《園藝學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)》全套教學(xué)課件

English

For

HorticultureAimsListeningSpeakingReadingwritingReferencesReference//pubmed考核內(nèi)容及方式主要是課件里講過(guò)的內(nèi)容平時(shí)成績(jī)20%：作業(yè)、出勤、課堂表現(xiàn)等總成績(jī)閉卷考試卷面成績(jī)80%Lesson

1：

Horticulture

in

daily

lifeKey

QuestionsWhy

is■hoWrhty

icsuhlotrutriecauslctiuernecaes,ctiecnhcneo,ltoegcyh,naonldoagny,inadnudstry?What

areanthiendtuhsrtereym?ajor

areas

of

horticulture?What

is

the

history

of

horticulture?Why

is

horticulture

popular?Why

is

horticulture

a

science,

a

technology,

and

aindustry?

Agriculture-

The

productionof

plants

and

animals

tomeet

basic

human

needs(food,

clothing,

shelter).

Includes

three

importantareas:HorticultureAgronomyForestryAgronomy

Production

of

traditional

crops,

such

asgrain

and

fiber.ForestryProduction

of

trees

for

timberHorticulture

Horticulture

is

that

part

of

plant

agricultureconcerned

with

so-called“garden

crops”,ascontrasted

with

agronomy

(field

crops,mainlygrains,forages(飼料)and

fiber)and

forestry(forest

trees

and

products).

Horticulture

thus

can

be

defined

the

branch

ofagriculture

concerned

with

intensively(集約地)

cultured

plants

directly

used

by

people

for

food,for

medicinal

purposes,or

for

esthetic(美學(xué)的)

gratification(滿足,喜悅).Horticulture

Culture

of

plants

for

food,

comfort,

andbeauty

The

cultivation

of

a

garden,

orchard,

ornursery;

the

cultivation

of

flowers,

fruits,vegetables,

or

ornamental

plants

The

science

and

art

of

cultivating

suchplants.Where

does

the

word

horticulture

come

from?Latin

derivativeHortus(garden)+Colere(cultivate)=

HorticultureThe

horticulture

industry

All

activities

that

support

meeting

the

needs

of

consumershorticulture

products1.Supply

and

service

to

growers2.Production

of

crops3.Processing

crops4.Marketing5.DistributionHow

is

horticulture

a

science?Botany–

The

study

of

plants

including

the

life

cycle,

structure,

growth,

anclassificationCombines

plant

science,

soil

science,

&

biotechnologyWhat

is

horticulture

technology?

Applies

science

tohorticultureproduction

Tools

used

to

controland

manage

plant’senvironment

Cultural

practices

toimpact

visual,functional,

andproductive

qualitiesof

plantsKey

QuestionsWhy

is

horticulture

a

science,

technology,

and

an

industry?What

are

the

three

major

areas

of

horticulture?What

is

the

history

of

horticulture?Why

is

horticulture

popular?What

are

the

three

major

areas

of

horticulture?

Ornamental

Horticulture-

growing

and

using

plants

for

theirbeauty

inside

and

outside

our

homes.Food

Crop

Production-

growing

crops

for

use

as

food.–

Olericulture

and

pomologyWhat

are

the

3

major

areas

of

ornamentalhorticulture?FloricultureLandscape

horticultureInteriorscapingWhat

is

floriculture?

Production,

transportation,

and

use

of

flowerand

foliage

plantsGrowing

flowers

for

floral

designsGrowing

potted

plants

to

sellGrowing

bedding

plants

for

transplanting

intogardensWhat

is

landscape

horticulture?

Producing

and

using

plants

to

make

ouroutdoor

environment

more

appealingNursery:

place

where

plants,

shrubs,

and

trees

arestarted

for

transplantingLandscape

operators:

design

planting

plans,

installmaterial,

and

maintain

plantsLawn

and

turf

maintenance:

planting,

fertilizing,and

mowing

turfgrassesGolf

course

management:

maintain

all

the

grassareas

of

the

golf

courseWhat

is

interiorscaping?

