寧夏回族自治區(qū)簡介中英文

PAGE6-寧夏回族自治區(qū)區(qū)情簡介AnOverviewofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion寧夏回族自治區(qū)成立于1958年，面積6.64萬平方公里，2014年總?cè)丝?61.5萬人，其中回族人口占35.6%，是全國五個(gè)少數(shù)民族自治區(qū)之一。轄5個(gè)地級市，22個(gè)縣（市、區(qū)）。Foundedin1958,Ningxiacoversatotalareaof66,400squarekilometers.Thetotalpopulationis6.615millionin2014,ofwhichtheHuipeopleaccountsfor35.6%.ItisoneofthefiveminorityautonomousregionsinChina.Itgovernsfiveprefecture-levelcitiesandtwenty-twocounties(orcounty-levelcities,districts).自然狀況。寧夏全境海拔1000米以上，地勢南高北低，落差近1000米，呈階梯狀下降。屬典型的大陸性氣候，為溫帶半干旱區(qū)和半濕潤地區(qū)，具有春多風(fēng)沙、夏少酷暑、秋涼較早、冬寒較長，雪雨稀少、日照充足、蒸發(fā)強(qiáng)烈等特點(diǎn)，年平均降水量300毫米左右。NaturalConditionsTheaveragealtitudeisover1,000meters,higherinitssouththaninitsnorthwithastepping-downdropofnearly1,000meters.Itistypicallycontinentalinclimateasatemperatesemi-aridandsubhumidregion,asischaracterizedbywindyandsandyspring,shorthotsummer,earlyandcoolautumn,longandcoldwinter,sparsesnowandrain,abundantsunshineandstrongevaporation.Theaverageannualprecipitationisapproximately300millimeters.地理區(qū)劃。在地形上分為三大板塊：一是北部引黃灌區(qū)。地勢平坦，土壤肥沃，素有“塞上江南”的美譽(yù)。二是中部干旱帶。干旱少雨，風(fēng)大沙多，土地貧瘠，生存條件較差。三是南部山區(qū)。丘陵溝壑林立，部分地域陰濕高寒，是國家級貧困地區(qū)之一。GeographicalConditionsThewholeregioncanbedividedintothreesections.ThenorthernYellowRiverirrigationarea,featuringsmoothplainandfertilesoil,haslongenjoyedthefameof“AnOasisintheHinterland”.Themiddlearidarea,dry,windyandsandy,isknownforitsbarrenlandandpoorlivingconditions.Thesouthernmountainousarea,dominatedbyhillsandravines,coldandhumidinpart,isoneofthepovertystrickenareasinChina.歷史沿革。寧夏是中華遠(yuǎn)古文明的發(fā)祥地之一。早在3萬年前就有人類活動，創(chuàng)造了舊石器晚期的“水洞溝文化”。戰(zhàn)國秦昭襄王三十五年（公元前272年）設(shè)北地郡。秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國后，寧夏北部首次納入中央版圖。西晉末年，匈奴人赫連勃勃建立地方政權(quán)，自號夏，寧夏屬其管轄范圍。唐朝，在靈州（今寧夏靈武）設(shè)大都督府和朔方節(jié)度使。1038年，黨項(xiàng)族首領(lǐng)李元昊以寧夏為中心建立大夏國，史稱西夏，定都興慶府（今銀川市）。1227年，蒙古滅西夏后，取“安寧”之意，改名“寧夏”。明朝設(shè)寧夏衛(wèi)，清朝設(shè)寧夏府。民國初年設(shè)朔方道，1929年成立寧夏省。1954年寧夏省撤銷并入甘肅。1949年9月23日寧夏解放，1958年10月25日成立寧夏回族自治區(qū)，首府銀川市。HistoricalEvolutionNingxiaisoneoftheoriginsofChinesecivilization.About30,000yearsago,therewerehumanhabitatsalready,withindicationsattheShuidonggouPaleolithicSiteandtheCaiyuanVillageSite.ZhaoxiangEmperorestablishedtheBeidiShireinthe35thyear(272BC)oftheQinDynasty.AfterQinshihuangunifiedChina,thenorthernpartofNingxiawasincorporatedintotheChineseterritoryforthefirsttime.Attheendofnationalaveragelevelfor13consecutiveyears.Thereformandopeninguphavebeenpromotedinanin-depthway.Thestructuraladjustmenthasshownpreliminaryeffects.Theurbanandruralareashavetakenongreatchangesandpeople’slivelihoodhasalsobeenimprovedremarkably.In2014,theregionrealizedaGDPof275billionyuan,increasingby8%;thelocalpublicfinancialbudgetrevenuereached33.98billionyuan,growingby10.2%.Thesocialfixedassetinvestmentaggregatedat320.1billionyuan,increasingby19.4%.Thesocialconsumptionretailvolumetotaled67.32billionyuan,increasingby10.3%.Thedisposableincomeofurbanresidentsgrewby8.4%to23,285yuan,andthenetincomeforruralresidentsincreasedby10.7%to8,410yuan.Thefirsthalfofthisyearhaswitnessedayear-on-yeargrowthof7.4%intermsoftheregion’sGDP,12.8%intermsoffixedassetinvestment,7.6%oflocalpublicbudgetrevenue,8.2%and8.9%respectivelyofdisposableincomeforurbanandruralresidents.寧夏新十景簡介IntroductiontotheTenScenesofNingxia艾依春曉AiyiRiver艾依河工程南起青銅峽水利樞紐壩下，北至平羅縣沙湖，沿途連接數(shù)十個(gè)湖泊濕地共5萬余畝，于2003年開工建設(shè)，規(guī)劃線路總長83公里，目前已建成48公里。艾依河建成后在改善溝道水質(zhì)、調(diào)節(jié)地下水位、提高城市防洪排水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、保障湖泊濕地、提高水資源利用率等方面發(fā)揮了巨大作用，同時(shí)美化了人居環(huán)境，成為銀川市一道亮麗的風(fēng)景線。StartingfromtheQingtongxiaDaminthesouthandreachingtheSandLakeinPingluoCounty,theAiyiRiverprojectlinksdozensofwetlandsandlakescoveringatotalareaof50,000mu(15mu=1hectare).Initiatedin2003,theprojecthasaplannedrouteof83kilometers,with48kilometersalreadyfinished.Uponcompletion,theprojectplaysasignificantroleinimprovingwaterquality,adjustingundergroundwaterlevel,upgradingthecity’scapacityoffloodpreventionanddrainage,protectinglakesandwetlandsandenhancingwaterefficiency.Meanwhile,itstandsasanembellishmenttoYinchuanCity’sscenery,upgradingitsenvironmentgreatly.古堡新影ZhenbeibuFilmTown鎮(zhèn)北堡西部影城距銀川市35公里，是在一個(gè)原始古堡的基礎(chǔ)上修建的。這里保持并利用了古堡原有的奇特、雄渾、蒼涼、悲壯、殘舊、衰而不敗的景象，突出了它的荒涼感、黃土味及原始化、民間化的審美內(nèi)涵，盡可能地保留了它特殊的審美價(jià)值，讓電影藝術(shù)家們在這一片西部風(fēng)光中心情盡興地發(fā)揮他們的想象力和創(chuàng)造力。Located35kilometersfromYinchuanCity,theZhenbeibuFilmTownwasbuiltupontherelicsofanancientfortress.Itfullyutilizestheoriginalscenesofuniqueness,mightiness,desolation,solemnness,andbleaknesstopreserveitsdistinctivefeatures,sothatthefilmmakerscanrunwildtheirimaginationandcreativityamidthewesternscenery.賀蘭晴雪HelanMountains賀蘭晴雪，古寧夏八景之一。六月暑日，在景區(qū)西邊溝盡頭的青羊溜山巔上，藍(lán)天晴空，白雪蓋頂，這就是古寧夏八景之首的“賀蘭晴雪”。自古詩人用“滿眼但知銀世界，舉頭都是玉江山”來贊美“賀蘭晴雪”勝景。