMarswascoldandfrozen,volcanoescontinuedtobelchoutthegreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandhydrogenintotheatmosphere.There,thegasblankettrappedheatandwarmedtheplanetupuntilliquidwaterbegantoflow,formingMars’riversandlakes.However,warmtemperaturesandabundantwaterwouldalsohavespedupcertainchemicalreactionsthatconsumedcarbondioxide,mitigatingthegreenhouseeffectandcoolingtheplanetbackdownagain.Thenthecyclewouldrepeat.KastingsharedhistheorywithotherastronomersattheDecembermeetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninSanFrancisco,andinthejournalEarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters.Sofar,Kasting’steamhasonlyshownthatsuchanexplanationispossible,accordingtoclimatemodels.Buttheresearcherssayfieldtripscouldhelptesttheideabylookingforevidenceofmultiplewarmevents,andtheirdurations.12.WhatmaderesearchersbelievethatliquidwateronceexistedonMars?A.ThegeologicalfeaturesofMars.B.ThenaturalclimateofMars.C.Thetemperaturesofthesun.D.Thecolouroftheplanet.13.WhatisKasting’stheorybasedon?A.LargeasteroidshadnoimpactonMars.B.VolcaniceruptionswereveryfrequentonMarsC.Deepvalleyscouldn’tbeformedinashortperiodoftime.D.Carbondioxideandhydrogenwereabundantintheatmosphere.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inparagraph3mean?A.Achieving. B.Reducing. C.Experiencing. D.Enhancing.15.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.LargeAsteroidImpactsontheRedPlanetB.LiquidWaterExistingonMarsC.ClimateCyclesCouldHaveCarvedCanyonsonMarsD.AncientRiverValleysHaveBeenFoundonMars【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。火星上曾經(jīng)有液態(tài)水，這是怎么形成的呢？科學(xué)家們提出了新的理論?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“ThesurfaceofMarsisetchedwithancientrivervalleysandlakebasins.SomeresearchersthinkthatliquidwateronceflowedontheRedPlanet.(火星表面蝕刻著古老的河谷和湖泊盆地。一些研究人員認(rèn)為液態(tài)水曾經(jīng)在這顆紅色星球上流動(dòng))”可知，火星表面有著古老的河谷和湖泊盆地，這些地質(zhì)特征使得研究人員認(rèn)為液態(tài)水曾經(jīng)在火星上存在。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“ButKasting,ageologistatPennStateUniversity,thinkswarmwindowsfromsuchdramaticeventswouldhavebeentoobrieftocarvethevastcanyonsthatexistonMars.(但是賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家Kasting認(rèn)為，這種突然事件打開(kāi)的溫暖窗口期太短暫了，無(wú)法蝕刻出火星上存在的巨大峽谷)”可知，賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家卡薩丁認(rèn)這種突然事件打開(kāi)的溫暖窗口期太短暫了，無(wú)法形成火星上存在的巨大峽谷。由此推知，卡薩丁的理論是建立在深谷不可能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)形成的理論上的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“warmtemperaturesandabundantwaterwouldalsohavespedupcertainchemicalreactionsthatconsumedcarbondioxide.(溫暖的溫度和充足的水也會(huì)加速某些消耗二氧化碳的化學(xué)反應(yīng))”可知，溫暖的氣候和充足的水也會(huì)加速某些化學(xué)反應(yīng)，這樣就消耗了二氧化碳。二氧化碳減少了就會(huì)減少溫室效應(yīng)，從而使地球溫度下降，故劃線詞與“減少；減弱”含義接近。