Use

of

foliage

plants,

grown

and

sold

for

their

beautifulcolored

leaves

and

stems,

to

create

pleasing

and

comfortableareas

inside

buildingsWhat

is

Food

Crop

Production?Growing

crops

for

food

Olericulture-

growing,

harvesting,

storing,

processing,

anmarketing

vegetablesExamples

Pomology-

growing,

harvesting,

storing,

processing,

andmarketing

of

fruits

and

nutsExamplesOlericultureThe

science

of

vegetable

growing,

dealing

with

the

culture

of

non-woody(herbaceous)

plants

for

food.The

production

of

plants

for

use

of

the

edible

parts.Olericulture

deals

with

the

production,

storage,

processing

and

marketingof

vegetables.It

encompasses

crop

establishment,

including

cultivar

selection,

seedbedpreparation

and

establishment

of

vegetable

crops

by

seed

and

transplants.It

also

includes

maintenance

and

care

of

vegetable

crops

as

wellcommercial

and

non-traditional

vegetable

crop

production

includingorganic

gardening

and

organic

farming;

sustainable

agriculture

andhorticulture;

hydroponics;

and

biotechnology.Vegetable

crops

can

be

classified

into

9major

categories:Potherbs

and

greens

-

spinach

and

collardsSalad

crops

-

lettuce,

celeryCole

crops

-

cabbage

and

cauliflower

Root

crops

(tubers)

-

potatoes,

beets,

carrots,

radishesBulb

crops

-

onions,

leeksLegumes

-

beans,

peasCucurbits

-

melons,

squash,

cucumberSolanaceous

crops

-

tomatoes,

peppersSweet

cornPomologyPomology

(from

Latin

pomum

(fruit)

+

-logy)

is

a

branch

ofbotany

that

studies

and

cultivates

fruit.

The

denominationfruticulture—introduced

from

Romance

languages

(fromLatin

fructus

and

cultura)

—is

also

used.Pomological

research

is

mainly

focused

on

the

development,cultivation

and

physiological

studies

of

stone

fruit

trees.The

goals

of

fruit

tree

improvement

include

enhancement

offruit

quality,

regulation

of

production

periods,

andreduction

of

production

cost.Key

QuestionsWhy

is

horticulture

a

science,

technology,

and

an

industry?What

are

the

three

major

areas

of

horticulture?What

is

the

history

of

horticulture?Why

is

horticulture

popular?How

did

horticulture

evolve?

European

influenceon

horticulture

Early

U.S.horticultureEuropean

Influence

on

HorticultureTheophrastus

(371-287

B.C.)Greek

horticulturistSpeculated

that

roots

absorbnutrients

for

plantsObserved

the

differencesbetween

the

leaves

ofgerminating

seeds

of

wheatand

beansDescribed

how

root

pruningencouraged

the

flowering

andfruiting

of

plantsEuropean

Influence

on

HorticultureRomansUsed

legumes

to

improve

poor

soilUsed

manure

to

improve

productionUsed

cultivation

for

weed

controlEuropean

Influence

on

HorticultureVarro

(116-20

B.C.)Roman

horticulturistDeveloped

techniques

of

post-harvest

storageEuropean

Influence

on

HorticulturePedanius

Dioscorides

(40-

90

AD)Greek

physician,

herbalist(pharmacologist)

and

botanistWrote

De

Materia

Medica

that

servedas

the

authority

for

1,500

yearsIdentified

plants

that

had

medicinalpropertiesEuropean

Influence

on

HorticulturegCarolus

Linnaeus

(1701-1778)Swedish

botanist

and

physicianDeveloped

method

for

classifyinplants

through

binomialnomenclatureEuropean

Influence

on

Horticulture

Charles

Darwin

(1809-1882)English

naturalistWrote

The

Power

ofMovement

in

Plants

whichdescribed

phototropismand

geotropismEuropean

Influence

on

Horticulture

Gregor

Mendel

(1822-1884)Austrian

monkLaid

the

foundation

for

thescience

of

botany

andgeneticsEarly

U.S.

HorticulturePrince

Nursery

First

commercial

nursery

founded

during

early1730sGrew

rapidly

until

the

American

Revolution

Published

a

catalog

in

1794

which

contained

anextensive

list

of

cultivars

Major

supplier

of

the

Lombardy

poplar(箭桿楊)

after

its

introduction

in

1784Early

U.S.

HorticultureAndrew

J.

Downing

(1815-1852)–

First

great

American

landscape

gardenerCottage

ResidencesFrederick

Law

Olmstead

(1822-1903)Father

of

landscape

architecturePrimary

landscape

architect

for

CentralPark

in

N.Y.Early

U.S.

