江蘇省南通市海安市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)英語(yǔ)試題【含答案】

2024屆高三期初學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)試卷英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)考生在答題前請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀本注意事項(xiàng)及各題答題要求1.本試卷共10頁(yè)，滿分150分，考試時(shí)間為120分鐘?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卷交回。2.答題前，請(qǐng)您務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、座位號(hào)用0.5毫米黑色字跡簽字筆填寫在答題卷上。3.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真核對(duì)監(jiān)考員在答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼上的姓名、考試證號(hào)與你本人的是否相符。4.作答選擇題必須用2B鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案。作答非選擇題必須用書寫黑色字跡的0.5毫米的簽字筆寫在答題卷上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律無(wú)效。第一部分：聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面的5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后都有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whywasthemanlateforwork?A.Hewasstuckintraffic.B.Hehadatrafficaccident.C.Hiscarbrokedownontheroad.2.Whatdoesthemanlikeaboutthenewshop?A.Thelocation.B.Theassistants.C.Theclothes.3.Whatisthemandoing?A.Placinganorder.B.Askingaboutanitem.C.Requestingadeliveryservice.4.WhomightLilybe?A.Thewoman’sbabysitter.B.Thewoman’sboss.C.Thewoman’schild.5Whatdoesthewomanagreetodo?A.Changeseats.B.Calloffhertrip.C.Travelonadifferentday.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdoesthewomandescribethefurniturestore?A.Therearegoodsofahighquality.B.Therearegoodbargainsonsale.C.Theysellgoodsonlineaswell.7.Whatwillthemandofirst?A.SurftheInternet.B.Gotothestore.C.Compareprices.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning.B.Atnoon.C.Intheafternoon.9.Whydoesn’tthemangototheconferenceroomnow?A.Heneedstomeettheclients.B.Heisworkingonanothertask.C.Hehascheckedtheheaterbefore.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Thewoman’scousin.B.Theirweekendplans.C.Alocalband.11.Whoisthewomanscheduledtomeet?A.Arelative.B.Abandmember.C.Aconcertorganizer.12.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.ConvinceJane.B.Payforthetickets.C.Findouttheavailabilityoftickets.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whathappenedtothewomanatthebeginning?A.Shelostherphone.B.Shecouldn’tfindtheway.C.Shewastrappedinheavysnow.14.Howdidthewomankeepwarm?A.Byhavingmoreclotheson.B.Byusingthecarheater.C.Bydrinkinghottea.15.Whydidthewomanturnofftheengine?A.Itbrokedown.B.Shestoppedtoansweracall.C.Thecarwasrunningoutofgas.16.Whatdidtheemergencyservicesdo?A.Theycalledanambulance.B.Theyledthewomantoherhome.C.Theyhelpedthewomangotothemainroad.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatkindofplaceisOldsville?A.Anoilfield.B.Atouristarea.C.Adesertedtrainstation.18Whatcantouristsseerightbesidethetrack?A.Desertplants.B.Trees.C.Animals.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthebridge?A.Itisdangerous.B.Itisoveradeepriver.C.Itismadeofwood.20.Wherecantouristsgetdrinks?A.Fromastore.B.Fromthespeaker.C.Fromamachine.