2024屆高考英語(yǔ) 二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法填空 專題練習(xí)（含解析）

Passage1AsoneofChina'straditionalfolkhandicrafts,woodcarvingisabranchofcarving.Chinahasatime-honouredhistoryofwoodcarving.Itdidn'tbecomeakindofart1.________peoplebegantohaveartisticability.The2.________(early)existingwoodcarvingwasunearthedin1980inHubeiProvinceandwasbelieved3.________(make)duringtheWarringStatesabout3，000yearsago.InoneofHanYu'spoems,hedescribedawood-carvingfigurevividly.DuringtheSongandYuanDynasties,somepainters4.________(begin)tofocusonwood-carvingpainting.InQingDynasty,woodcarvingreachedanewpeak,andthereweremanyartistsspecialized5.________woodcarving.Todaymany6.________(value)woodcarvingsarekeptintheImperialPalaceinBeijingandYuyuanGardeninShanghai.Accordingtodifferentusages,woodcarvingcanbemainlydividedintotwocategories.The7.________(apply)woodcarvingisendowedwith(賦予)thepracticalfunctionaswellasthedecorativevalue.Theycanserveaschairs,tables,sofas,screens,flower8.________(shelf)andsoon.Somekindsofcarvingareonlyusedasdecoration,whichaccountfor9.________largeportion(部分)ofwoodcarvings.They10.________(shape)intonumerousanimals,flowersandhumanfigures.Passage2Mostofushavefeltthe1.________(annoy)whenoursmartphonebreaksallofasudden.Phonemanufacturersseemtogotoextraordinarylengthstostopconsumers2.________(open)thebackoftheirphonestotryDIYrepairs.Helpisaroundthecorner.Fairphoneisanewcompany3.________hasproducedaself-repairablemobilephone.ThefounderisBasvanAbel,aDutchdesignengineer,whosetouttomake“theworld'sfirstethicalsmartphone”.He4.________(start)hiscompanyin2013withfourbasicprinciples.First,hesaidwhathewantedtodowasuserawmaterialsfromnon-conflictminingareas.Healsowantedtomake5.________productthatwasrecyclable,durableandrepairable.TheFairphonesays6.________(it)missionistomotivate“amassiveindustrytotakeresponsibilityforitsimpactontheworld,byestablishingaviable(可行的)marketforethicalelectronics”.It7.________(highlight)thefactthatmanyworkerswhoproducetechnologyareworkinginunacceptable8.________(condition).Finally,itsays:“Astimegoesby,communicationtechnologyisontracktoaccount9.________14percentoftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissionsby2040.”TheFairphonecomeswithascrewdriver(螺絲刀)andis10.________(easy)repairable.Theplasticusedis40percentrecycled,andthemineralsareethicallysourced.Passage3Asisknowntoall,peoplearoundtheworldspendbillionsofdollarseveryyear1.________(attempt)tolookyounger.Companiesproducethousandsofcreams,pillsandtreatmentsforourskintolookyounger.Inaddition,scientists2.________(work)fordecadesontryingtoslowdowntheageingprocess.Thisweek,scientistsmadeabreakthrough.Theyhavedevelopedamethodto“timejump”cellsinhumanskin.ThescientistsfromtheBabrahamInstituteinCambridge,theUKsaytheycanturnback3.________ageingclockincellsby30years,whichcouldmakeskinlookyounger.Skincellsintheirtestskeptalloftheimportantfunctions.Thescientistssaytheirresearchisstillatanearlystage,4.________thatitcouldhelppeoplelookyoungerinthefuture.Thetechniquedeveloped5.________thegroupcouldchangemedicineandhealth.Theleadresearcher,DrDiljeetGill,said：“Sofar,we'veonlytestedthistechniqueinskincells.We'reexcited6.________(see)ifwecantranslateitacrossothercelltypes.”Thismeansitcould7.________(use)totreatskinproblems,likeburns,acneandeczema.Thescientistshopetheir8.________(finding)couldalsobeappliedtootherpartsofthebody.Theirnewmethodcouldadditionallyhelptohealcutsmorequickly,9.________(especial)inolderpeople.ResearcherDrWolfReiksaid：“Ifyoucutyourself,it'lltake10.________(quick)tohealthewound.”Passage4Chinalauncheditsthirdaircraftcarrier,theFujian,inShanghaionJune17th,2022.Thecarrier,1.________(name)afterFujianProvince,wascompletelydesignedandbuiltbyChina.Thenewcarrierwasputintothewateratalaunchceremonythatstartedatabout11am.ApprovedbytheCentralMilitaryCommission,theFujian2.________(give)thehull(船體)Number18.ItisChina'sfirstdomestically-madecarrierthatusescatapults(彈射器).Uponitscompletion,3.________hugeshipwilldisplace(排出)morethan80，000metrictonsofwater,makingitthe4.________(large)andmightiestwarshipanyAsiannationhaseverbuilt.Asisknowntoall,beforetheFujianaircraftcarrier,thePLANavyhashadtwocarriers—CNSLiaoningandCNSShandong,bothof5.