HorticultureA

map

of

Central

Park

from

1875One

of

four

rustic

landingstages

on

the

LakeAngel

of

the

Waters,in

Bethesda

Fountain(sculpted

1873）Early

U.S.

HorticultureLiberty

Hyde

Bailey

(1858-1954)American

horticulturist,

botanist

andcofounder

of

the

American

Societyfor

Horticultural

ScienceWritings

serve

as

the

standardauthority

on

plant

nomenclature,taxonomy,

pruning,

etc.Wrote

Manual

of

Cultivated

Plants,Hortus

Second,

and

How

Plants

GetTheir

NamesKey

QuestionsWhy

is

horticulture

a

science,

technology,

and

an

industry?What

are

the

three

major

areas

of

horticulture?What

is

the

history

of

horticulture?Why

is

horticulture

popular?Why

is

horticulture

so

popular?

Increased

awareness

and

job

market

inhorticultureFood

and

crop

productionTechnology

advancements

and

jobs

Professional

interest

in

horticulture

as

acareerDiploma,

associates

degrees,

bachelors,masters,

and

P.H.D.s

in

horticultureWhat

careers

are

available

in

thehorticulture

industry?Key

Questions

How

do

you

prepare

for

a

career

inhorticulture?How

do

you

get

and

succeed

in

a

job?What

careers

are

available

in

horticulture?How

do

you

prepare

for

a

career

inhorticulture?What

is

a

career?

The

general

direction

of

a

person’s

life

as

related

to

workthe

field

of

horticulture.Includes

several

horticulture

jobs

and

occupationsStart

at

the

bottom

and

work

your

way

up

on

the

basis

of

interest,productivity,

and

educationWhat

is

an

occupation?

Specific

work

that

has

a

title

and

generalduties

that

a

person

in

the

occupation

wouldperformOrganized

in

sequenceEntry-level

occupations-

no

experienceWhat

is

a

job?Specific

work

that

a

person

performsMost

often

at

a

certain

site

and

performed

for

salary

and

benefitsJobs

are

with

specific

employers,

occupations

can

be

found

at

manyemployersWhat

are

personal

skills?

Abilities

of

an

individual

to

relate

to

otherpeople

in

a

productive

mannerNeeded

to

be

successfulCan

be

developedShow

that

you

are

productiveWhat

is

a

career

goal?

The

level

of

accomplishment

you

want

to

makein

your

workGoal

setting1.

Describe

what

you

want

to

achieve

in

life2.

Set

steps

to

achieve

each

goal3.

Determine

ways

and

means

to

meet

the

goal4.

Set

deadline

for

reaching

each

step.What

education

and

training

is

available

for

a

horticulture

caCommunity

Colleges:

1-2

yr

programsUniversities:

B.S.,

M.S.,

and

PHD

degrees

Gain

background

in

plant

science

and

relatedareasHow

do

you

get

and

succeed

in

a

job?How

do

I

find

a

job?Contact

an

employer

in

person,

by

telephone,

or

by

e-mailVisit

personnel

offices

of

employersVisit

placement

offices

Look

for

help

wanted

ads

in

papers,

mags,

television,

radio,internetAsk

around/networkHow

do

I

apply

for

a

job?Fill

out

an

applicationWrite

a

letter

of

applicationPrepare

a

personal

data

sheet/resumeInterview****Make

sure

you

proofread

your

writtenmaterial

(misspellings,

incorrect

grammar,messy

writing,

false

info)What

do

I

do

in

an

interview?

Make

personal

appearance

with

theemployer

to

discuss

yourself

and

the

jobGuidelines:Take

needed

info

and

materialsGroom

and

dress

appropriatelyBE

ON

TIMESpeak

clearly

and

confidentlyUse

good

mannersThank

them

for

interviewing

youWhat

personal

skills

do

I

need

to

get

along

onthe

job?Work

ethic:

reflects

your

attitude

toward

workShow

pride

in

work,

take

care

of

tools

andequipment,

doing

extra

workGetting

along

with

peopleHonesty:

don’t

steal,

lie

or

cheatLifestyle:

how

you

go

about

livingGet

enough

sleep,

exercise,

eat

the

right

foods,avoid

alcohol

and

drugsWhat

personal

skills

do

I

need

to

get

along

on

the

job?(continued)