故選B項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第二段“TheythinkMarsmayhaveexperiencedaseriesofclimatecyclescausedbychangesinthestrengthofthegreenhouseeffect.(他們認(rèn)為火星可能經(jīng)歷了一系列由溫室效應(yīng)強(qiáng)度變化引起的氣候周期。)”和第三段“Theideagoeslikethis:WhenMarswascoldandfrozen,volcanoescontinuedtobelchoutthegreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandhydrogenintotheatmosphere.There,thegasblankettrappedheatandwarmedtheplanetupuntilliquidwaterbegantoflow,formingMars’riversandlakes.(這個(gè)想法是這樣的：當(dāng)火星寒冷凍結(jié)時(shí)，火山繼續(xù)向大氣中噴射二氧化碳和氫氣等溫室氣體。在那里，氣層捕獲熱量并使行星升溫，直到液態(tài)水開(kāi)始流動(dòng)，形成了火星的河流和湖泊)”可知，文章介紹了科學(xué)家提出的關(guān)于火星上的河谷和湖泊盆地形成原因的最新理論，研究指出可能是氣候的變化周期造就了如今火星上可觀測(cè)到的峽谷和河床等地理特征，所以“ClimateCyclesCouldHaveCarvedCanyonsonMars(氣候周期可能在火星上雕刻了峽谷)”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Apileofhomeworkcanseemfrightening,butitcanbedoneifyoumakeaplan.Herearesometipstohelpyou.Createachecklistofthetasksyouhave.Beforedivingin,makealistofallthethingsyouneedtodoforyourhomework.____16____Thesatisfactionofcheckingthingsoffwillkeepyouhappytocontinue.Solvethehardesthomeworkfirst.Yourfirstthoughtmightbetoputoffthemostdifficulthomework.Ifyougetthehardstuffoutofthewaywhenyou’remostalert,however,itwillbeeasiertogetthroughtherestofthepile.____17____Askforhelpifyougetstuck.Ifyoucometoapartofyourhomeworkthatyoudon’tknowhowtodo,askafamilymembertohelpyou.____18____Withalittlehelp,youcanquicklymoveontothenextthing.Makeahomeworkschedule.____19____Ifyousetaschedule,thenyou’llbepreparedandknowexactlywhattodo.Thiswillalsokeepyoufromfeelingguiltyaboutputtinghomeworkoff.____20____Ifeveryoneinyourgroupisseriousaboutgettinghomeworkdone,thiscanbegreat.Youcanhelpeachotheroutwithassignments,andquizeachothertoprepareforexams.A.Establishastudygroup.B.Takeabreaknowandthen.C.Thatway,youwon’tgetdiscouraged.D.Asyoucompleteeachtask,crossitoffyourlist.E.Trytodoyourhomeworkatthesametimeeachday.F.Writedownallthereasonswhyyoureallyneedtodoyourhomework.G.Makeaplantofinishyourworkbitbybit,savingtheeasiesttasksforlast.【答案】16.D17.G18.C19.E20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章就如何處理大量的家庭作業(yè)向我們提供了幾條建議。【16題詳解】上文“Beforedivingin,makealistofallthethingsyouneedtodoforyourhomework.(在投入作業(yè)之前，把你需要做的所有事情列一個(gè)清單)”提到把要做的事列一個(gè)清單，結(jié)合空后“Thesatisfactionofcheckingthingsoffwillkeepyouhappytocontinue.(完成任務(wù)的滿(mǎn)足感會(huì)讓你樂(lè)于繼續(xù))”可知，空處應(yīng)該講述完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)之后就在清單中刪除一個(gè)，保持做事的動(dòng)力。D項(xiàng)“完成每項(xiàng)任務(wù)時(shí)，請(qǐng)將其從列表中劃掉”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。【17題詳解】根據(jù)本段的中心句“Solvethehardesthomeworkfirst.