________haveastandarddisplacementofaround50，000tonsandaconventionalsystem,anduseaskijumpmodefor6.________(launch)fixed-wingaircraft.7．________theLiaoningandShandongbeingincreasinglyusedforpatrollinganddrills,Chinaneededanotheraircraftcarrier8.________(increase)itsinnerpower,inordertomaintainmaritimepeaceand9.________(stable)intheregion.TheFujiancandothatjobonceitcompletes10.________(it)seatrials.Passage5Formanyblindpeopleandthosewithvisiondifficulties,lifecanbemadeeasierwithaguidedog.Butmakingagoodguidedog1.________(take)muchwork.Andformany,thelongroadbeginswhenthedogisapuppy.Forexample,five8-week-oldpuppiesarrivedinMarylandinFebruary.Atthattime,theywereloving,playfulanimals—likeallpuppies.Nowhowever,theyareontheroadto2.________(become)usefulmembersofsociety.Iftheyprove3.________(them)able,theycouldbecomeguidedogs.Theywillhelptoimprovethelivesofpeoplewithvision4.________(lose)andvisionimpairment.Thefaithful-friends-to-bearepartofatrainingprogrammeof5.________organizationcalledGuidingEyesfortheBlind.Theyoungdogswerebredforhealthandtemperamentwhichmeanshowtheyrespond6.________theirenvironment.However,breedingalonewillnotbeenough.Theywillneednurturingfromdogtrainingexpertsandvolunteers7.________(call)PuppyRaisers.Thegoalofthisnurturingistoturnthe8.________(energy),playfulpuppiesintowell-behavedandwell-socializeddogs.Onceasolidfoundationisinplace,puppiesmustleavetheirraisersandreturntotheGuidingEyestrainingcentre9.________theygetofficialguidedogtraining.10.________(final),dogsdemonstratetodecidewhethertheycanbecomeaguidedogfortheblind.Passage6Theworld'slargestigloocafecanbefoundinnorthernIndia.Aniglooisashelterthatisusuallyroundandismade1.________snowandice.Butthecafewillnotexistfortoomuchlonger.The40-seatbusiness2.________(expect)tomeltawaysometimeinMarch.ItisattheHimalayanwintersportsresort,3.________is50kilometressouth-westofSrinagarand2，500metresabovesealevel.WasimShahisthe4.________(create)ofthecafe.Anigloovillage5.________(build)inSwitzerlandhelpedShahcomeupwiththeidea.Thecafehastwoareas.Coffeeandsmallfoodsareservedinonearea.Theotherisforartwork.Shahsaid,“Ittookus64days6.________(complete).Weemployedalllocalstoconstruct7.________andthesnowartwasalldonebyme.”Thecafe8.________(immediate)becamepopularwithvisitors.Thebusinesshas300to400visitorseveryday.Visitorswearwinterclothesandsitonsheepskinseatstostaywarm.Itisthesecondyearthatthey9.________(construct)theigloocafe.Thisyear'sigloocouldservealmost20，000visitorsduringafullseason.Shahhasa10.________(big)plan.Thegoalistocreateanigloovillagenextyear.Itwillhaveplacestosleep,alongwiththecafe.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)民間手工藝木雕。1．答案與解析：until考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。此處含有not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“直到……才……”。2．答案與解析：earliest考查最高級(jí)。通過(guò)分析可知，此處指最早存在的木雕是1980年在湖北省出土的，空格處需用最高級(jí)。3．答案與解析：tobemade考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。首先根據(jù)bebelievedtodo可知空處需用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，再根據(jù)make與主語(yǔ)woodcarving為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系可知此處需用不定式的被動(dòng)式。4．答案與解析：began考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處講的是宋朝和元朝時(shí)的事情，需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。5．答案與解析：in考查介詞。bespecializedin是固定短語(yǔ)，表示“專攻”。6．答案與解析：valuable考查形容詞?？仗幮栌眯稳菰~修飾名詞woodcarvings，表示寶貴的雕刻品。7．答案與解析：applied考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。通過(guò)分析可知，apply與被修飾詞woodcarving之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，空處需用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。8．答案與解析：shelves考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)前面“chairs,tables,sofas,screens”都為名詞復(fù)數(shù)可知，此處shelf也要用相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式shelves。9．答案與解析：a考查冠詞。此處指占據(jù)了一大部分，alargeportionof意為“一大部分”。10．答案與解析：areshaped考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。shape在此處為動(dòng)詞，與主語(yǔ)they為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且此處敘述事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。【語(yǔ)篇解讀】很多人都經(jīng)歷過(guò)手機(jī)突然壞了的煩惱，F(xiàn)airphone手機(jī)公司為了應(yīng)對(duì)這種狀況，開發(fā)了一款可以自己修理的節(jié)能環(huán)保手機(jī)。1．答案與解析：annoyance考查名詞?？崭裉幾髻e語(yǔ)，需用名詞annoyance。2．答案與解析：opening考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處為stop...