中考非謂語動詞語法及練習

中考要求中考要求內(nèi)容基本要求略高要求較高要求非謂語動詞一、非謂語動詞的三種形式；二、非謂語動詞的用法；三、非謂語動詞中需要注意的一些問題。課前測試課前測試1（上海市中考題）“Don'talwaysmakeMichael______thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear.”Mr.Brushsaidtohiswife.A.doB.todoC.doesD.did2（河北省中考題)Ifyoudon'tfeelwell,youmayjust______.A.stoppedreadingB.stopreadingC.stoppedtoreadD.stoptoread3（呼和浩特市中考題）Iprefertooffermoremoneyforabettercomputer______lessforthisone.A.topayingB.topayC.notitpayD.ratherthanpay4（遼寧省中考題）Nomatterhowharditis,we'llkeep______untilwemakeit.A.failedB.failingC.triedD.trying5（遼寧省中考題)Theboywastoobusy______hisfatherlastterm.A.tohearfromB.towritetoC.hearingfromD.writeto6（吉林省中考題）Ihavefinished______thisbook.YoucantakeitawayA.toreadB.readC.readingD.reads7（黑龍江省中考題）Theteachertoldherstudents______inpublic.A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshout8（杭州市中考題）Tracycan’tplaythematchnow,please______instead.A.haveLilydoitB.haveLilytodoitC.makeLilytodoitD.letLilytodoit9（福州市中考題）Canyoushowme______anE-mail?A.sendB.howtosendC.whattosendD.tosend10（長沙市中考題)Heoftenaskshisson______hisclothes.A.towashB.washC.washingD.washed語法考點語法考點考點梳理考點梳理根據(jù)英語動詞在句中是否獨立用作謂語，可以把動詞分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞兩種。謂語動詞是指動詞在句中獨立作謂語時采用的形式，如各種時態(tài)的形式。非謂語動詞是指動詞在句中不獨立作謂語時采用的形式，包括不定式、動名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）三種。清單一、動詞不定式1．不定式的形式動詞不定式的基本形式是“to＋動詞原形”，稱為帶to的不定式；有時，to可以省略，稱為不帶to的不定式。其否定形式為not+(to)+動詞原形。例：Hewantedtositdown.他想坐下。（帶to的不定式）Lethimsitdown.讓他坐下。（不帶to的不定式）這里的to只是個語法符號，沒有詞義。不定式在句中不能獨立作謂語，也沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。但是，不定式作為動詞的一種形式，依然保留了動詞的特點，即可以有自己的賓語、狀語等，有時，還可以有某種時態(tài)的變化（如完成時形式）。不定式與其附屬部分一起構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中充當一定的句子成分。例：tolearnEnglish,toworkhard,tohavewaitedalongtime等。易錯點：動詞不定式否定形式：not+(to)+do2．不定式的基本用法動詞不定式雖然是動詞的一種形式，但是它卻具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的功能，因此在句中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語（賓補）、定語、狀語等?？键c⑴用作主語：不定式作主語時，常用it做形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末,其結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis+adj.+(for/of)+動詞不定式。例：Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.---》Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.學習一門外語并不容易。Tohelpthepoorishisduty.---》Itishisdutytohelpthepoor.幫助窮人是他的責任。注意：在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.例：Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。Hiswishistobecomeapianist.Tothedoctor,themostimportantthingistosavelives.真題回放2018年北京中考完成句子:多吃水果和蔬菜對身體有好處。__________________ourhealthtoeatmorefruitandvegetables.KEYItisgoodfor2018年北京中考完成句子:戰(zhàn)士們已連續(xù)工作了18個小時，有必要讓他們停下來休息。Thesoldiershavekeptworkingfor18hours,so_____________________________________.KEYit’snecessarytomakethemstoptohavearest.考點⑵用作賓語：①一些動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，這類動詞有：agree,begin,choose,dare,decide,expect,forget,hate,hope,learn,like,love,need,offer,prefer,promise,refuse,remember,start,try,want,wish,wouldlike等，常用的有wouldlike,want,decide,learn,need,refuse,agree,plan,expect,wish?？谠E1：想要決定學習，需要同意計劃，希望不要拒絕。想要（wouldlike,want）決定（decide）學習（learn）需要（need）同意（agree）計劃（plan）希望（wish,expect,hope）拒絕（refuse）例：Ihopetoseehersoon.Shewantstogotouniversitysomeday.Hebegantoreadandwriteafterlunch.（當一個以上的不定式連用時，后面的不定式往往省略to。）真題回放2018重慶單選28：--What’syourplanforthesummerholiday?--I’venoidea,butI’vedecided_________athomeandhaveagoodrestfirst.AstayBtostayCstayedDstayingKEYB考點②常見的一些省略to的動詞不定式的句式Whynotdo…,hadbetter(not)do…,wouldratherdo…,could/would/willyouplease(not)do…Iwouldratherstayathome.