(先解決最難的作業(yè))”可知，本段建議先做最難的作業(yè)，G項(xiàng)“制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃，一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地完成你的工作，把最簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)留到最后”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。【18題詳解】根據(jù)空格前一句“Ifyoucometoapartofyourhomeworkthatyoudon’tknowhowtodo,askafamilymembertohelpyou.(如果你的家庭作業(yè)中有一部分你不知道怎么做，讓你的家人來(lái)幫助你)”可知，空格處應(yīng)該講述家人幫助你之后所帶來(lái)的結(jié)果，C項(xiàng)“那樣的話，你不會(huì)受挫”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段中心句“Makeahomeworkschedule(制定家庭作業(yè)時(shí)間表)”可知，本段闡述制定家庭作業(yè)時(shí)間表，E項(xiàng)“盡量在每天同一時(shí)間做作業(yè)”進(jìn)一步闡述如何制定時(shí)間表，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空格后“Ifeveryoneinyourgroupisseriousaboutgettinghomeworkdone,thiscanbegreat.(如果你小組里的每個(gè)人都認(rèn)真完成作業(yè)，這是很好的)”可知，本段所講述的方法是加入學(xué)習(xí)小組，A項(xiàng)“成立一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)小組”適合作為本段中心句。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MygrandmotherandIwalkedintoaclothesshop.“It’sastoreforoldpeople,Iknow,”shesaidloudly,muchtothe___21___ofthesalesmanstandingnearby.Today,shewas___22___asmallanimal-printdress.Shebeganto___23___theclothesstoreforsomethingbrightandnoticeable.Asa15-year-old,Ijustwantedto___24___normally,butmygrandmother—withherdyed(被染色)hairand___25___colouredclothes—existedina(n)___26___worldofstyle.I___27___herconfidence.Shehadself-love.Sheexpressedherself___28___asshewanted.Oncemygrandfatherdied,sheshowedher___29___forherselfthroughhowshelooked.Inherearly80s,sheshoppedwiththe____30____likemy10th-gradesisterbutwithalotmoreconfidence.She____31____metolookmybestandalwayscheckedinonme,eventhoughmostofourrelationshipwaslong-distance.This____32____IhadlotsofmissedcallsandtextsaskinghowIwasdoing.Shelovedto____33____withothersandwouldcallmeseveraltimes.Onceshetoldmehowshehadspentthewholeafternoontalkingtofriendsandfamilyallovertheworld.Her____34____hadbecomeweakbutshestill____35____toaskme:“Areyoumakingtimeto____36____?”Eachcallwasa____37____topencilinfuntomyschedule.IwishthatI’dthankedherforallofthe____38____she’dbeenpassingontomethroughoutallofmyadolescentandyoungadultlife.Ifithadn’tbeenforherlessonsin____39____—herguidanceincaringformyselfandenjoyinglifeinallits____40____—wouldIbethepersonIamtoday?21.A.disappointment B.relief C.amusement D.satisfaction22.A.wearing B.making C.selling D.advertising23.A.detect B.inspect C.check D.search24.A.dress B.live C.eat D.speak25.A.rarely B.strangely C.usually D.wrongly26.A.unique B.ancient C.real D.virtual27.A.increased B.envied C.hated D.shared28.A.anxiously B.privately C.exactly D.carefully29.A.preference B.pity C.respect D.love30.A.excitement B.innocence C.sincerity D..seriousness31.A.encouraged B.forced C.ordered D.allowed32.A.declared B.promised C.meant D.showed33.A.debate B.connect C.argue