Enthusiasm:

the

energy

you

demonstratewhen

talking

or

movingDedication:

loyalty

to

workDo

what

needs

to

be

done

as

efficiently

aspossible

Education

and

skill:

gained

thru

school

andexperience

Dress,

grooming,

and

hygiene:

what

image

doyou

haveDress

appropriately,

leave

off

distracting

jewelry,bathe

regularly,

use

deodorant,

brush

teethWhat

careers

are

available

in

thehorticulture

industry?What

careers

are

available

in

horticulture?Horticulture

therapistExtension

AgentConsultantCommunicator

in

HorticultureTeacher

Research

Scientist

and

Technician

orAssistantPlant

InspectorLesson

2The

Classification

of

HorticulturalPlantsObjectives

of

today’s

lecture

Learn

some

common

terms

used

to

groupplants

Learn

the

scientific

protocols

used

to

nameplants

so

they

can

be

universally

recognized

Learn

about

the

terminology

used

todistinguish

plants

within

a

speciesCategorizing

plants

is

an

ancient

practice

The

Greek

philosopher

Theophrastus

(377-288

B.C.)

publishethe

first

horticulture

text

book

“Historia

Plantarum”.

Intext,

plants

are

grouped

together

based

on

life

span,

growthhabit,

retention

of

leaves,

and

other

traitsMany

of

these

characteristics

are

still

used

to

classify

plCategorizing

plantsThousands

of

plants

are

used

today

in

variousareas

of

horticultureConvenient

to

group

plants

together

based

oncommon

characteristicsLife

cycleGrowth

habitEnvironmental

adaptationEnd

use

or

functionClassification

based

on

life

cycleAnnuals

Plants

that

complete

their

life

cycle

(from

seedto

seed)

in

1

year,

e.g.

(=exempli

gratia)petunia,

peaspetuniaPea

flowerClassification

based

on

life

cycleBiennials–

Plants

that

require

all

or

part

of

two

growing

seasons;vegetative

growth

in

the

first

year,

followed

byoverwintering

(low

temperature);

biennials

flower

in

thesecond

growing

season,

e.g.

hollyhocks,

carrotHollyhocks蜀葵Carrot,Classification

based

on

life

cycleMapleperennials

Plants

that

persist

for

more

thantwo

seasons

and

do

not

die

afterflowering,

e.g.

maple,

forsythiatulips,

daylilyForsythiatulipsDaylily

Note

that

many

biennials

and

perennials

are

grown

asannuals

Root

crops

such

as

carrots

and

beets

are

grown

andharvested

in

one

season

before

they

flower

Tomatoes

and

poinsettias

are

grown

in

the

US

as

annuals,but

in

S.

America

they

grow

as

perennialsClassification

based

on

life

cyclePoinsettiasClassification

based

on

growthhabitNormally

applied

to

perennial

plantsWoody

plants

Have

persistent

vegetative

structure,

e.g.

treesand

shrubsClassification

based

on

growth

habitHerbaceous

perennials

Do

not

have

woody

structure

and

vegetation

does

not

persist,

e.g.

daylily,hostaClassification

based

on

growth

habitVines

Climbing

or

trailing

plants

that

requiresupport,e.g.grapes,wisteria(柴藤),

clematis(鐵線蓮)Classification

based

on

growth

habitDeciduous

plantsShed

leaves

for

part

of

the

yearEvergreensNever

without

leavesThey

still

shed

leaves

or

needles

after

neworgans

are

formedClassification

based

onenvironmental

adaptationtemperatureHardy,

tolerant

of

low

temperaturesTender,

unable

to

survive

low

temperaturesWarm

season

crops,

e.g.

corn,

beans,

melonCool

season

crops,

e.g.

lettuce,

peas,

broccoliClassification

based

on

environmentaladaptationRequirement

for

waterAquatic

plants,

which

live

in

waterXerophytes,

which

require

very

little

waterSoil

conditionsHalophytes

are

adapted

to

salty

conditionsAcidophytes

require

acid

soils,

e.g.

rhododendronsMetallophytes

require

high

levels

of

specific

metalsClassification

based

on

usageEdible

plantsFruits

(dessert

or

snack)Vegetables

(savory)Note

that

this

classification

differs

fromthe

botanical

definition

of

a

fruit.

Thestrict

botanical

definition

of

a

fruit

is

astructure

that

develops

from

the

ovary

ina

flower.

