2023年高考沖刺英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組

高考沖刺英語(yǔ)學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是歷年高考單項(xiàng)填空考察的核心熱點(diǎn)，每年必考，一般占1—2道題。設(shè)題時(shí)往往都是給出四個(gè)不同的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(有時(shí)是同一動(dòng)詞與不同介詞或副詞的搭配)來(lái)測(cè)試考生在具體語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)考點(diǎn)一、考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析然后依據(jù)題意需要選用適宜的動(dòng)詞。例Recently,thesecompanieshave someworkersbecauseofthedropineconomy.A.hiredB.dismissedC.refusedD.employed【解析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是及物動(dòng)詞且都可以與worker構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系但從題干中的thedropin 可知，只有B項(xiàng)符合題意。詞的語(yǔ)義差異、用法特點(diǎn)等入手才能選出符合題意的動(dòng)詞。例Whenhisbrotherwastocrossthestreet,hewasknockeddownbyatruckandbadly 。A.injuredBdamagedC.harmedD.destroyed【解析】這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“損害，損害”之意，但具體用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受傷”;damage主要指對(duì)于物體的不徹底的破壞，這種破壞或因自然災(zāi)難所致，或因人為造成，常含可以修;destroyA。考點(diǎn)三、考察動(dòng)詞與其賓語(yǔ)的固定搭配后依據(jù)題意選擇符合固定搭配或習(xí)慣用法的動(dòng)詞。例Withmodernequipment,manymysterieshave tolightinrecentyears.A.boughtB.comeC.thrownD.appearedcometolight，故答案為B。考點(diǎn)四、考察同根動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析義規(guī)律、固定搭配、前后關(guān)系等角度去確定答案。例HowIwishthatIcould myideasinsimpleandwonderfulEnglishwhenchattingonthenet.A.setoutB.setoffC.setinD.setupsetoutA?？键c(diǎn)五、考察同根介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析意，然后選出符合題意和句子構(gòu)造需要的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。例WhenIwastwenty,Ihadto beforegraduationandworkinaclothesshoptohelpsupportmyfamily.A.dropoutB.comeoutC.leaveoutD.stayout【解析】分析題意為“在20歲時(shí)，我不得不輟學(xué)到一家服裝店工作以幫助養(yǎng)活我的家人?！睆念}意可A項(xiàng)的dropout有此意，故答案為A。例Takecareduringtheholidays!Drinkingtoomuchcan heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A.contributetoB.relatetoC.attendtoD.devotetoAcontributetoA?？键c(diǎn)六、考察不同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析出符合題意的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。例Thesocietytodayofferstheyounggenerationmorechancesto theirtalentandskills.(2023合肥質(zhì)檢)A.giveoutB.takeinC.showoffD.carryonC。【精選試題】名校模擬題及其答案1.(2023—2023學(xué)年度高二第一學(xué)期期末六校聯(lián)考，英語(yǔ)，30)—Howlovelythesechildrenare!—Yeah.They memoriesofmychildhood.A.calledoutB.calledforC.calledupD.calledon【解析】callout“出動(dòng),向?叫喊”，callfor“需要，要求”，callup“召集,使想起,提出,打給”，callon“號(hào)召,呼吁,約請(qǐng),訪(fǎng)問(wèn)”。此句意思是“他們引起了我對(duì)童年的回憶。”C?！敬鸢浮緾kids thenetbar,and hadabadeffectontheirstudies.A.areaddictedto;itB.getengagedin;whichC.arerelatedto;whatD.areaddictedto;which【解析】beaddictedto意思是“對(duì)?上癮”，符合題意。And是一個(gè)并列連詞，后面應(yīng)當(dāng)是并列句，B和D。berelatedto“與?有關(guān)”，不符合題意，因此排解?！敬鸢浮緼3.(山東省莒南一中2023—2023學(xué)年度高三第一學(xué)期學(xué)業(yè)水平階段性測(cè)評(píng)，英語(yǔ)，21)Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Janeherjobasadoctorinthecountryside.A.setoutB.tookoverC.tookupD.setup【解析】setout“takeover“”takeup“setup“設(shè)立”依據(jù)題C?！敬鸢浮緾(江蘇省揚(yáng)州中學(xué)2023-2023學(xué)年度高一其次學(xué)期3月月考，英語(yǔ)，34)Thoughwe naturaldisasters,wearesuretoovercomealldifficulties.A.giveawayB.affectwithC.sufferfromD.dealwithwith“處理”。從“wearesuretoovercomealldifficulties.”這句話(huà)可以推斷出前半句的意思應(yīng)當(dāng)C?！敬鸢浮緾wasfiredasshewas ofcheatingcustomers.A.accusedB.chargedC.blamedD.caughtbeaccusedofaccusedofbechargedwith“被控告”chargewithblame“責(zé)備”。【答案】A6.08-09學(xué)年下期高三其次次月考，24)Askedsuddenlyaboutthematter,hecouldn’tanansweratonce.A.comeupwithB.lookforC.putupwithD.answerfor【解析】comeupwith“l(fā)ookfor“putupwith“answerfor“負(fù)責(zé)”A.【答案】A7.(吉林市一般中學(xué)2023—2023學(xué)年度高中畢業(yè)班下學(xué)期期中復(fù)習(xí)檢測(cè)，英語(yǔ)，18)Mydaughterisnotsurewhatto attheuniversity;shecan’tmakeuphermindaboutherfuture.A.takeupB.makeupC.pickupD.builduptakeupup;pickup;buildup【答案】A8.