2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第29講閱讀理解議論文（核心考點(diǎn)）（原卷版）

第29講閱讀理解議論文（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.三年真題議論文考點(diǎn)細(xì)目表時(shí)間卷次主題語(yǔ)境字?jǐn)?shù)題型分類2023年新高考I卷///新高考=2\*ROMANII卷///全國(guó)甲卷///全國(guó)乙卷人與社會(huì)：物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無(wú)文字社會(huì)的重要性343+1312個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題北京卷///浙江卷///天津卷///2022年新高考I卷///新高考=2\*ROMANII卷///全國(guó)甲卷人與社會(huì)：悉尼發(fā)展中面臨的問(wèn)題342+1521個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題全國(guó)乙卷///北京卷人與社會(huì)：量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？400+1091個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題浙江卷/+/天津卷人與社會(huì)：美好生活的秘訣403+1943個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題2021年新高考I卷///新高考=2\*ROMANII卷///全國(guó)甲卷人與社會(huì)：“天才”有很多種形式295+1231個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題全國(guó)乙卷人與社會(huì)：固定是非必需品326+1202個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題北京卷人與自然：人們應(yīng)該和大自然和諧相處，保護(hù)環(huán)境480+1891個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題浙江卷1月卷///浙江卷6月卷///天津卷（第一次）人與自我：我們必須學(xué)會(huì)把過(guò)去拋在腦后，像蜥蜴一樣，用我們?nèi)崮?、充滿希望的皮膚，作為人生的起點(diǎn)人與社會(huì)：要當(dāng)一個(gè)多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專家1）408+2142）409+2111)2個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題2)2個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題天津卷（第二次）///2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷和主旨大意題為主，但不排除對(duì)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的考查?？忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征?！緜淇疾呗浴吭陂喿x解題時(shí)，應(yīng)該從結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容兩方面同時(shí)入手，先通讀全文，再區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)。通常來(lái)說(shuō)，議論文會(huì)采用三段論式結(jié)構(gòu)。首段會(huì)通過(guò)一個(gè)故事或?qū)δ撤N現(xiàn)象的描述來(lái)引入話題，明確論點(diǎn)；接下來(lái)是文章的主體部分，會(huì)用兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的段落引用事實(shí)和理論論據(jù)進(jìn)行論證，常用的論證方法有舉例、引用和對(duì)比，這一部分要注意作者選用的論據(jù)，它們往往與細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查點(diǎn)相對(duì)應(yīng)，同時(shí)還要留意論證的方法；文章的最后一段是結(jié)論部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么結(jié)論。在通讀全文并了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容后再閱讀試題，到文章中去找相對(duì)應(yīng)的信息，比如事實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)、作者真正的意圖和結(jié)論等。議論文結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)寫法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我認(rèn)為寫法二：提出問(wèn)題，分析問(wèn)題，回答（解決）問(wèn)題寫法三：論點(diǎn)，理由（證據(jù)），重申論點(diǎn)?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，預(yù)測(cè)2024年高考議論文閱讀理解可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)且會(huì)繼續(xù)考查考生快速而準(zhǔn)確地獲取和理解文中具體細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力，對(duì)文章信息的判斷能力以及對(duì)文章的整體感知能力。議論文的文體分析議論文說(shuō)理性強(qiáng)，語(yǔ)言莊重，邏輯縝密，常用難詞、長(zhǎng)詞和復(fù)雜句，給我們的閱讀理解帶來(lái)一定難度。議論文是運(yùn)用邏輯推理和證明來(lái)闡述某一觀點(diǎn)、看法和主張的文體。這類文章或從正面提出某種見(jiàn)解，或駁斥別人的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)，以說(shuō)服讀者同意自己的觀點(diǎn)為主要目的。議論文一般有論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證三個(gè)要素。論點(diǎn)是議論文的核心，即中心思想，是論據(jù)和論證的服務(wù)對(duì)象。論據(jù)是作者所引用的用以支持和證明論點(diǎn)的材料，這些材料可以是名人名言、事實(shí)例證或統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)等。論證是作者組織、運(yùn)用論據(jù)的手法。議論文文章類型演繹論證議論文是從已知的一般原理，規(guī)律出發(fā)，推知個(gè)別事物本質(zhì)的論證方法。該類文體一般先提出一個(gè)總論點(diǎn)，然后分別進(jìn)行論述，分析各個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，最后得出結(jié)論。歸納論證議論文是一種由個(gè)別到一般的論證方法。它通過(guò)許多個(gè)別的事例或分論點(diǎn)，然后歸納出它們所共有的特性，從而得出一個(gè)一般性的結(jié)論。比較論證議論文是一種由個(gè)別到個(gè)別的論證方法。通常分為類比法和對(duì)比法兩類。類比法是將性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比較而引出結(jié)論的方法。