第二部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANashvilleTNWelcometoyourMusicCityvacationplanningcenter,whereyoucanmakereservationsforlodging,activities,diningandmore!Youcanmeettoday’shotteststarsandcountrymusiclegendsattheGrandOleOpry,cruisetheCumberlandaboardtheGeneralJacksonShowboatDinnerCruiseortourthesights!ClassicMusicCityAttractionsWhenonethinksofMusicCity,thereareseveralattractionsthatimmediatelycometomind,namelytheGrandOleOpry,TheGeneralJacksonShowboatDinnerCruise,andtheRymanAuditorium.SomeofthemostamazingstarshavetakenthestageattheGrandOleOpry.AnotherhistoricvenueinMusicCityistheRymanAuditorium.Aswellasattendingconcertsandshows,visitorstotheRymancantakeleisurelytourstolearnallaboutthehistoryoftheperformingcenter.ArchitecturalWondersAsoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheUnitedStates,itisnowonderthatthiscityishometosomeofthemostimpressivepiecesofarchitecture.Fromlandmarkstouniversitiesandeverythinginbetween,thosewhohaveapassionforhistoryaresuretohaveanamazingtimeexploringtheseplaces.MusicCityArt&MuseumsForthosewholoveart,theFristCenterisamust-haveactivity.Thisartmuseumfeaturesapproximately24,000sqftfilledwithavarietyofexhibitionsanddisplaysthataresuretoimpress.Thisnon-profitcenterisopensevendaysaweekandfeaturesrotatingexhibitssothere’ssomethingnewwitheachvisit.Shopping,Dining&MoreDowntownisamongthemostpopularareasofthecityasitholdssomeofthegreatestattractionsandmore.East,theever-growingregionisabustling(熙攘的)placetovisitwhileinMusicCity!Fromaneclecticatmospheretohistoriclandmarksandmore.Fromlocaldeliciouseatstobreweriesandshoppingopportunities,thisneighborhoodiswellworthavisit!1.InNashvilleTN,visitorscan.A.haveachancetoperformonthestage.B.exploresomeimpressivehistoricbuildings.C.meetsomehotstarsandpickupfictionstories.D.goshoppinginDowntown,themostpopulararea.2.WhatisspecialabouttheFristCenter?A.Liveconcertscanbeenjoyed.B.ItisthelargestmuseuminNashvilleTN.C.Thecenterisaccessibleeverydayexceptonholidays.D.Visitorscangetdifferentvisitingexperienceseverytime.3.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TointroducethecityofNashvilleTN.B.Tohelppeopletotailorvacationplans.C.Toarousevisitors’interestinmusicandart.D.ToremindvisitorsofprotectingNashvilleTN.【答案】1.B2.D3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹音樂(lè)之城NashvilleTN。目地是幫助人們制定度假計(jì)劃?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由ArchitecturalWonders中“AsoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheUnitedStates,itisnowonderthatthiscityishometosomeofthemostimpressivepiecesofarchitecture.Fromlandmarkstouniversitiesandeverythinginbetween,thosewhohaveapassionforhistoryaresuretohaveanamazingtimeexploringtheseplaces.(作為美國(guó)最美麗的城市之一，難怪這座城市擁有一些最令人印象深刻的建筑。從地標(biāo)到大學(xué)，以及介于兩者之間的一切，那些對(duì)歷史充滿熱情的人一定會(huì)在探索這些地方度過(guò)一段美妙的時(shí)光。)”可知，游客可以探索一些令人印象深刻的歷史建筑。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由MusicCityArt&Museums中“Forthosewholoveart,theFristCenterisamust-haveactivity.Thisartmuseumfeaturesapproximately24,000sqftfilledwithavarietyofexhibitionsanddisplaysthataresuretoimpress.Thisnon-profitcenterisopensevendaysaweekandfeaturesrotatingexhibitssothere’ssomethingnewwitheachvisit.(對(duì)于那些熱愛(ài)藝術(shù)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，F(xiàn)ristCenter是必不可少的活動(dòng)。這座藝術(shù)博物館占地約24000平方英尺，里面有各種各樣的展覽和展覽，一定會(huì)給人留下深刻印象。這個(gè)非營(yíng)利中心每周開(kāi)放七天，以輪流展覽為特色，所以每次參觀都會(huì)有新的東西。)”可知，游客每次都可以獲得不同的參觀體驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“WelcometoyourMusicCityvacationplanningcenter,whereyoucanmakereservationsforlodging,activities,diningandmore!Youcanmeettoday’shotteststarsandcountrymusiclegendsattheGrandOleOpry,cruisetheCumberlandaboardtheGeneralJacksonShowboatDinnerCruiseortourthesights!