《英語（二）》試卷2012年1月高等教育自學考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試

2012年1月高等教育自學考試全國統(tǒng)一命題考試《英語（二）》試卷（課程代碼0359）本試卷分為兩部分，滿分100分，考試時間150分鐘。第一部分為選擇題，1頁至8頁，共8頁。應考者必須在“答題卡”上按要求填涂，不能答在試卷上。第二部分為非選擇題，9頁至10頁，共2頁。應考者必須在“答題紙”上答題。PARTONE（50POINTS）1．VocabularyandStructure（10points，1pointeach）從下列各句四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題卡上將相應的字母涂黑。1．Alltheories______frompracticeandinturnservepractice．A．differB．rangeC．recoverD．originate2．Thereislittle______increasingyourreadingspeedifyoudonotunderstandwhatyouarereading．A．aimB．useC．valueD．meaning3．whatyousaynowisnot______withwhatyousaidyesterday．A．insistentB．prevalentC．consistentD．permanent4．Puttingprisonersinchainsdoesn’tsolvethe______0fcrime，suchaspovertyordisaffectionwithinsociety．A．causesB．victimsC．purposesD．increases5．Binarystars，astheirnamesuggests，aretwinstarswhosepositioninspace______eachother．A．affectsB．expectsC．perfectsD．inspects6．Allevidencerelevant______thecaseshouldbegatheredandanalyzed．A．withB．toC．fromD．for7．Comewhat______we’llgoaheadwithourplan．A．canB．needC．mayD．must8．Weshould______primaryimportancetothedevelopmentofeconomy．A．attachB．convertC．attributeD．contribute9．Examinerswhoare______tofavoritesarecriticizedbymanypeople．A．indifferentB．similarC．equivalentD．partial10．Lookforsmallwaystoaddactivitytoyourday,liketakingthestairs______theelevatororgoingonashortwalk．A．inspiteofB．insteadofC．intermsofD．inviewofII．ClozeTest（10points，1pointeach）下列短文中有十個空白，每個空白有四個選項。根據(jù)上下文要求選出最佳答案，并在答題卡上將相應的字母涂黑。。Peopleproducefoodinmanyways．Agriculture，orfarming，developedjthousandsofyearsago.___11___about100yearsago,mostfarmersintheUnitedStatesProducedonlyenoughfoodfortheirown___12___Today,modernequipmentandfarmingmethodshavegreatly___13___theAmericanfarmer’sproductivity.Invariouspartsoftheworld,people___14___manyanimalsthatsupplymeatandmilk.Cattle,horses,goats,sheep,andpigsareimportantfoodanimals.IntheUnitedStates,thecowisthemajorsourceofmilkproducts.Chickens___15___peoplewithbothmeatandeggs.Fishingisanimportantsourceoffood,___16___inareasnearthesea.Somecountries,likeJapan,consumemuchmorefishthanmeat.Thewealthyareasoftheworldconsumethemostfood,___17___includetheUnitedStates,Canada,andEurope.Manycountriesareabletoimportfoodifitcannotbeproducedathome.___18___GreatBritainimportsabout75percentofitsmeat，andgrowslessthanhalfthefooditspeoplerequire.___19___peopleofthepoorcountriesoftheworldusuallyeatonlywhattheyareabletoproducethemselves.InsomepartsofAsia,peoplelive___20___ricealone.11．A．InB．UntilC．FromD．for12．A．needsB．reasonsC．effortsD．interests13．A．protectedB．supportedC．increasedD．reflected14．A．growB．raiseC．trainD．store15．A．prepareB．treatC．serveD．provide16．A．certainlyB．actuallyC．occasionallyD．especially17．A．theseB．whereC．whichD．they18．A．InadditionB．ForexampleC．AboveallD．Afterall19．A．HoweverB．ThereforeC．MoreoverD．instead20．A．withB．forC．onD．throughIII．ReadingComprehension（30points，2pointseach）從下列每篇短文的問題后所給的四個選擇項中選出一個最佳答案，并在答題卡上將相應的字母涂黑。PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.LatelyithasbecomefashionableinAmericatoquestionwhetheritisreallyworthittogotocollege.AccordingtoanewsurveyreleasedbythePewResearchCenter,only40percentofAmericansfeltthatcollegesprovidedagoodvalueforthecost.Atthesametime,86percentofcollegegraduatesstillfelttheinvestmentwasagoodoneforthem.Thereareanumberofreasonsforthewidespreaddissatisfactionwithcollege.First,thereareplentyofproblemswithhighereducation—poorqualityandout-of-controlcostsaretwoofthebiggest，Second，itistruethatcollegeisnotforeveryone．Thereareplentyofrewardingandimportantcareersthatdonotrequirecollege．Andduetothesloweconomy，theremayinfactbemoregraduatesthanthecurrentjobmarketneeds．