對(duì)比法是通過(guò)性質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)在某一方面相反或?qū)α⒌牟煌挛锏谋容^來(lái)證明論點(diǎn)的方法。命題要點(diǎn)由于議論的目的是表明自己對(duì)事物的看法和態(tài)度，因此，命題時(shí)?？疾炱溆^點(diǎn)態(tài)度以及根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容歸納主旨大意等，有時(shí)也對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行考察。解題技巧1.演繹論證議論文：注意文章的開(kāi)篇，因?yàn)槲恼碌拈_(kāi)篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的觀點(diǎn)，從而把握了文章的中心思想。2.歸納論證議論文：注意文章的尾段，因?yàn)槲捕问菍?duì)前面所舉事例和分論點(diǎn)的歸納和概括。3.比較論證議論文：注意事物的相同點(diǎn)以及不同點(diǎn)，并由此來(lái)把握文章的主旨。做題時(shí)可使用以下三個(gè)步驟：重首尾，明方式，細(xì)推測(cè)。議論文長(zhǎng)?？碱}型之一主旨大意題[常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)形式]1．標(biāo)題類常見(jiàn)的題干：①Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.②Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？③Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?2．大意類常見(jiàn)的題干：①Thispassagechieflydealswith________.②What'sthetopicofthearticle?③Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?④Whatisthemainideaofthe...paragraph/thepassage?eq\a\vs4\al([正確選項(xiàng)特征])1．涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。2．確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。3．精確性強(qiáng)，不會(huì)改變語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的程度及色彩。eq\a\vs4\al([干擾選項(xiàng)特征])1．過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云所給選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容概括的范圍過(guò)大，超出文章所述內(nèi)容2．以偏概全，主次不分所給選項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，或以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息或個(gè)別詞作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)充當(dāng)全文的主要觀點(diǎn)3．移花接木，偷換概念所給選項(xiàng)被命題者有意識(shí)地把本屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上，若不留神，極易選錯(cuò)答案4．無(wú)中生有，生搬硬套所給選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞雖然在文章中提到了，但經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀分析之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無(wú)聯(lián)系考點(diǎn)一段落大意題【2023年全國(guó)乙卷D片段】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.（2023·山東·山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)?？级＃〥anonePortugalintroducedanewyogurtnamedJuntos.Foreverypackofyogurtthatapersonbought,hewoulddonateyogurttoafamilyinneed.Danonehaddoneitsresearch.Increasingly,peoplesaytheywanttobuyfrombrandsthatgivethemasenseofpurpose.Surelyayogurtthathelpedtheneedywouldbeappealing.ButJuntoswasafailure.Despitesinkingmillionsintoamarketingcampaign,DanonepulledJuntosfromthemarketonlymonthsafteritwaslaunched.Nowthesameproductissimplymarketedasatastyyogurt.Whathappened?TofindthereasonbehindJuntos’failure,LawrenceWilliamsandhiscolleaguesdidanexperimentwheretheyshowedpeoplesomeproductsandaskedthesepeopletopickoneoption.Theyremindedsometofocusonthe“purposefulandvaluable”aspectwhileothersweretoldto“enjoythemselves”andfocuson“delightandpleasure.”Theyfoundthatparticipantswhoprioritizedmeaningpreferredthelessexpensiveproductwhenparedwithpeoplewhoputpleasureinthefirstplace.Sowhyweremeaningseekerscheapingout?LawrenceWilliamsaskedparticipantstoexplaintheirdecisionmakingtofindout.Helearnedthatmeaningorientedpeoplewerenotthinkingabouthowtheproducttheymightbuycouldbringmeaningtotheirlives.Instead,theywereoccupiedwithwhatelsetheycoulddowiththeirmoney.Iamallforpeoplemakingwiseandstrategicfinancialchoices.Butcheapproductscancreatemanyproblems.Inexpensiveoptionsoftendonotlastaslongasthehigherendones.Asaresult,weshopmoreoften,whichisultimatelyworseforourwallets.Plus,thatspendingpatterncandoagreaterdamagetotheenvironment.Thanksinparttofastfashion,peoplebuy60percentmoreclothingtodaythantheydid15yearsago.Thefashionindustryaloneemitsmoregreenhousegasesthaninternationalflightsandmaritime(海洋的)shippingbined.Sobeforeyoudiveintoyourwalletforsomedeals,trynottofixonlyonwhatyouarespendingorsaving.Thinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouarebuying,too.56．