SunlitsnowyHelanMountainstopstheeightscenesofancientNingxia.ItiscomprisedofazureskyandsnowcappedpeaksoftheQingyangliuMountaininsummer.Sinceancienttimespoetshaveusedtheverseof“asilverworldasfarastheeyescansee,ajaderiverlikemountainstretchingendlesslyabovethehead”topaytributetothescene.黃河金岸GoldenBanksalongtheYellowRiver寧夏回族自治區(qū)黨委、政府提出打造“黃河金岸”，推進(jìn)沿黃城市帶建設(shè)的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想，利用沿黃地帶集聚10座城市的優(yōu)勢，打造一個(gè)沿黃城市群，這就是“黃河金岸”。黃河流經(jīng)寧夏397公里，沿黃河兩岸依次分布著銀川、石嘴山、吳忠、中衛(wèi)4個(gè)地級市，以及平羅、青銅峽、靈武、賀蘭、永寧、中寧等縣市，這10個(gè)城市占自治區(qū)43%的土地面積，集中了自治區(qū)57%的人口、80%的城鎮(zhèn)、90%的城鎮(zhèn)人口，創(chuàng)造了寧夏90%以上的GDP和財(cái)政收入。TheCPCNingxiaCommitteeandNingxiaPeople’sGovernmentproposedtheinitiativeoftheGoldenBanksalongtheYellowRiver,aimingtobuildacityclusteralongtheYellowRiveronthebasisofthecurrenttencities.TheYellowRiverflowsthroughNingxiafor397kilometers,onthetwobanksofwhichdotfourprefecturelevelcitiesofYinchuanCity,ShizuishanCity,WuzhongCityandZhongweiCityandcounties(orcountylevelcities)ofPingluo,Qingtongxia,Lingwu,Helan,Yongning,Zhongning,etc.43%ofNingxia’slandarea,57%ofitspopulation,80%ofitscitiesand90%ofitsurbanpopulationareconcentratedhere,contributingtoover90%ofNingxia’sGDPandfiscalrevenue.回鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)情HuiCustoms寧夏回族自治區(qū)，回族人口約占全區(qū)總?cè)丝诘?/3，占全國回族人口的1/5。從平坦無垠的銀川平原，到溝壑縱橫的六盤山區(qū)，幽靜肅穆的清真大寺宏偉壯觀，民風(fēng)淳樸的回回村莊散布四方，你都能感受到濃濃的民族氣息?；刈迦嗣駸崆楹每?，當(dāng)你隨意來到一戶回族人家做客，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)就能看到主人熱情洋溢的笑臉，他們會拉著你的手說“色倆目”，把你迎進(jìn)屋，端出各種各樣、新奇美味的清真食品讓你大快朵頤，酥脆可口的馓子、色澤亮黃的油香、香辣撲鼻的羊雜碎、肉質(zhì)鮮嫩的羊羔肉，還有手抓羊肉、羊肉泡饃……?；剜l(xiāng)處處好風(fēng)景，風(fēng)情萬種把客迎?；叵腼L(fēng)情在寧夏是一道獨(dú)特的風(fēng)景，相信你來到寧夏，一定會流連忘返，樂而忘歸。中華回鄉(xiāng)文化園是回鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)情和回族文化的縮影。TheHuipopulationaccountsforonethirdsofthetotalpopulationofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionandonefifthsofChina’stotalamount.FromtheYinchuanPlaintotheLiupanMountains,youwillfindmagnificentmosquesandvillagesinhabitedbytheHuipeople,aswellasastrongethnicflavor.TheHuipeoplearefriendlyandhospital.Wheneveryouvisittheirfamily,youwillbewelcomedbywarmsmilesanddelicioushalalfood,suchasfrieddoughtwist,friedflourcake,stewedsheepentrails,boiledmutton,andpitabreadsoakedinlambsoup.TheHuicustomsstandasauniquesceneofNingxia,whichwillleaveeveryvisitoradeepimpression.TheChineseHuiCultureParkisminiatureoftheHuicustomsandcultureinNingxia.六盤煙雨LiupanMountains六盤山是我國最年輕的山脈之一，素有“春去秋來無盛夏”之說。