Besides，anti-collegesentimentisnothingnew·Today，Microsoft’sBillGatesorApple’sSteveJobs—bothcollegedropouts-isoftenheldupasevidenceofwhyallthattimesittinginclassisbetterspentelsewhere．However，gettingacollegeeducationisstillagoodidea．Collegegraduatesearnmore，andaremorelikelytohaveajobinthefirstplace．Accordingtothestatisticslastyear，theaverageweeklyearningsforsomeonewithsomecollegebutnodegreewere$712，comparedto$1，038foracollegegraduate．Thatisalmost$17，000overthecourseofayearandthereisanevenbiggerdivideforthosewithlesseducation．Meanwhile，theunemploymentratewas9.2percentforthosewithonlysomecollegeandmorethan10percentforthosewithjustamiddleschooldegree，butitwas5.4percentforcollegegraduates．Theeconomicgapsbetweencollegecompletersandthosewithlesseducationaregettinglarger·AlthoughmostAmericanssurveyedbyPewfeeldoubtfulaboutthevalueofacollegedegree，anoverwhelmingmajorityofparentsPewsurveyedstillexpecttheirchildrentogotocollege．“Itcallbeinferredthattheincreaseddoubthasnotsignificantlyinfluenceddecisionmaking，’’Pew’sTaylorsays．“Despitetheconcernaboutrisingcostsandotherproblems，collegeremainsauniversaldesireinthiscountry．”21．RecentlymanyAmericansquestion_____．A．thevalueofacollegedegreeB．theabilityofcollegegraduatesC．thequalityofcollegeeducationD．thehighcostofhighereducation22．ThepassagetellsUSthatBillGateswas_____．A．aself-taughtcollegestudentB．ahardworkingundergraduateC．asuccessfulcollegedropoutD．asuccessfulcollegegraduate23．Thewriterseemstoagreethat_____．A．thereisnoneedtogotocollegeB．anti—collegesentimentisanewthingC．collegecannotguaranteeemploymentD．collegeeducationremainsawisechoice24．TheunemploymentrateforcollegegraduateslastYearwas_____．A．5.4％B．7.1％C．9.2％D．10％25．ThePewsurveyimpliesthat_____．A．thecostofcollegeeducationwilldecreaseB．mostAmericansstillfavorcollegeeducationC．thequalityofcollegeeducationwillimproveD．increaseddoubtaffectsparents’decisionmakingPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage·Amajorsociological（社會學的）theoryknownassymbolicinteractionism（符號互動論）offerssomeimportantclarificationofhowmenandwomenaretaughttofilldifferentrolesinsociety．Thekeyconceptinsymbolicinteractionismisthatcommunicationmakesabigdifferenceinbehavior：peopleactonthebasisofmessagestheyreceivefromothers，andhowtheyunderstandthosemessages.ThiscanbeseeninaconceptdevelopedbysociologistCharlesHortonCooleyknownasthelooking-glassself．Bythelooking-glassself，Cooleymeanttheself-imagethateachofusdevelopsaccordingtothemessageswereceivefromothers；wethinkandbehaveaccordingtoourunderstandingofthosemessages．If,forexample，ayounggirlisrepeatedlytoldthatsheispretty,shewillcometobelievethat（1）sheisinfactpretty，and（2）beingprettyisanimportantthinginherlife．Similarly，ifsheistoldthatsheisnotgood（ornotexpectedtobegood）atcertainthings（suchasmath）shewillcometobelievethatsheisnotgoodatsuchthingsandwouldbetteroffworkingatthingsshecanbesuccessfulat．Thelikelyproductisayoungwomanwhodevotesagreatdealofattentiontoherappearance，regardsbeingprettyasakeytosuccessinlife，andwhoisintimidatedbyanythinginvolvingnumbers．Sinceweknowthatyounggirlsaregivenmessageslikethese，andthatyoungboysaregivendifferentmessages，wecanseeagoodpartofhowsexrolesaretaught．Thereislittleornoevidenceofdifferencesinwhatyounggirlsandyounggirlsandboyscando，buttheolderchildrenbecome，thegreaterthedifferencesintheareasinwhichboysandgirlsarelikelytostandout.26．Symbolicinteractionismhelpstoexplain______．A．howtomakeadifferenceinpeople’ssocialbehaviorB．howtomakepeopleunderstanddifferentsocialrolesC．howmenandwomenlearntocommunicateinsocietyD．howmenandwomenlearntotakedifferentsocialroles27．The“l(fā)ooking-glassself'’conceptoffersaclueasto______．A．whetheronecanimproveone’sself-imageB．whetheroneislikelytosucceedinanareaC．howonereceivesdifferentsocialmessagesD．