WhatisthemainreasonforthefailureofJuntos?A．Itignoredmarketingstrategies. B．Itpriceditselfrelativelyhigh.C．Itlackedaparticularlygoodtaste. D．Itfocusedondelightandpleasure.57．Whatcanbeinferredaboutmeaningseekers?A．Theyfrequenthighendstores. B．Theythinkproductsextendtheirlives.C．Theyhesitatetomakedecisions. D．Theymakemorepurchaseswithmoney.58．HowisParagraph4mainlydeveloped?A．Bygivingsomeexamples. B．Bylistingnumbersanddata.C．Byexplainingreasons. D．Bymakingsomeparisons.59．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．Innovation:aProduct’sLife B．ToBuyornottoBuyC．MeaningseekersorQualitypursuers D．FastFashion:aHittoYourWallet考點(diǎn)二文章大意題3個(gè)做法4個(gè)竅門，快速確定文章大意一、文章是由段落組成的。段落的主題就是段落的中心思想，具體段落的中心思想又是為文章整體中心思想服務(wù)的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具體段落中心思想的基礎(chǔ)上的。具體做法是：1．找出每小段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。2．文章無(wú)明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要分步提煉，然后再進(jìn)一步加工概括。3．觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，區(qū)別文章的“核心”和“支撐性細(xì)節(jié)”。核心是概括性的、理論性的；支撐性細(xì)節(jié)是碎片化的、事例性的。事例是為理論性的“核心”服務(wù)的，“核心”即是文章的主題。二、用瀏覽法(skimming)，即快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線索和主題信息的方法可以快速找到主題句。以下是找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門：1．段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(如however，but，infact，actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。2．首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3．作者有意識(shí)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。4．表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。（2023·廣東·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whenweareborn,weareperfect.Aswegrow,wedevelopmanyplexitiesduetomanyinfluencesinourlives.Ourbraincollectsandsavesallkindsofinformationfromthemomentweareborn.Apartfromourbrainhavingmemory,cellsinourbodyhavetheirownmemory,meaningthatourbodystoresmemories,bothphysiologicalandpsychological.Weareplexemotionalbeingsinnatureparedwithanyotherlivingthings.Apparently,physicalandpsychologicalmemoriesstronglyinfluenceouremotions!Interestingly,wecancreate,store,andreleaseemotionslikeenergy.Moreover,ifwedonotprocessournegativeemotionsproperlyandsuppress(壓制)themforalongtime,theycanfindawayoutviolentlyandunexpectedly.Unfortunately,wecarryourguiltthroughoutourlivesputtingtheeverincreasingburdenonourshoulders.Bothguiltandangerareuselessforus.Therefore,onemayask:isthereawaytoputdowntheburdenfromourshoulders?Itispossible,indeed.Importantly,sinceourguiltandangerinsideusareneitherreleasednorgivenattention,theyarestored.Actually,weshouldtakeactiontoaddressournegativeemotionsinordertoremovethemfromoursystem.Wecannotjustwishthemaway.Infact,byacknowledgingtheirpresenceandprovidingachannelforthem,wecandissolveouremotionsgradually.Isthereabetterwaytounloadourburden?Luckily,wehaveanaturalgiftforprocessingourfeelingsandemotionsforgiveness.Indeed,forgivingourselvesisagreatwaytodissolvenegativeemotions.Ofcourse,weshouldalsolearntoreadilyforgiveothers,andwhenwelearntoforgiveourselves,wealsonaturallyforgiveothers.Insummary,itisnogoodcarryingouryearsofemotionalbaggage.Byforgiving,wecanthrowawaytheemotionalbaggagewecarryforyears.Forgiveyourpastmistakes.Themomentyoustartforgiving,youwillfeelrelievedandyearsofheavinesswillliftmagically!32．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．LearningtoforgivehelpspeopleunloadtheirpsychologicalburdenB．ForgivingisthebestwayforpeopletodissolvenegativeemotionsC．ForgivingourselvesisthefirststepofforgivingothersD．