(杭州二中2023學(xué)年高三年級(jí)第五次月考，英語(yǔ)，6)Hiscolleagues himthoughhehimselfdidn’tthinkhehaddoneanythingspecial.A.thoughthighlyofB.lookeduptoC.singhighpraiseofD.showgreatrespectfor【解析】thinkhighlyofShowgreatrespectto,C說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，lookupto向上看，不合題意。【答案】Aherbeautyandyouthinrecentyears.A.wornoutB.triedoutCmadeoutD.sentout【解析】wornouttriedout;makeout展,說(shuō)明,設(shè)法應(yīng)付,理解,識(shí)別出;sentout【答案】A10.(廈門(mén)市2023年高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查，英語(yǔ)，23)It’sobviousthattheBeijingOlympicGamesagreatseccess.A.keptB.showedCprovedD.remainedshowsbsth出示某物給某人看;keep;proveremain【答案】CBeforethewarbrokeout,manypeople insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem.A.throwawayB.putawayC.gaveawayD.carriedawayputaway存儲(chǔ)，存放;throwaway;giveaway泄露，贈(zèng)送;carryaway【答案】BThecompanyisatartinganewadvertisingcampaignto newcustumerstoitsstores.A.joinB.attractC.stickD.transferAttract;transfer轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)D(zhuǎn)移?！敬鸢浮緽Modernplasticscan veryhighandverylowtemperatures.A.standB.seekingC.findingD.lookingforstandhold,carrysupport支撐，養(yǎng)活。【答案】AItwasalreadypastmidnightandonlythreeyoungmen inthehouse.A.leftB.remainedC.delayedD.desertedleave;desert,拋棄，舍棄。A項(xiàng)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，CD【答案】BInthisseasideresortyoucan allthecomfortandconvenienceofmoderntourism.(山東2023)A.enjoyB.applyC.receiveD.achieve【答案】A?！窘馕觥窟@幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞均可以作及物動(dòng)詞，但是意思、含義不一樣。enjoy表示“.享受?之樂(lè)，賞識(shí)，applyreceiveachieveA。句意：在這個(gè)海濱消遣場(chǎng)，你可以享受全部現(xiàn)代旅游的舒適與便利。We thelastbusanddidn’thaveanymoneyfortaxisowehadtowalkhome.國(guó)2023Ⅰ)A.reachedB.lostC.missedD.caught【答案】C?！皼](méi)趕上(車(chē)子等)、錯(cuò)過(guò)”，catchC。17(2023年福建卷，33)Thenewsofthemayor’scomongtoourschoolforavisitwas ontheradioyesterday.A.turnedoutB.foundoutC.givenoutD.carriedout【答案】CA產(chǎn)”B”C”D18(2023年湖北卷，27)Ifwecan theneverythingshouldbeallright.A.coneacrossB.getoverC.comeoverD.getoff【答案】B【解析】句意：假設(shè)我們能抑制目前的困難，一切都會(huì)很順當(dāng)?shù)摹omeacross偶遇;getover抑制，越過(guò);comeover過(guò)來(lái)，順便來(lái)訪(fǎng);getoff下車(chē)，使動(dòng)身。19(2023山東)It’sthesortofworkthat ahighlevelofconcentration.A.callsforB.makesupC.liesinD.standsfor【答案】A【解析】callfor“要求”;makeup“彌補(bǔ)，編造，組成”;liein“在于”;standfor“代表”。句A。(2023浙江)Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonly violence.A.runsintoBesfromC.leadstoD.beginswith【答案】C【解析】runinto“撞上，陷入”;comefrom“來(lái)自于”;leadto“導(dǎo)致，引起”;beginwith“以??C。Theteacherhasapeculiarwayof herstudent’snervousnesswhenthenspeakEnglish.A.breakingdownB.goingoverC.takingoffD.givingaway【解析】A句意：這位教師有一種疏導(dǎo)學(xué)生在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的緊急心情的獨(dú)特方法。Breakdown:toseparatesomethingsuchasanideaorstatementintosmallerpartsinordertomakeiteasier.goover復(fù)習(xí);takeoff脫下，起飛;giveawayInthecross-lakeswimmingrace,aboatwillbe incaseofanemergency.A.standingbyB.turningonC.gettingonD.runningon【解析】A句意：有船只嚴(yán)陣以待，預(yù)防緊急狀況。standbytowaitandbereadyforactionifneeded預(yù)備行動(dòng);待機(jī);turnon翻開(kāi);geton;rundownB、C、D三項(xiàng)均不符合。You onlyhalftheprice,howwouldthesellersellthejackettoyou?A.spentB.paidC.chargedD.offered?offer:tosaythatyouwillpayaparticularamountofmoneytobuysomethingCharge(收費(fèi))不符合題意。撫講價(jià)(offer)而后才能藥費(fèi)(spend)或支付(pay)幫A、BHe theproblem inhismindforawholeweekbeforehedidanythingaboutit.A.switched;onB.kicked;upC.turned;overD.took;onturnover:tothinkaboutcarefully;switchon;kickup;takeonAttimesthebalanceinnatureis ,resultinginanumberofpossiblyunforeseeneffects.A.troubledB.confusedC.disturbedD.puzzled【解析】Ctrouble;puzzled指人是困惑的，因此將A、D兩項(xiàng)排解;依據(jù)句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混亂的(confused),而不受到了人為的干擾(disturbed),才會(huì)C—So,howisyournewroommate?Shereally .ShealwaysmakingloudnoisesatmidnightandwhenIremindher,shealwaysmakesruderemarks.A.turnsmeoverB.turnsmedownC.turnsmeoffD.turnsmeout【解析】Cturnsb.over:把??移交，把??交給;turnsb.down:拒絕;turnsb.off:使對(duì)(某人);turnsb.outCPeoplehave