(歡迎來(lái)到您的音樂(lè)城度假規(guī)劃中心，在那里您可以預(yù)訂住宿、活動(dòng)、餐飲等！您可以在GrandOleOpry與當(dāng)今最炙手可熱的明星和鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)傳奇人物見(jiàn)面，乘坐GeneralJackson游船晚餐巡游Cumberland，或游覽景點(diǎn)！)”以及后文可知，文章主要為游客介紹音樂(lè)之城NashvilleTN的一些旅游景點(diǎn)，所以B項(xiàng)Tohelppeopletotailorvacationplans.(幫助人們制定度假計(jì)劃。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。BBlackstudentsreportedfacingbarriersthatpreventthemfromcompletingtheirundergraduatestudiesinsixyearsorless,regardlessofthetypeofcertificateordegreeprogram,accordingtoresearchpublishedThursdaybyGallupandtheLuminaFoundation.ThemostsignificantfactorscontributingtothelowerratesamongBlackstudents,thestudyfound,wereexperiencingactsofdiscriminationandmanagingmultipleprioritiesthatcaninterferewithcompletingcoursework.Thereportcompileddatainfall2022from6,008collegestudentsacrossdifferentcertificationanddegreeprograms,including1,106Blackstudents.21%ofBlackrespondentssaidtheyfeltdiscriminatedagainstfrequentlyoroccasionallycomparedto15%ofotherstudents.Blackstudentswerealsomorelikelytohavesharedthattheyfeltdisrespectedorpsychologicallyunsafeataninstitutionwhilelearning.28%ofBlackstudentswhoattendedaninstitutionwithlittlediversityfeltphysicallyunsafe,while26%feltdisrespectedand27%feltpsychologicallyunsafe.ManagingmultipleprioritieswasanotherfactorinterferingwithBlackstudents’educationgoals.Thereportfoundthat22%ofBlackstudentsoverallhavecaregivingresponsibilities,comparedto11%ofstudentsinotherracialgroups,and20%ofBlackstudentsoverallhavefull-timejobs,comparedto11%ofotherracialgroups.Asidefromdiscriminationandthetaskofmanagingresponsibilities,thedataalsoacknowledgedotherbarriersmakingitdifficultforBlackstudentstocompletetheireducation,includingthehighcostsofattendingschool.AnApril2022reportbyTheEducationTrustfoundthatbecauseBlackwomenfallwithintwomarginalizedgroups,theymakelessmoneyandoftenhavetotakeoutmoreloanstocoverthecostofattendingcollege.4.Whichfactorcan’tleadtothelowerrateofcompletingeducationamongblackstudentsdirectly?A.Managementofmultiplepriorities. B.Experiencesofdiscrimination.C.Thetypesofcertificateordegreeprograms. D.Highcostsofattendingschool.5.Howdidtheresearcherdrawtheconclusion?A.Byreferringtopreviousstudies.B.Bymakingsomecomparisons.C.Byexplainingcausesandeffects.DByanalyzingrespondents’psychology.6.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.About21%ofBlackstudentsfeeldiscriminatedagainstfrequently.B.Blackstudentsfeeldiscriminatedmainlyduetophysicalinsecurity.C.Blackstudentshavetotakefull-timejobsforlackofaccesstoloans.D.Theblackfemalestudentsmaybeinthemostdisadvantagedposition.7.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthephenomenonreferredtointhepassage?A.Objective. B.Favorable. C.Critical. D.Concerned.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講一項(xiàng)研究具體報(bào)告了一些導(dǎo)致黑人學(xué)生入學(xué)率較低的最重要因素。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中“ThemostsignificantfactorscontributingtothelowerratesamongBlackstudents,thestudyfound,wereexperiencingactsofdiscriminationandmanagingmultipleprioritiesthatcaninterferewithcompletingcoursework.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致黑人學(xué)生入學(xué)率較低的最重要因素是經(jīng)歷歧視行為和管理可能干擾完成課程的多個(gè)優(yōu)先事項(xiàng))”和最后一段中“Asidefromdiscriminationandthetaskofmanagingresponsibilities,thedataalsoacknowledgedotherbarriersmakingitdifficultforBlackstudentstocompletetheireducation,includingthehighcostsofattendingschool.