Beingenergeticandoptimisticleadstoahappierlife（2023·重慶·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）“Iknowwhentogoout,andwhentostayin.”,EnglishrockstarDavidBowieonceconfidentlysanginhishitsingle.Whenitestoconsumingfood,thedecisivenessclaimedbythesingersongwriterishardtoachieve.Idisagreewiththestatementandargueit’sbettertoeatoutthantoorderhomedelivery.Tobeginwith,whensettingfootinarestaurant,we’reimmediatelygreetednotonlybyaserverreadytoseatus,butbyafloodofphysicalfeelings—theeyestakeintheinternaldecorationoftheplace,thenosebreathesinthepleasantsmellofexpertlyplatedfoodandtheearspickuponpetingsoundsofcustomerchatterandattractiveinstoremusic.Toeatoutistoexperienceanatmosphereuniquetoeachrestaurant.Somethingasspecialasthatsimplycan’tbereproducedbyorderinghomedelivery.Eatingoutis,withoutdoubt,themoreexcitingandthusbetterchoice.Eatingoutbeesevenmoreappealingwhenstayinghomeprovestoopainful.Whetheritisbecauseweneedatemporaryfightfromourfamilyorthatwesimplywanttospendsomequalitytimeoutsidewithlovedones,goingoutforamealcanbeabreakfromthehardlabourofdomesticliving.Wecouldtakeitasanopportunityforselfcare—totreatourselvesbydressingup,arrivinginstyleatafancyrestaurantandorderingaslightlymoreluxuriousmealtorefreshourwearysoul.Orderinghomedeliverywouldonlycontributetofeelingsofbeingpennedinwhile;eatingoutisanescapeforthetrappedindividual.Fooddeliveryappusersreasonit’satroubleandlessconvenienttodressupandeatout.However,it’sworthnotingwemaynotalwaysgetourfoodinthemostsatisfactoryconditionwhenoptingforhomedelivery.There’sariskofreceivingfoodorderswithmissingitemsorevenentirelywrongordersthatcan’tbesentback.Whatwesacrificeforconveniencemightjustwindupbeinginconvenient.Consequently,itmakesmoresensetoeatoutratherthanriskdisappointmentbyorderinghomedelivery.52．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkabout?A．Diningoptions. B．Cuisineculture.C．Consumptionlevel. D．Foodcategories.53．Whatadvantageofeatingoutishighlightedinparagraph2?A．Qualityservice. B．fortandconvenience.C．Sensoryenjoyment. D．Areasonablemixofnutrition.54．Whatdoestheauthorthinkoforderinghomedelivery?A．It’squitepricey. B．Itmayletconsumersdown.C．Itmaycausefoodwaste. D．It’snotenvironmentalfriendly.55．Howisthetextdeveloped?A．Byprovidingexamples. B．Byfollowingspaceorder.C．Bymakingparisons. D．Byanalyzingmentalprocesses.考點(diǎn)三標(biāo)題歸納題理解標(biāo)題的三大特點(diǎn)，巧用三大方法確定文章標(biāo)題。一個(gè)好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備三大特點(diǎn)：1．概括——準(zhǔn)確而又簡(jiǎn)短；2．針對(duì)性——標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；3．醒目——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。因此有必要掌握以下三大方法：1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；2．反面否定法：撇開(kāi)原文，拿各個(gè)備選項(xiàng)去設(shè)想用它們寫出來(lái)的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容，然后和原文章對(duì)照，一一排除不符選項(xiàng)；3．研讀備選項(xiàng)本身：研讀備選項(xiàng)里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性等?！?022年北京卷】Quantum(量子)putershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantumputingexperts.OneisputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechpanieshaveinvestedinquantumputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumputingresearchers.”Asquantumputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmhecofoundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thepany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelyparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthepetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IsJohnsonMorepetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumputersEvereintoBeing?D.WillQuantumputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?