howsocialmessagesshapeone’sself-image28．Theexampleoftheyounggirlshowsthat______．A．womencaremoreaboutappearanceB．womenareinferiortomeninnumbersC．peopleareliabletosocialexpectationsD．peopleregardlooksasakeytoSuccess29．Thephrase“betteroff’（para.2）probablymeans——-A．morecomfortableB．moredependableC．morerespectableD．morereasonable30．Boysandgirlsarelikelytostandoutindifferentareas______．A．astheyadvanceinageB．astheygrowinwisdomC．astheirinterestsdiversifyD．astheircapacitiesdevelopPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage．SincethebeginningoftheInternetera，ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatwhenyoujoinanonlinecompany，whateverdatayouputintoitbelongstoyou．Thatmeansyoucansignupforonekindofemail，importyourcontactsintothatsystem，andifyoulaterdecidetoswitchtosomeotheremailservice，youcanexportallyourcontactsfromthefirstserviceintothenewone．YoucanuseMicrosoft’sHotmail，thenmovetoYahooMail，thentoGoogle’sGmail．Oryoucanhaveaccountsonthreeservicesandkeepallyourcontactsineachone．That’thewaythingswere—untilFacebookappeared.FacebooktookadifferentapproachUntilrecently,everythingyouputintoFacebookcouldnotbeexportedanywhere.Ineffect,youdidn’townyourdata.Facebookdid.Ofcoursethisisrubbish．TherealityisthatFacebookwantstomakeitdifficult，ifnotimpossible，foryoutoleave．NowthatpolicyhassparkedafightbetweenGoogleandFacebook．Googleisangrybecauseitsuserscan，andoftendo，exporttheirGmailcontactinformationintoFacebook．Butthosepeoplecan’tbringFacebookinformationbackintoGmail．EarlierthismonthGoogledeclareditwouldblockexportsofitsdatatoFacebook．Inashamelessmove，F(xiàn)acebookbrokethroughGoogle’sroadblocksoitsuserscouldkeeppullingdatafromGoogle．Googlesaiditwas“disappointed’’withFacebook’sbehavior．ItalsocreatedawarningscreentotellGmailusersthatiftheyexporttheirinformationtoFacebooktheywon’tgetitback．Basically，F(xiàn)acebook’spositionwithmajorITcompaniesisthis：ifyouwantaccesstoalltheinformationwe’vecollected，strikeadealwithus．MicrosoftandYahoohavedonethat，andnow，likemagic，theycanexportFacebookcontactinformationintotheirsystems，whileGooglestillcan’t．RemembertheearlydaysoftheNet，wheneverythingwasgoingtobeopenandflee?Thatwasgreatuntilpeoplerealizedthattheiruserdatacouldbeturnedintogold．Nowtherearebillionsinvolved，andnobodyisplayingniceanymore．31．BeforeFacebookappeared，people_______．A．hadalimitednumberofaccountsB．enjoyedacompletelyfreeserviceC．hadlimitedaccesstotheircontactsD．enjoyedfullownershipoftheirdata32．ItseemsthatFacebook’sapproachmakesthewriterrather_______．A．annoyedB．assuredC．puzzledD．pleased33．GoogleisangrywithFacebookduetothelatter’srefusalto_______．A．letitsusersuseGmailB．offertechnicalsupportC．shareuserinformationD．protectuserinformation34．ThepassageindicatesthatMicrosoftandYahoohave_______．A．agreedtosidewithGoogleB．acceptedFacebook’stermsC．takentheirownapproachesD．struckadealwitheachother35．Accordingtothewriter,thecurrentstateoftheNetis_______．A．misleadingB．frustratingC．promisingD．satisfyingPARTTWO（50POINTS）IV．WordSpelling（10points，1pointfortwowords）將下列漢語單詞譯成英語。每個單詞的詞類、首字母及字母數(shù)目均已給出。請將完整的單詞寫在答題紙上。36．性格，品質n.c_______37．容忍，容許vt.t_______38．幾乎不ad.h________39．四月n.A_______40．干旱，旱災n,d_______41．可靠的a.r__________42．碰撞vi.c________43．儀器；樂器n.i_______44．適度的a.m______45．淺的a.s_____46．打哈欠vi.y______47．放射n.r_______48．直接地ad.s_________49．流利的a.f___________50．排除，排斥vt.e________51．百num.h_______52．急迫的a.u_______53．坦白地ad.f_______54．清白的a.i_____55．加強，鞏固vt.s_______V．WordForm（10points，1pointeach）將括號中的各詞變?yōu)檫m當?shù)男问教钊肟瞻住４鸢笇懺诖痤}紙上。56．Couldyougivemeaquick__________（explain）forhowitworks?57．ThomasJeffersonwasaleading__________（create）oftheU.S.Constitution．58．Scholarsofferthreerelatedbutdifferentopinionsaboutdifferentopinionsaboutthe__________（mystery）originandsignificanceofthese