(除了歧視和管理責(zé)任的任務(wù)外，數(shù)據(jù)還承認(rèn)了其他使黑人學(xué)生難以完成學(xué)業(yè)的障礙，包括高昂的上學(xué)成本)”可知，多個(gè)優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)的管理、歧視的經(jīng)歷和上學(xué)費(fèi)用高能直接導(dǎo)致黑人學(xué)生完成教育的比率較低，C項(xiàng)“證書或?qū)W位課程的類型”無(wú)法直接導(dǎo)致黑人學(xué)生完成教育的比率較低。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中“21%ofBlackrespondentssaidtheyfeltdiscriminatedagainstfrequentlyoroccasionallycomparedto15%ofotherstudents.(21%的黑人受訪者表示，他們經(jīng)常或偶爾感到受到歧視，而其他學(xué)生的這一比例為15%)”和第四段中“Thereportfoundthat22%ofBlackstudentsoverallhavecaregivingresponsibilities,comparedto11%ofstudentsinotherracialgroups,and20%ofBlackstudentsoverallhavefull-timejobs,comparedto11%ofotherracialgroups.(報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，22%的黑人學(xué)生總體上有照顧責(zé)任，而其他種族群體的學(xué)生只有11%，20%的黑人學(xué)生整體上有全職工作，而其他族裔群體的這一比例為11%)”可知，研究人員是通過(guò)把黑人學(xué)生和其他族裔學(xué)生進(jìn)行對(duì)比而得出結(jié)論的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段中“AnApril2022reportbyTheEducationTrustfoundthatbecauseBlackwomenfallwithintwomarginalizedgroups,theymakelessmoneyandoftenhavetotakeoutmoreloanstocoverthecostofattendingcollege.(教育信托基金會(huì)2022年4月的一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于黑人女性屬于兩個(gè)邊緣化群體，她們賺的錢更少，而且往往不得不獲得更多的貸款來(lái)支付上大學(xué)的費(fèi)用)”可知，黑人女性被自己種族群體和其他種族群體所歧視，因而黑人女學(xué)生可能處于最不利的地位。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段中“ThemostsignificantfactorscontributingtothelowerratesamongBlackstudents,thestudyfound,wereexperiencingactsofdiscriminationandmanagingmultipleprioritiesthatcaninterferewithcompletingcoursework.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致黑人學(xué)生入學(xué)率較低的最重要因素是經(jīng)歷歧視行為和管理可能干擾完成課程的多個(gè)優(yōu)先事項(xiàng))”和下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講一項(xiàng)研究具體報(bào)告了一些導(dǎo)致黑人學(xué)生入學(xué)率較低的最重要因素，作者并未發(fā)表個(gè)人見(jiàn)解，可得出作者對(duì)文章中提到的現(xiàn)象持客觀態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。CAnewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle(微妙的)butpreviouslypoorlyunderstoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesandchangesinthesizeofanimalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabouthowbirdsmayadapttotherapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.ForthestudyinNatureCommunications,theresearcherslookedatnearly7,000speciesofterrestrialnonmigratorybirds—whichisnearlytwo-thirdsofallbirdspecies—andfocusedonhowbirdspecieshasevolvedinambienttemperature(溫度的梯度)andotherfactorsofselection.Twowidelyaccepted“rules”inbiologyindicatethataslocaltemperatureschange,animalsarelikelytoadjustheattransfercapabilitiesbychangingthesizeoftheirbodiesandextremities(四肢).BiologistCarlBergmann’srulestatesthatcolderclimatesspawnbiggerbodiesbecausetheyhelpkeepheatwhilesmallerbodieshelpshedit.Asaresult,apolarbearismorethan21/2timesastallattheshoulderasasunbearfromequatorialregions.ZoologistJoelAsaphAllen’sruledealswithextremities,suchaslimbs,ears,andbeaks,statingthatanimalsincolderclimatestendtohavesmallerextremitiesbecauseextremitiestendtohavemoresurfacethanvolumeandareuniquelysuitedtoshedheat.Forexample,arctichareshaveevolvedshortlegsandears,whereasdesertjackrabbitshaveevolvedverylonglegsandears.