（2023·福建泉州·泉州五中校考一模）Technologyseemstodiscourageslowreading.Readingonscreenstireseyeseasily.Soonlinewritingismoreskimmablethanprint.TheneuroscientistMaryWaltarguedthis“newnorm”ofskimreadingisproducing“aninvisible,dramatictransformation”inhowreadersprocesswords.Andbrainsnowfavorrapidabsorptionofinformation,ratherthanskillsdevelopedbydeeperreading,likecriticalanalysis.Weshouldn’toverplaythisdanger.Allreadersskim.Skimmingistheskillweacquireaswelearntoreadmoreskillfully.Andfearsaboutdecliningattentionspanshaveprovedtobefalsealarms.“Somecriticsworryaboutattentionspanandseeveryshortstoriesassignsofculturaldecline,”TheAmericanauthorSelvinwrote.“Butnobodyeversaidpoemswereevidenceofshortattentionspans.”YettheInternethascertainlychangedthewayweread.First,itmeansthere’smoretoread,becausemorepeoplethaneverarewriting.Anddigitalwritingmeansrapidreleaseandresponse.Oncepublished,onlinearticlesstartformingamentstringunderneath.Suchmodeofwritingandreadingcanbeinteractiveandfun,butisprobablylackinginprofoundreflection.Perhapsweshouldslowdown.Readingisconstantlypromotedasasourceofpersonalachievement.Butthisadvocacyemphasizes“enthusiastic”or“eager”reading—neithersuggestslowabsorption.Toaslowreader,apieceofwritingcanonlybefullyunderstoodbyimmersingoneselfintheirslowprehensionofwords.Theslowreaderislikeaswimmerwhostopscountingthenumberofpoollapshe’sdoneandjustenjoyshowhisbodyfeelsandmovesinwater.Thehumanneedforthiskindofdeepreadingistoodeterminedforanynewtechnologytodestroy.Weoftenassumetechnologicalchangecan’tbestopped,sooldermediaarekickedoutbynewer,morevirtualforms.Inpractice,oldertechnologiescancoexistwithnewones.TheKindlehasn’tkilledoffprintedbooksanymorethancarskilledoffbicycles.Westillwanttoenjoyslowlyformedideasandcarefullychosenwords.Eveninafastmovingage,thereistimeforslowreading.1．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsSelvin’sopinion?A．Favorable. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Objective.2．Whichstatementwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Advocacyofpassionatereadinghelpspromoteslowreading.B．Digitalwritingandreadingtendstoignorecarefulreflection.C．Weshouldbeawareoftheimpactskimminghasonthebrain.D．ThenumberofInternetreadersdeclinesduetotechnology.3．Whyis“swimmer”mentionedinparagraph4?A．Todemonstratehowtoimmerseoneselfinthought.B．Tostressswimmingdiffersfromreading.C．Toshowslowreadingisbetterthanfastreading.D．Toillustratewhatslowreadingislike.4．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SlowReadingisHeretoStayB．TechnologyPreventsSlowReadingC．ReflectionsonDeepReadingD．TheWonderofDeepReading過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)（2023·湖南郴州·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）It’sunlikelythatyouehomefromatripandstandontopofyourbedstillwearingyourstreetshoes.Forsometravellers,puttingtheirsuitcaseontheirbedisjustasdisgusting(令人反感的).Thewheelsofourluggagepacedthesamesoiledpathasourshoes,rollingthroughairportbathrooms,sidewalksandpublictransportation.Whileitmightsoundterribletoputaworldlybagonyourbed,isitactuallyharmfultoyourhealth?AccordingtoPhyllisKozarsky,anexperttravelhealthconsultant,mostpublichealthprofessionalsdon’tconsiderluggageamajortransmitter(傳播者)ofdisease.“Wehavenotidentifiedoutbreaksrelatedtodirtyluggage,”Kozarskysays.Travellersmaybenefitfromcleaningtheirluggageiftheysuspectthattheirhotelroomsareoverrunwithbedbugs.“Thentheycertainlywouldbenefitbycleaningitaftertheyreturnedhome,”Kozarskysays.Evenifyourluggagetouchingyourbedwon’thurtyou,youmightstillbedisgusted.Afterall,travelisanexperiencefullofbacteria.