主峰米缸山海拔2942米,登上主峰遠(yuǎn)眺,朝霧迷漫,云海蒼茫。日出云開,但見重巒疊嶂；風(fēng)去雨過,滿眼蒼山疊翠。1935年毛澤東同志率領(lǐng)中國工農(nóng)紅軍長征到達(dá)此地,觸景言志,借山抒懷,寫下了光輝詩篇《清平樂六盤山》。AsoneoftheyoungestmountainrangeofChina,theLiupanMountainsarefamousforthecoolsummers.OnthetopofthemainpeakMigangMountain,whichis2,942metershigh,youwillfindtheverdantmountainsshroudedinaseaofclouds.In1935whenMaoZedongledtheChineseWorkers’andPeasants’RedArmyhere,hewasdeeplyimpressedbytheviewandwrotethewell-knownpoemofLiupanMountains.沙湖葦舟SandLake沙湖是我國AAAAA級景區(qū)，位于寧夏石嘴山市，景區(qū)總面積為80.10平方公里，其中水域面積45平方公里，沙漠面積22.52平方公里。沙湖以自然景觀為主體，沙、水、葦、鳥、山五大景源有機(jī)結(jié)合，構(gòu)成了獨(dú)具特色的秀麗景觀，是一處融江南秀色與塞外壯景于一體的“塞上明珠”。TheSandLake,locatedinShizuishanCity,Ningxia,isa5A-classscenicspotwithatotalareaof80.10squarekilometersand45squarekilometersofwaters.Theuniquesceneryofthelakeiscomposedofsand,water,reed,birdandhill.Combiningthelushsouthern-typefieldswithdesertscenery,thelakeisreputedasaPearlintheHinterland.沙坡鳴鐘ShapotouScenicSpot沙坡鳴鐘——是中衛(wèi)八景之一。位于中衛(wèi)城西，過迎水橋，駛進(jìn)浩瀚無垠的騰格里沙漠；綠洲上面，是高達(dá)近百米的大沙丘，直逼黃河左岸。在2000多米的沙堤中間，有一段坡最陡，勢最險(xiǎn)。這就是自然奇觀、"會唱歌的沙漠"--鳴沙山的"沙坡鳴鐘"。這里的沙子，一年四季都能發(fā)出一種奇妙的聲音。如果登上坡頂，順勢下滑，即刻會聽到嗡嗡嗡的轟鳴。TheShapotouScenicSpot,locatedwestofZhongweiCityandontheedgeoftheTenggerDesert,iscomposedofsanddunesashighas100metersonthenorthernbankoftheYellowRiver.Inthemiddleofthe2,000-meter-longsanddam,thereistheslopeoftheMingshaMountainwhichisthemoststeepandprecipitous.Hereisthesceneofthesingingdesert,whichproducesatollingsoundwhenoneslidesdowntheslope.神秘西夏ImperialMausoleumofWesternXia西夏王陵又稱西夏帝陵，位于寧夏回族自治區(qū)銀川市西約30公里的賀蘭東麓。是西夏王朝的皇家陵寢，在方圓53平方公里的陵區(qū)內(nèi)，分布著九座帝陵，270多座陪葬墓，陵邑、祖廟遺址2處，窯址10余處，是中國現(xiàn)存規(guī)模最大、地面遺址最完整的帝王陵園之一。1988年被國務(wù)院公布為全國重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位、國家重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū),后被評為國家AAAA景區(qū)，被世人譽(yù)為"神秘的奇跡"、"東方金字塔"。TheImperialMausoleumofWesternXiaislocatedattheeasternfootoftheHelanMountains,30kilometerswestofYinchuanCity.ItisthemausoleumforthesuccessivekingsofWesternXia.Coveringanareaof53squarekilometers,themausoleumhasnineimperialtombs,over270auxiliarytombs,twotemples,andtencaves.AsoneofChina’slargestimperialmausoleumswiththebestpreservedgroundbuildings,itislistedasoneofthekeyculturalrelicsunderstate-levelprotectionanda4A-classscenicspot.Itisrenownedasa“MysteriousMiracle”andthe“OrientalPyramid”.水洞兵溝ShuidonggouSite位于銀川市東南19公里的水洞溝古人類文化遺址經(jīng)歷千萬年的風(fēng)沙雕蝕，鬼斧神工地般的造就了魔鬼城、旋風(fēng)洞、摩天崖、臥駝嶺