“Theproblemisthateverythingweknowaboutecologytellsusthatchangingthesizeofbodiesandextremitiescanbeproblematic,”saysleadauthorCarlosBotero,anassociateprofessorofintegrativebiologyattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Forexampleifbodysizedecreases,birdsmaynotbeabletohuntthesamefoodastheirancestors.Similarly,iftheaveragesizeorshapeofabillchanges,birdsmaybecomelessefficientforagers(覓食者)orhavetroubleproducingtypicalmatingcalls.Itisnotsurprisingthatmanypriorstudieshavefailedtofindevidenceforthesepredictionsandthattheseso-calledbiologicalrulesarecurrentlycontroversial.ThenewstudycouldclarifythatdebatebyshowingthatalthoughthepatternsthatBergmannandAllenpredictedoccurinthewild,thetwoseparatemechanismscomplementeachother.8.Whatisthenewstudyabout?A.Thetworulesproposedbypreviousresearchers.B.Thedifferencesbetweenanimalsincoldandwarmareas.C.Theeffectglobalclimatechangehasonanimals’foraging.D.Thewaybirdsevolveinresponsetotherisingtemperature.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spawn”inparagraph4probablymean?A.makefor B.bringin C.arisefrom D.wipeout10.Accordingtothepassage,thebirdsinthecolderareastendtohave.A.biggerbodiesandlongerlegs. B.biggerbodiesandshorterlegs.C.smallerbodiesandlongerlegs. D.smallerbodiesandshorterlegs.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thetworuleswithseparatemechanismsarecontradictory.B.Thenewstudycombinesthepriorstudiesandthetworules.C.Thenewstudyprovidessupportingevidenceforthetworules.D.Thetworulesshowanimalschangethebodysizetokeepheat【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示了在溫度和動(dòng)物身體部位大小變化之間發(fā)生的微妙但以前鮮為人知的進(jìn)化跳躍的新線索。這項(xiàng)新研究為鳥(niǎo)類如何適應(yīng)全球氣候變化導(dǎo)致的氣溫迅速上升提供了重要的見(jiàn)解。文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了介紹?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle(微妙的)butpreviouslypoorlyunderstoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesandchangesinthesizeofanimalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabouthowbirdsmayadapttotherapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.(一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示了在溫度和動(dòng)物身體部位大小變化之間發(fā)生的微妙但以前鮮為人知的進(jìn)化跳躍的新線索。這項(xiàng)新研究為鳥(niǎo)類如何適應(yīng)全球氣候變化導(dǎo)致的氣溫迅速上升提供了重要的見(jiàn)解。)”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究是關(guān)于鳥(niǎo)類對(duì)氣溫上升的反應(yīng)。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Asaresult,apolarbearismorethan21/2timesastallattheshoulderasasunbearfromequatorialregions.(因此，北極熊的肩高是赤道地區(qū)馬來(lái)熊的2.5倍多。)”可知，此處是指較冷的氣候會(huì)導(dǎo)致更大的動(dòng)物體型，所以spawn意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”。故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Forexample,arctichareshaveevolvedshortlegsandears,whereasdesertjackrabbitshaveevolvedverylonglegsandears.(例如，北極野兔進(jìn)化出了短腿和耳朵，而沙漠大野兔進(jìn)化出了非常長(zhǎng)的腿和耳朵。)”和第四段第二句“Asaresult,apolarbearismorethan21/2timesastallattheshoulderasasunbearfromequatorialregions.(因此，北極熊的肩高是赤道地區(qū)馬來(lái)熊的2.5倍多。)”可知，寒冷地區(qū)的鳥(niǎo)類往往有更大的身體和更短的腿。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“ThenewstudycouldclarifythatdebatebyshowingthatalthoughthepatternsthatBergmannandAllenpredictedoccurinthewild,thetwoseparatemechanismscomplementeachother.(這項(xiàng)新的研究表明，盡管Bergmann和Allen預(yù)測(cè)的模式在野外也會(huì)出現(xiàn)，但這兩種不同的機(jī)制是互補(bǔ)的，從而澄清了這一爭(zhēng)論。)”和第一段“Anewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle(微妙的)butpreviouslypoorlyunderstoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesandchangesinthesizeofanimalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabouthowbirdsmayadapttotherapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.