“Youhavepeople...carryingalltypesofdifferentbacteria.Someofthemaresick,andyounowhavethempopulatingthesepublictravelplaces,”saysColleenCostello,CEOofVitalVio,apanythatmakesantibacterialLEDlights.Yourfellowtravellershavetotouchallthesamethingsyouhavetotouch,fromtheTSAcheckpointtotheairplane,thetrainticketingmachinetothehandrailinyourtraincar.Forpeaceofmind,Costelloremendsgivingyourbagaquickdisinfectionorstoringitonaluggageshelf.Ofcourse,youcouldgobeyonddisinfectingyourluggagewheelsandcleanthoroughlytherestofyourtravelexperience—theairplanetraytable,hotelroomdoorandremotecontrol.ButKozarskydoesn’tguaranteethatlifestyle.“It’shardtokeepupwitheverydoorhandle,everyrailing,”Kozarskysays.“Youcanbeealittleneurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)thatway.”5．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Topredicttheconclusion. B．Topresenttheargument.C．Tointroducethetopic. D．Todescribethephenomenon.6．WhatdoesKozarskyconveybyexplainingtheluggagecleaningcase?A．Luggagetouchingyourbedwon’thurtyou. B．Luggagespreadsdiseasethroughyourbed.C．It’samusttocleanyourluggageaftertravelling. D．Travellersshouldbecarefulofonwaydangers.7．HowdoesCostellosupporthisopinion?A．Bygivingexamples. B．Bystatingfacts.C．Bymakingparisons. D．Bylistingfigures.8．WhatdoesKozarskythinkofCostello’ssuggestion?A．Ithasgonetoofar. B．It’sabsolutelyworthless.C．Itsoundssomewhatreasonable. D．It’sworthtakingintoconsideration.（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·包頭市第四中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）monphraseslike“nopains,nogains”givetheimpressionthatweoughttobesufferingwhilewestudy.It’salmostasthoughtheonlywaytoknowifwe’reputtinginenoughworkisthesenseofhardshipwebear.Whenwehaven’ttakenthetimetoeupwithanotherstrategy,allweknowhowtodoisshutourselvesinaroomwithabook.It’snosurprisethatwefindrevisionboringanddifficult.Justaschildrenlearnfromplaying,wecanlearnfromdoing,oratleastfromstudytechniquesthatengageus,ratherthanmakeusswitchoff.Shuttingyourselfawaycanmakeyoulearntohatestudying.Thisleadstoasituationwhereinsteadofbeingabletoconcentrateonyourwork,youobsessabout(嘮叨)howunfairitisthatyoumuststudy.Whenyoufeelbitteraboutyourworkit’sverydifficulttomakeyourselfstart,orapproachitwithenthusiasm.Thiscanbepartofaviciouscycle(惡性循環(huán))thattrapsyouintoineffectiverevision,yourpoorprogressfuellingfurtherbitterness.Justbeingaroundotherpeoplereallyhelpsfightagainstfeelingsoflonelinessand,thankfully,it’sperfectlypossibletoworkinthepanyofotherpeople.Wejustneedtolearnhowtodealwithdistractions.It’snotnecessarytoavoidallpany,justidle(懶散的)pany.Studyinginthesameroomwithsomeonewhoisironingorworkingoutisperfectlypossible.Peoplewhoareboredandlookingtobedistracted,however,areterribletoworkaround.Theyconstantlytrytokeepothersinconversation.It’salsoagoodideatoavoidthepanyofpeopleengagedinactivitiesthatyouwouldratherbedoingthanstudying.Workingwhilesittingnexttosomeoneplayingvideogamesismuchmorelikelytoendwithanewhighscorethanaproductivefewhoursofrevision.Ifbeingaroundothersmeansworkinginanoisyenvironment,apairofheadphonesandsomebackgroundmusiccanblockoutnoises.Theyalsoactasapsychologicalbarrier,sothatpeoplethinktwicebeforeinterruptingyou.Whenyou’restudyingforabigexam,itseemslikeyourwholelifeistakenupwithstudy.Beinginthesameroomwithfriendsandfamilycanlessenfeelingsofisolation(孤立).Alsoconnectingwithotherpeoplemakesushappy,soit’simportantnottogivethatupandtomakesurethatwetakethetimetosocialize.9．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothesaying“nopains,nogains”?A．Serious. B．Positive C．Negative D．Uncaring.10．Whatshouldyoudoifyouarestudyinginanoisyenvironment?A．Giveindicationofnotwantingtobeinterrupted.B．Giveupothers’panyatonce.C．Thinktwicebeforetakinganyaction.D．Forceyourselftobeaccustomedtotheenvironment.11．Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Waystodealwithdistractions.B．Howtochooseaperfectplacetostudy.C．Learningproblemsstudentsarefacedwith.D．Howtofocusmindonstudy.12．