D.bargain34.A.heart B.leg C.body D.voice35.A.afforded B.offered C.hesitated D.managed36.A.workout B.signup C.havefun D.takenotes37.A.praise B.reminder C.plan D.requirement38.A.kindness B.glory C.wealth D.wisdom39.A.self-love B.self-help C.self-discipline D.self-confidence40.A.directions B.aspects C.stages D.forms【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.A25.B26.A27.B28.C29.D30.A31.A32.C33.B34.D35.D36.C37.B38.D39.A40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者的奶奶是一個(gè)自愛(ài)和自信的人，年齡并不能阻止她享受生活。奶奶這種積極樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度影響了作者，成就了作者如今自愛(ài)、自信的樣子。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我知道，這是一家老年商店，”她大聲說(shuō)道，這讓站在附近的售貨員感覺(jué)好笑。A.disappointment失望；B.relief寬慰；C.amusement可笑；D.satisfaction滿(mǎn)足。根據(jù)上文““It’sastoreforoldpeople,Iknow,”shesaidloudly,”以及語(yǔ)境可知，奶奶大聲說(shuō)話的樣子使得售貨員感覺(jué)好笑。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：今天，她穿著一件小動(dòng)物印花連衣裙。A.wearing穿；B.making使；C.selling出售；D.advertising做廣告。根據(jù)下文“asmallanimal-printdress”可知，此處表示奶奶穿著一件印花連衣裙。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她開(kāi)始在服裝店里搜尋明亮而引人注目的東西。A.detect發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.inspect視察；C.check檢查；D.search尋找。根據(jù)下文“theclothesstoreforsomethingbrightandnoticeable.”可知，奶奶在服裝店里找明亮而引人注目的東西。故選D。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)15歲的孩子，我只想穿得正常，但我的奶奶——染著頭發(fā)，穿著奇怪顏色的衣服——存在在一個(gè)獨(dú)特的時(shí)尚世界里。A.dress穿衣服；B.live生活；C.eat吃；D.speak說(shuō)。根據(jù)上文“Today,shewas___2___asmallanimal-printdress.Shebeganto___3___theclothesstoreforsomethingbrightandnoticeable.”可知，作者的奶奶是個(gè)老年人，但她穿著小動(dòng)物印花連衣裙，而作者只想穿得正常。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)15歲的孩子，我只想穿得正常，但我的奶奶——染著頭發(fā)，穿著奇怪顏色的衣服——存在在一個(gè)獨(dú)特的時(shí)尚世界里。A.rarely很少；B.strangely奇怪地；C.usually通常；D.wrongly錯(cuò)誤地。根據(jù)上文“Asa15-year-old,Ijustwantedto___4___normally,”以及下文“colouredclothes—existedina(n)___6___worldofstyle.”可知，作者只想穿得正常，但是作者的奶奶染著頭發(fā)，穿著奇怪顏色的衣服。故選B。【26題詳解】考查詞形容詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)15歲的孩子，我只想穿得正常，但我的奶奶——染著頭發(fā)，穿著奇怪顏色的衣服——存在在一個(gè)獨(dú)特的時(shí)尚世界里。A.unique獨(dú)特的；B.ancient古代的；C.real真實(shí)的；D.virtual虛擬的。根據(jù)上文“butmygrandmother—withherdyed(被染色的)hairand___5___colouredclothes”可知，作者的奶奶時(shí)尚風(fēng)格獨(dú)特。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我羨慕她自信。A.increased增加；B.envied羨慕；C.hated討厭；D.shared分享。根據(jù)下文“Shehadself-love.Sheexpressedherself___8___asshewanted.”以及語(yǔ)境可知，作者羨慕自己奶奶的自信。故選B。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她準(zhǔn)確地按照自己的意愿表達(dá)自己。A.anxiously焦急地；B.privately私下地；C.exactly準(zhǔn)確地；D.carefully仔細(xì)地。根據(jù)上文“butmygrandmother—withherdyed(被染色的)hairand___5___colouredclothes—existedina(n)___6___worldofstyle.”可知，此處表示奶奶準(zhǔn)確地按照自己的意愿表達(dá)自己。