(一項(xiàng)新的研究揭示了在溫度和動(dòng)物身體部位大小變化之間發(fā)生的微妙但以前鮮為人知的進(jìn)化跳躍的新線索。這項(xiàng)新研究為鳥(niǎo)類如何適應(yīng)全球氣候變化導(dǎo)致的氣溫迅速上升提供了重要的見(jiàn)解。)”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究為這兩條規(guī)則提供了支持性證據(jù)。故選C。DU.S.forestscouldworsenglobalwarminginsteadofeasingitbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanet-warminggasesastheygetolder,anewAgricultureDepartmentreportsays.U.S.forestscurrentlyabsorb11percentofU.Scarbonemissions,or150millionmetrictonsofcarbonayear,equaltothecombinedemissionsfrom40coalpowerplants,thereportsays.Itpredictsthattheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbonwillstartfallingquicklyafter2025andthatforestscouldemitupto100millionmetrictonsofcarbonayearastheiremissionsfromrottingtreesexceedtheircarbonabsorption.Forestscouldbecomea“substantialcarbonsource”by2070,theUSDAreportsays.ThepredictionsuggeststhatthelossofforestsasanaturalcarbonabsorberwillrequiretheU.S.tocutemissionsmorerapidlytoreachnetzero,saidLynnRiley,aseniormanagerofclimatescienceattheAmericanForestFoundation.“Tenpercentofourdomesticemissions.Thatisareallysignificantportion,”Rileysaid.“Asweworktodecarbonize...forestsareoneofthegreatesttoolsatourdisposal.Ifweweretolosethat,itmeanstheU.S.willcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions.”Thelossofcabonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires,tornadoesandhurricanes,whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thedisastersdestroyforestland,disruptingtheirecosystemanddecreasingtheirabilitytoabsorbcarbon,Rileysaid.Exploitationofforestedareas,whichthereportprojectswillcontinuetoincrease,ishavingthesameeffectaspeopleincreasinglymovetotheso-calledwildandurbaninterface.Thetrees’abilitytoabsorbcarbonweakensovertime.Older,maturetreesabsorblesscarbonthanyoungertreesofthesamespecies,andtheU.S.forestsarerapidlyaging,thereportfound.Moreaggressiveforestmanagementcanhelpbycuttingdownasmallportionofagingforeststomakewaysforyoungertreesthatabsorbmorecarbon,Rileysaid.Athoroughstudyofeachforestshouldbedonebeforeremovingoldertrees,Rileysaid,comparingforestmanagementtoprescribingtheproperdugstoapatient.12.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Coalpowerplantsemit150millionmetrictonsofcarboneveryyearB.Cuttingdownalloldertreesisaneffectivewaytosolvetheproblem.C.Anewstudyofforestshouldbeconductedafterremovingoldertrees.D.Forestsarelikelytoshiftfromacarbonabsorbertoanemissionsource.13.WhatcanweinferfromwhatRileysaidinparagraph3and4?A.Forestsplayacrucialroleinholdingcarbon.B.Forestsarenolongeranaturalcarbonabsorber.C.TheU.Smakescontributionstodecarbonization.D.Achievingnetzeroemissionsiswithineasyreach.14.ThefollowingfactorscancausethelossofcarbonabsorptionEXCEPT.A.agingforests B.naturaldisastersC.globalwarming D.developmentofforests15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.CuttingCarbonHelpsSlowGlobalWarming.B.GlobalWarmingIsBecomingWorseGradually.C.ForestsAreLosingTheirAbilitytoHoldCarbon.D.PlantingMoreTreesIsatTheTopofTheAgenda.【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的一份新報(bào)告稱，美國(guó)的森林正在遭受自然災(zāi)害的破壞，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，它們正在失去吸收溫室氣體的能力，這可能會(huì)加劇全球變暖，而不是緩解全球變暖。