Using

this

definition,

a

tomato

isa

fruit

while

a

strawberry

is

not.YewClassification

based

on

usage)Other

culinary

uses

include:Nuts

(hard

seeded

fruits)Herbs

(fresh

or

dried

vegetative

tissueSpices

(dried

fruit

or

bark)Beverages

(tea

and

coffee)Medicinal

plants

Source

of

pharmaceuticals,e.g.digitalis(洋地黃)

from

foxglove(毛地黃),taxol(紫杉酚)from

a

yewFoxgloveClassification

based

on

usagel

useIndustrial

plantsProvide

raw

materials

for

industriaOils

from

oil

palm

or

jojobaFibers

from

flax

or

hempJojobaPalmFlaxHempClassification

based

on

usageraOrnamental

usesNursery

crops,

e.g.

trees

and

shrubsGround

covers,

e.g.

ivy

and

pachysandBedding

plants,

petunias

and

pansiesFoliage

plants,

for

indoor

decoration–

Pot

crops,

e.g.

poinsettia

and

chrysanthemum–

Floriculture

crops,

e.g.

roses

and

carnationsIvy

fruitsPachysandraterminalisPansyChrysanthemumRosesLimitations

of

these

classificationsystemsClassifications

are

very

subjectiveBased

on

your

perspective,a

hazel(榛樹)shrub

can

be

regarded

as

asource

of

nuts,an

ornamental

landscape

shrub,or

a

weed.What

is

grown

as

an

annual

in

one

region

is

classified

as

a

perennialelsewherePlants

that

are

considered

hardy

in

Florida

or

Georgia

are

considertender

in

Indiana.Limitations

of

these

classificationsystems

These

classifications

are

not

understoodthroughout

the

world,

in

differentlanguages

or

across

culturesCommon

names

can

be

confusingSame

name

used

to

describe

different

plantsDifferent

names

to

describe

the

sameScientific

classification

systemAdvantage

of

this

system

include:Common

universal

designationBased

on

international

conventionUses

Latin,

a

“dead”

language

that

will

notchangeAll

organisms

are

divided

into

a

series

ofcategories

called

“taxa”Scientific

classification

systemKingdom

(plant,

animal,

bacteria,

etc)DivisionClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

Members

of

each

successive

category

aremore

similar

to

each

otherScientific

classification

system

Developed

by

Carl

vonLinne,

a

Swedishphysician.

He

is

betterknown

as

Linnaeus,

thefather

of

taxonomy

In

1975,

“SpeciesPlantarum”

waspublished,

whichdescribed

his

newclassification

systemScientific

classification

system

Linnaeus’

system

of

classification

is

basedon

stable

morphological

features,

especiallyflowers

Avoids

features

that

can

vary

with

age

ofthe

plant

or

the

environment

in

which

theplant

is

grown

Incorporates

the

concept

of

evolution,

i.e.(id

est)

plants

with

similar

features

share

acommon

ancestorThe

binomial

systemEach

name

has

two

components: Genus

+

specific

epithet

=

species Prunus

persica

(peach)Belongs

to

the

Genus

PrunusSpecies

name

is

Prunus

persicaConventions

that

apply

to

this

system:Written

in

italics

(or

underlined)First

letter

of

the

Genus

is

capitalizedThe

binomial

system

Genus

–

a

group

of

similar

organisms,

someof

which

may

interbreed

Species

-

Members

will

interbreed

andproduce

similar

progenyNo

matter

your

origin

or

situation,

solanumtuberosum

is

recognized

as

referring

topomme

de

terre,

kartoffel,

potatoThe

binomial

system

Avoids

confusion

that

can

arise

when

usingcommon

namesHypericum

calycinum

Hibiscus

SyriacusRose

of

SharonRose

of

SharonAdditional

terms

used

with

thebinomialPrunus

persica

(L.)

Batsch(L.)

indicates

the

“authority”,

the

individual

who

first

named

tspeciesLinnaeus

is

indicated

by

(L.)Others

are

written

out

in

fullAmendments

to

the

classification

are

added

after

the

authority,

e.gBatschAdditional

terms

used

with

thebinomialBotanical

varietiesJuniperus

communis

var.

depressa–

Indicates

a

botanical

variety

within

this

speciesof

juniper,

in

this

case

plants

with

a

distinctivelow-growing

(depressed)

habitAdditional

terms

used

with

thebinomialInterspecific

hybridsForsythia

X

intermedia–

“X”

Indicates

these

plants

result

from

a

crossbetween

two

different

species

(F.

suspensaand

F.

viridissima)

in

the

genus

ForsythiaForsythia

X

intermediaF.

viridissimaF.

suspensaXAdditional

terms

used

with

thebinomialPrunus

persica

cv.