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我祖父去世后，她通過(guò)自己看起來(lái)的樣子表達(dá)了對(duì)自己的愛(ài)。A.preference偏好；B.pity憐憫；C.respect尊重；D.love愛(ài)。根據(jù)上文“Shehadself-love.”可知，此處表示奶奶表達(dá)對(duì)自己的愛(ài)。故選D。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在她80歲出頭的時(shí)候，她像我十年級(jí)的妹妹一樣興奮地購(gòu)物，但更有信心。A.excitement興奮；B.innocence清白；C.sincerity誠(chéng)意；D.seriousness嚴(yán)重。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ikemy10th-gradesister”以及常識(shí)可知，十年級(jí)的孩子去購(gòu)物時(shí)會(huì)感覺(jué)興奮。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她鼓勵(lì)我顯現(xiàn)最佳狀態(tài)，并總是來(lái)看望我，盡管我們的大部分關(guān)系都是遠(yuǎn)距離的。A.encouraged鼓勵(lì)；B.forced強(qiáng)制；C.ordered命令；D.allowed允許。根據(jù)上文“sheshoppedwiththe___10___likemy10th-gradesisterbutwithalotmoreconfidence.”以及下文“metolookmybest”可知，作者的奶奶很有信心，此處表示奶奶鼓勵(lì)作者要顯現(xiàn)最佳狀態(tài)。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這意味著我有很多未接來(lái)電和短信問(wèn)我過(guò)得怎么樣。A.declared宣布；B.promised承諾；C.meant意味著；D.showed顯示。根據(jù)上文“eventhoughmostofourrelationshipwaslong-distance.”可知，作者和奶奶距離很遠(yuǎn)，這意味著作者和奶奶會(huì)通過(guò)電話和短信交流，作者會(huì)有很多來(lái)自奶奶的未接來(lái)電和短信。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她喜歡和別人聯(lián)系，會(huì)給我打好幾次電話。A.debate辯論；B.connect聯(lián)系；C.argue爭(zhēng)論；D.bargain討價(jià)還價(jià)。根據(jù)下文“andwouldcallmeseveraltimes.”可知，奶奶會(huì)給作者打好幾次電話，此處表示奶奶喜歡和別人聯(lián)系。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的聲音變?nèi)趿?，但她仍然設(shè)法問(wèn)我：“你是不是抽出時(shí)間來(lái)玩得開(kāi)心？”A.heart心；B.leg腿；C.body身體；D.voice嗓音。根據(jù)下文“hadbecomeweakbutshestill___15___toaskme:“Areyoumakingtimeto___16___?””以及句中的連詞but可知，奶奶的聲音變?nèi)趿?，但她仍然和作者交流。故選D。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她的聲音變?nèi)趿耍匀辉O(shè)法問(wèn)我：“你是不是抽出時(shí)間來(lái)玩得開(kāi)心？”A.afforded負(fù)擔(dān)得起；B.offered提供；C.hesitated猶豫；D.managed設(shè)法做到。根據(jù)上文“Her___14___hadbecomeweakbutshestill”以及語(yǔ)境可知，奶奶的聲音變?nèi)?，但她仍然?huì)設(shè)法詢(xún)問(wèn)作者是否抽出時(shí)間來(lái)玩得開(kāi)心。故選D。【36題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：她的聲音變?nèi)趿?，但她仍然設(shè)法問(wèn)我：“你是不是抽出時(shí)間來(lái)玩得開(kāi)心？”A.workout鍛煉；B.signup注冊(cè)；C.havefun玩得開(kāi)心；D.takenotes記筆記。根據(jù)下文“Eachcallwasa___17___topencilinfuntomyschedule.”可知，奶奶給作者打電話時(shí)為了給作者增添樂(lè)趣，此處表示奶奶詢(xún)問(wèn)作者是否抽時(shí)間來(lái)玩得開(kāi)心。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)電話都提醒我在日程安排中加入樂(lè)趣。A.praise表?yè)P(yáng)；B.reminder提醒；C.plan計(jì)劃；D.requirement要求。根據(jù)上文“Areyoumakingtimeto___16___?”可知，作者的奶奶打來(lái)的每一個(gè)電話都會(huì)提醒作者添加樂(lè)趣。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望我能感謝她在我青少年和年輕人的生活中給我的智慧。A.kindness善良；B.glory榮耀；C.wealth財(cái)富；D.wisdom智慧。根據(jù)下文“Ifithadn’tbeenforherlessonsin___19___—herguidanceincaringformyselfandenjoyinglifeinallits___20___—wouldIbethepersonIamtoday?”可知，此處表示作