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toencouragestudentstoworkhard.B．TointroduceeffectivelearningstrategiesC．Toremindstudentstobalancestudyandplay.D．Toadvisestudentsstudyinthepanyofothers.（2023·山西·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whatdoyouwantfromlife?Perhapsyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,orgetamoresecurejob,orimproveyourhealth.Butwhydoyouwantthosethings?Chancesarethatyouranswerwilledowntoonething:Happiness.Yetthereissomeevidencethattoomuchpursuitofhappinessisassociatedwithagreaterriskofdepression.Modernconceptionsofhappinessareprimarilypractical,focusingonwhatwemightcallthetechniquesofhappiness.Theconcernisnotwhathappinessis,butinsteadonhowtogetit.Butmaximizingpleasureisn’ttheonlyoption.Everyhumanlife,eventhemostfortunate,isfilledwithpain.Painfulloss,painfuldisappointments,thephysicalpainofinjuryorsickness,andthementalpainoflongsufferingboredom,loneliness,orsadness.Painisanunavoidableconsequenceofbeingalive.Allthegoodthingsinlifeinvolvesuffering.Writinganovel,runningamarathon,orgivingbirthallcausesufferinginpursuitofthefinal,joyousresult.Thereareotherfactorsaswell.IntheeyesofAristotle,wegethappinessbyexercisingouruniquelyhumancapabilitiestothinkandreason.Butthinkingandreasoningareasmuchsocialactivitiesastheyareindividual.Happinessrequiresothers;itisnotanemotionalstatesomuchasitistheexcellenceoftherelationswecultivatewithotherpeople.Buteventhatcannotguaranteehappiness.Aristotlerecognisedthatourhappinessishostage（人質(zhì)）tofortune.Eventsbeyondanyindividual’scontrol—war,poverty,andglobalpandemics—willoftenmakehappinessimpossible.Happinessisnotamentalstatethatcanbepermanentlywon,butinsteadit’sapracticewhichwehone（磨練）,imperfectly,incircumstancesonlypartlyofourmaking.Recognizingthiswillnotsecureagoodlife,butitwillavoidtheillusory（虛幻的）hopeofpermanentcontentment.Nolifeworthlivingshouldmeettheonlystandard.Instead,aimwithAristotletoembracethosefaultsandtoflowerinspiteofthem.13．Wherecanyoufindnegativeeffectsoffocusingtoomuchon“happiness”?A．Inparagraph2. B．Inparagraph3.C．Inparagraph4. D．Inparagraph5.14．Howdoestheauthorprovethatpainisanunavoidableresultofbeingalive?A．Bymakingparisons. B．Byanalyzingcauses.C．Bygivingexamples. D．Bytellingstories.15．WhatisAristotle’sviewonhappiness?A．Happinessisastableemotionalstate.B．Goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtohappiness.C．Takingpartinsocialactivitiesguaranteeshappiness.D．Happinesspromotesindependentthinkingandreasoning.16．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Happinessiswhathumanspursueforever.B．Happinessliesintheprocessofpursuingit.C．Ourpursuitofhappinessmaybeimperfect.D．Depressionandhappinessareequallyimportant.（2023·四川·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Nearly10,000protesterscameoutinsupportoftheBlackLivesMatterrallyinLondon.LondonersfilledVictoriaParkinsupportoftheBlackLivesMattermovementagainstthesystemicracismandpolicebrutality(暴行)happeningintheUnitedStatesandCanada.TheBlackLivesMattermovementhasseenthousandsofpeopleacrossCanada,theUnitedStatesandtheworldjointogetherfollowingthedeathofGeorgeFloyd,ablackmandiedinpolicecustodyafterawhitepoliceofficerwasfilmedkneelingonhisneck.Floyd’sdeathinMinneapoliswasonlythelatestinanumberofcasesofBlackmendyingwhileinpolicecustody.“Racismhappenshere,ithappenstome,ithappenstomyson,ithappenstomyfriends,andwehavejustbeenquietandsilentforfartoolong,”saidAlexandraKane,aspokespersonforBlackLivesMatterLondonmovement.SheishopingthatfromtheBlackLivesMattermovementstheycanseereformandchangeswithinthegovernmentsothatbothBlackandIndigenouspeopleare“viewedandtreatedfairly”.“WewantpeoplewithinourownBlackmunitytoknowwesupporteachother.Wedon’toftencongregatea