文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Itpredictsthattheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbonwillstartfallingquicklyafter2025andthatforestscouldemitupto100millionmetrictonsofcarbonayearastheiremissionsfromrottingtreesexceedtheircarbonabsorption.Forestscouldbecomea“substantialcarbonsource”by2070,theUSDAreportsays.(它預(yù)測(cè)，森林吸收碳的能力將在2025年之后開(kāi)始迅速下降，森林每年可能排放高達(dá)1億噸的碳，因?yàn)楦癄€的樹(shù)木排放的碳超過(guò)了它們吸收的碳。美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的報(bào)告稱，到2070年，森林可能成為“重要的碳源”。)”可知，森林很可能從碳吸收器轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕欧旁础９蔬xD?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句““Asweworktodecarbonize...forestsareoneofthegreatesttoolsatourdisposal.Ifweweretolosethat,itmeanstheU.S.willcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions.”(“在我們努力脫碳的過(guò)程中……森林是我們可以利用的最偉大的工具之一。如果我們失去了這一點(diǎn)，這意味著美國(guó)將貢獻(xiàn)更多的排放。”)”可知，從萊利在第3段和第4段所說(shuō)的話中可以推斷出森林在儲(chǔ)存碳方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。故選A。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Thelossofcabonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires,tornadoesandhurricanes,whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise.(吸收損失部分是由野火、龍卷風(fēng)和颶風(fēng)等自然災(zāi)害造成的，隨著全球氣溫上升，這些自然災(zāi)害的頻率和強(qiáng)度都在增加。)”可知，自然災(zāi)害和全球變暖都會(huì)引起碳吸收損失，根據(jù)第一段“U.S.forestscouldworsenglobalwarminginsteadofeasingitbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanet-warminggasesastheygetolder,anewAgricultureDepartmentreportsays.(美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的一份新報(bào)告稱，美國(guó)的森林正在遭受自然災(zāi)害的破壞，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，它們正在失去吸收溫室氣體的能力，這可能會(huì)加劇全球變暖，而不是緩解全球變暖。)”可知，樹(shù)木老化也會(huì)引起碳吸收損失。故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“U.S.forestscouldworsenglobalwarminginsteadofeasingitbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanet-warminggasesastheygetolder,anewAgricultureDepartmentreportsays.(美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的一份新報(bào)告稱，美國(guó)的森林正在遭受自然災(zāi)害的破壞，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，它們正在失去吸收溫室氣體的能力，這可能會(huì)加劇全球變暖，而不是緩解全球變暖。)”可知，文章主要是講隨著樹(shù)木的老化，森林正在失去吸收溫室氣體的能力。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheWorldBookDay,alsocalledWorldBookandCopyrightDay,fallsonApril23rd._____16_____Readingextensivelyexposesyoutonewideasandknowledge,improvesyourconcentrationandmemory,andenhancesyourcreativityandcriticalthinkingskills.Despitetheimportanceofreading,manystudentstodaydon’thaveagoodhabitofreading.Thereareafewreasonsforthis:lackoftimeandmotivation,abundanceofdigitaldistractionsandfailuretosticktoreading.However,thesechallengescanbeovercomewithyourconsciousefforts.First,youneedtomaketimeforreadingbylimitingtimespentonsocialmediaorotherleisureactivities.Startwithjust15—30minutesadayofreadingandyoucanworkyourwayuptolongersessions.____17____Manylibrariesalsohavedigitalbookoptionsifyouprefere-readersoraudiobooks.Second,buildthehabitbyschedulingreadingtimeeachdayandstickingtoit.____18____Evenjusthavingaregularroutineoncertaindaysoftheweek,suchasreadingMondaytoFridayafterdinnerforexample,canhelpyoucement(鞏固，加強(qiáng))itasahabit.Finally,trackyourprogresstostayontrack.Setmonthlyreadinggoalstoachieveandrecordthebooksyouread,howlongthesessionswereandanykeyinsightsgained.Itisatraditionalwaytowriteonanotebook.____19____.Bymakingreadingapriority,limitingdistractions,settingaregularschedule,andtrackingyourprogress,youcansuccessfullydevelopthehabitofreading.