Redhavencv.

Redhaven

indicates

a

cultivarAlso

written

as

Prunus

persica

‘Redhaven’Single

quotation

marks

indicates

the

cultivarCultivars

are

cultivated

varietiesCultivars

that

share

common

characteristicsand

maintain

their

identitySummary

many

different

methods

used

to

classifyplants

used

in

horticulture

The

scientific

binomial

system

provides

auniversal

protocol

that

does

not

depend

on

variable

factorsFruits

and

VegetablesWhat

is

a

fruit?An

organ

that

develops

from

the

ovary(子房）of

a

flowering

plant

and

contains

one

or

more

seeds.OrThe

perfect

snack

food（休閑食品）,thebasis

of

a

dessert,colorful

sauce

or

soup

oran

accompaniment（添加劑）

to

meat,fish,or

poultry（禽類）.What

is

fruit

sugar

called?Fructose（果糖）Fruits

are

classified.Classified

by

growing

season

and

location.Summer

FruitWinter

FruitTropical

Fruit（熱帶水果）Summer

Fruits

Berries,

cherries,

grapes,melons,

peaches,

plums

andpears.stone

fruit,drupe（核果）

Most

are

delicious

raw,

alsopopular

baked

or

cooked.Berries

Most

perishable（易腐）,tender

andfragileHandle

as

little

as

possibleDon’t

wash

until

usedTechnically

grapes

are

berriesMelonsCantaloupe（哈密瓜）Crenshaw（克蘭省甜瓜）Honeydew

（甜蜜瓜）Watermelon

From

the

squashfamilyWinter

Fruits

Citrus

（柑橘類的植物）such

as

oranges,grapefruits（葡萄柚）,lemons,limes（酸橙）,tangerines（蜜桔）ApplesTropical

FruitsNamed

for

climateIncludes

figs（無(wú)花果）,dates（椰棗）,bananas,papayas（木瓜）,pineapple,pomegranates

（石榴）

and

passionfruit（西番蓮果）.VegetablesEdible(可食用的)herb-like

plant.Leaves,fruit,stems,roots,tubers(塊莖),seeds

&

flowersFlower

Vegetable

Includes

broccoli,cauliflower(菜花),artichokes（洋薊）They

are

the

flower

of

the

plant.Fruit

Vegetables

Avocados,

cucumbers,eggplants,

peppers,

squash

&tomatoes.

Fruit

of

the

plant

–

from

aflower.Leafy

Vegetables

Includes

lettuce（生菜）,spinach

（菠菜）and

swiss

chard（瑞士甜菜）Brussels

sprouts(球芽甘藍(lán)).Seed

Vegetable

Vegetable

in

which

the

seed,and/or

pod（豆莢）

of

theplant

is

eaten.Corn,peas,beans.Root

Vegetable

Vegetable

that

has

a

single

root

thatextended

into

the

ground

andprovides

nutrients

to

the

part

of

theplant

that

exists

above

ground.Carrot,radish（水蘿卜）.TubersStem

tubersa

stem

buber

forms

from

thickenedrhizomes(根狀莖)or

stolons(匍匐莖),

PotatoesRoot

tubersA

tuberous

root

or

storage

root,

is

amodified

lateral

root,

enlarged

tofunction

as

a

storage

organ.

sweetpotatoes.Bulb

A

bulb

is

a

short

stem

with

fleshy

leaves

or

leaf

bases.

Theleaves

often

function

as

food

storage

organs

during

dormancyOnion,

GarlicStem

Vegetables

Vegetable

in

which

the

fibrous

plantstem

is

eaten.Celery（芹菜）,asparagus,.Health

Benefits

of

Fruits

andVegetablesFruits

and

Vegetables

Play

A

Preventative

Role

In

ManyAge-Related

Diseases…CancerHeart

DiseaseStroke（中風(fēng)）Hypertension（高血壓）Birth

Defects（先天畸型）Cataracts（白內(nèi)障）Skin

Wrinkling（皮膚起皺）Diverticulosis

of

colon（結(jié)腸憩室病）Diabetes

Mellitus（糖尿?。〤OPD（慢性阻塞性肺病）Osteoporosis（骨質(zhì)疏松）Obesity（肥胖）Alzheimer’