（from）doingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)中省略了from的用法。3．答案與解析：that/which考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為anewcompany，指物，限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，that和which均可。4．答案與解析：started考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in2013可知句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。5．答案與解析：a考查冠詞。制作一款可回收利用、耐用又可修復(fù)的產(chǎn)品，表示泛指。6．答案與解析：its考查代詞。修飾名詞mission用形容詞性物主代詞its。7．答案與解析：highlights考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致?？崭裉庩愂鍪聦?shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為it，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。8．答案與解析：conditions考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。condition意為“環(huán)境”時(shí)，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。9．答案與解析：for考查介詞。accountfor在此意為“占據(jù)比例”。10．答案與解析：easily考查副詞。此處需用副詞修飾形容詞repairable?！菊Z(yǔ)篇解讀】誰(shuí)不想青春永駐，看著更加年輕？科學(xué)家們?cè)诖藛?wèn)題上奮斗多年，終于有了重大突破。他們找到了一種辦法，這種辦法可以讓細(xì)胞逆轉(zhuǎn)30年，讓人看起來(lái)更加年輕。1．答案與解析：attempting考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。spend...（in）doingsth.意為“花費(fèi)……做某事”。2．答案與解析：haveworked/havebeenworking考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中fordecades可知，科學(xué)家們奮斗了幾十年試圖減緩衰老。此處可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語(yǔ)scientists為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3．答案與解析：the考查冠詞。此處表示特指，用定冠詞。4．答案與解析：but考查連詞?？茖W(xué)家們說(shuō)，他們的研究還處于早期階段，但是能夠幫助人們?cè)谖磥?lái)看起來(lái)更年輕。前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，but符合題意。5．答案與解析：by考查介詞。句中指由這個(gè)組研發(fā)的這門技術(shù)，介詞by接動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。6．答案與解析：tosee考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。beexcitedtodo為常用結(jié)構(gòu)。7．答案與解析：beused考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句中指能夠被用來(lái)處理皮膚問(wèn)題，could后用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。8．答案與解析：findings考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。finding表示“研究結(jié)果”，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。9．答案與解析：especially考查副詞。修飾介詞短語(yǔ)“inolderpeople”需用副詞形式。10．答案與解析：quicker考查比較級(jí)。根據(jù)上文的“morequickly”以及語(yǔ)境可知，如果傷到了自己，傷口的痊愈速度更快，空格處需用比較級(jí)，此時(shí)quick為副詞。【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。2022年6月17日，中國(guó)第三艘航空母艦成功下水，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)領(lǐng)海能力再上一個(gè)臺(tái)階。1．答案與解析：named考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。該句謂語(yǔ)為“wasdesignedandbuilt”，空格處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句中指“被命名為”，需用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填named。2．答案與解析：wasgiven考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致?？崭裉帪橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)theFujian與動(dòng)詞give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式。故填wasgiven。3．答案與解析：the考查冠詞。此處特指這艘航空母艦，需用定冠詞。故填the。4．答案與解析：largest考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)空前定冠詞the和后面的并列形容詞最高級(jí)mightiest可知，設(shè)空處也應(yīng)該用形容詞最高級(jí)形式，修飾后面的名詞warship。故填largest。5．答案與解析：which考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處考查定語(yǔ)從句中“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，先行詞為CNSLiaoningandCNSShandong（遼寧艦和山東艦），指物，在of后作賓語(yǔ)，故填which。6．答案與解析：launching考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處為固定短語(yǔ)usesth.fordoingsth.表示“用某物做某事”，for為介詞，故用動(dòng)名詞形式。故填launching。7．答案與解析：With考查介詞。結(jié)合后文可知，空后接了賓語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，可見(jiàn)是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。8．答案與解析：toincrease考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？崭裉幱貌欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)。9．答案與解析：stability考查名詞。maintain后需用名詞作賓語(yǔ)，與peace并列。10．答案與解析：its考查代詞?？仗幮栌眯稳菰~性物主代詞修飾seatrials?！菊Z(yǔ)篇解讀】對(duì)于許多盲人和視力有問(wèn)題的人來(lái)說(shuō)，有了導(dǎo)盲犬，生活可以變得更容易。但是，培養(yǎng)一只好的導(dǎo)盲犬需要做很多工作。本文介紹了幼犬是如何被訓(xùn)練成合格的導(dǎo)盲犬的。1．答案與解析：takes考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。根據(jù)句意可知，表示一般情況應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。又因?yàn)閯?dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。2．答案與解析：becoming考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。to為介詞，后面跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。t