____20____Sotakethefirststeptocultivatethisimportanthabittoday.Yourfutureselfwillsurelythankyouforit.A.Todayusinganappmaymakeiteasiertoachieve.B.Thegoalofthedayistoengagepeopleinreading.C.Habitsareformedthroughconsistencyandrepetition.DDevelopingahabitofreadingisparticularlyunnecessary.E.Protectingthecopyrightislikelytobethefocusoftheday.F.Alifelongloveofreadingwillenrichyourlifeinsomanyways.G.Findbooksyouaregenuinelyinterestedintohelpbuildmotivation.【答案】16.B17.G18.C19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了養(yǎng)成閱讀這一良好習(xí)慣的幾種方式。【16題詳解】前文“TheWorldBookDay,alsocalledWorldBookandCopyrightDay,fallsonApril23rd.(4月23日是世界圖書日，也稱為世界圖書和版權(quán)日。)”引出世界圖書日，空處應(yīng)承接上文，圍繞讀書日這一天展開(kāi)論述，B項(xiàng)“這一天的目標(biāo)是讓人們參與閱讀?！狈项}意，選項(xiàng)中的theday指代前文中的TheWorldBookDay。故選B。【17題詳解】后文“Manylibrariesalsohavedigitalbookoptionsifyouprefere-readersoraudiobooks.(如果你喜歡電子閱讀器或有聲讀物，許多圖書館也有電子書可供選擇。)”講述了可以選擇圖書館的電子書，根據(jù)句中的also可知，空處應(yīng)講述可以選擇其他某種圖書類型，G項(xiàng)“找一些你真正感興趣的書來(lái)幫助建立（閱讀的）動(dòng)力。”符合題意。故選G?！?8題詳解】本段首句“Second,buildthehabitbyschedulingreadingtimeeachdayandstickingtoit.(其次，通過(guò)每天安排閱讀時(shí)間并堅(jiān)持來(lái)促成習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成。)”是段落主旨句，講述了要每天堅(jiān)持閱讀，養(yǎng)成閱讀習(xí)慣，空處應(yīng)承接上文，C項(xiàng)“習(xí)慣是通過(guò)堅(jiān)持和重復(fù)培養(yǎng)起來(lái)的?！狈项}意，且選項(xiàng)中的Habits和前文中的habit對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C?！?9題詳解】前文“Setmonthlyreadinggoalstoachieveandrecordthebooksyouread,howlongthesessionswereandanykeyinsightsgained.Itisatraditionalwaytowriteonanotebook.(設(shè)定每月的閱讀目標(biāo)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)并記錄你讀過(guò)的書、課程時(shí)間以及獲得的任何關(guān)鍵見(jiàn)解。在筆記本上寫是一種傳統(tǒng)方式。)”講述了在筆記本上記錄你讀過(guò)的書、課程時(shí)間以及獲得的任何關(guān)鍵見(jiàn)解，這是一種傳統(tǒng)方式，空處應(yīng)承接上文，講述傳統(tǒng)之外的其他記錄方式，A項(xiàng)“如今，使用應(yīng)用程序可能會(huì)使其更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。”符合題意。故選A。【20題詳解】后文“Sotakethefirststeptocultivatethisimportanthabittoday.Yourfutureselfwillsurelythankyouforit.(所以，今天就邁出培養(yǎng)這個(gè)重要習(xí)慣的第一步。你未來(lái)的自己一定會(huì)為此感謝你。)”呼吁邁出培養(yǎng)閱讀習(xí)慣的第一步，這將有助于塑造更好的自我，由So可知，空前應(yīng)講述這個(gè)習(xí)慣對(duì)讀者自身的好處，與后句形成因果關(guān)系，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“終身熱愛(ài)閱讀會(huì)在很多方面豐富你的生活?！狈项}意。故選F。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ThefirstcablecaroriginatedfromSanFrancisco.Theywereinventedbeforetheautomobileinthedayswhenhorse-drawnstreetcarswerethepopularpublictransportation.Oneday,AndrewHallidie,whosefatherwastheinventorofthewirerope,witnessedaterrible____21____involvingastreetcarforwhichitwasthat____22____theideaofthecablerailway.Hewaswanderingaroundthestreetwhenhenoticedahorsestrugglingto____23____thestreetcarupJacksonStreet.It’s_____24_____andwasdraggedbackdownahill,passengersandgoods_____25_____outofthecarriage.ThisscenetriggeredHallidietofinda____26____waytotransportpeopleandthings.Backhome,Hallidie____27____strandsofwireropestomakewirecables,believingthecableswouldbe____28____enoughtopullthecablecars.Thenhefoundsomeonetohelphim____29____thecars,withdifficultybutsuccessfully.HealsomanagedtogetthehelpofWilliamE.Eppelsheimer,aGermanengineer,who_____30_____thefirstcablecarline.Finally,Hallidieobtainedaformal_____31_____fromalawyernamedBenjaminBrookstobuildavalidsystem.August2,1873sawthefirsttrialofthecablecar.Originally,Hallidiehiredagripmantooperatethecar.Butafterlook