真題（2018年北京完成句子）：1.郵局離這兒有點遠，你最好坐車去。Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.____________takeabus.KEY:You’dbetter2.為什么不早點兒把這個好消息告訴他呢？_____________tellhimthegoodnewsalittleearlier?KEY:Whynot或者Whydon’tyou③在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。Wefounditimpossibletocrosstheriver.（本句中的it是形式賓語，不定式短語tocrosstheriver是真正的賓語。）考點注意：不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how，who連用，相當于一個賓語從句的作用。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.Hedidn’tknowwhichtochoose.比較：whattodo與howtodoit真題回放2018年河北單選39：Wearegoingforapicnictomorrow.I’llcallWendytomakesure___________.AwhytostartBwhentostartCwhattostartDwhichtostart2018年四川成都單選30：Allthehatslookbeautiful.Idon’tknow______________.AhowtochooseBwheretochooseCwhichonetochoose2018年山東濰坊單選30：Theyoungsoldierreallydoesn’tknow__________tostopthebabyfromcryinghard.AwhattodoBhowtodoCwhentodoDwheretodoKEYBCA⑶用作賓語補足語：不定式作賓語補足語時有兩種情況：考點①在大多數(shù)雙賓及物動詞后，要用帶to的不定式，這類及物動詞常用的有：allow,ask,beg,enable,encourage,expect,find,get,hate,help,invite,like,order,prefer,tell,waitfor,want,warn,wish,wouldlike等。常考點：ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.口訣2：讓想要希望，鼓勵說服允許三二二，一一一口訣解釋：三，二，一分別指代動詞的數(shù)量。即：三讓（tell,ask,get）,二想要（wouldlike/love,want）,二希望（wish,expect）,一鼓勵（encourage）一允許（allow）一說服（persuade,高中考點，初中名校校內(nèi)考試）例：Theyaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.Shewantsherbrothertogotouniversity.Wearewaitingforthedoctortocome.真題回放2018年北京中考單項選擇33:TheteacheraskedBen___________adifficultquestioninclass.AanswerBansweringCtoanswer Danswered2018年吉林中考單項選擇40:Tellhim__________tomorrow,OK?AcomeBtocomeCcomesDiscoming2018年浙江嘉興中考單項選擇22Myfatherisnotgoodatcooking.Heoftenasksmymother_____________.AtohelphimBtobehelpedCnottohelphimDhowtohelphim2007年上海中考單項選擇：Weareoftentold__________atpeoplewhoareintrouble.AnottosmileBtosmileCnottolaughDtolaughKEYCBAC考點②在表示五官感覺、致使等意義的動詞后，要用不帶to的不定式，這類動詞有：feel,hear,notice,see,watch;have,let,make等。help有時也可用不帶to的不定式?？谠E3：吾看三室兩廳一感覺，半幫助打死也不吐。口訣解釋：吾看（lookat,see,watch,notice,observe)三室（let,make,have)兩廳（hear,listento)一感覺（feel)半幫助打死也不吐(help)注意：?？紗卧~---let,see,hear,make例：Theyheardhimsingasonginthemeetingroom.Theboysawtwomenenterthehouse.Theyoungmanmadetheoldmachinestartworking.Theteachershelpedthestudents(to)learnEnglishwell.本類動詞在變成被動語態(tài)時，原句中作賓補的不定式前要加上to，同時原來的賓補就變成了主語補足語。例：Twomenwereseentoenterthehouse.Theoldmachinewasmadetostartworkingbytheyoungman.真題回放2018年北京中考完成句子:戰(zhàn)士們已連續(xù)工作了18個小時，有必要讓他們停下來休息。Thesoldiershavekeptworkingfor18hours,so_____________________________________.KEYit’snecessarytomakethemstoptohavearest.2018年四川中考單項選擇：Tomoftenmakeshislittlesister______butyesterdayhewasmade______byhissister.Acry;tocryBtocry;cryCcry;cryDtocry;tocryKEYA考點⑷用作狀語：不定式用作狀語時一定要帶to，可以表示多種語義，如目的、結(jié)果、程度、原因等?？键c①用作目的狀語（寫作，單選中考察），例：Hecametoborrowmydictionary.Theywentonfoot,soasnottobeheard.Inordernottobeheard,theywentonfoot.soasto,inorderto意思都是“以便，為的是”，它們都可以用在句中，但是在句首要用inorderto。另外，以上后兩句例句中用了否定式，意思是“以免，免得”。inorderto,soasto,inorderthat,sothat—》BETS-2,PET中句型轉(zhuǎn)換。②用作結(jié)果狀語，例：Hehurriedtothehouse,onlytofinditempty.Shelefthome,nevertoreturnagain.Hewassofoolishastoleavehiscarunlocked.考點③用作程度狀語，例：（中考完成句子，KET,BETS-1）Sheisoldenoughtotravelallbyherself.Sheistooyoungtoswimacrossthebigriver.考點④用作原因狀語，例：Wejumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Iamverypleasedtomeetyou.真題回放2018年北京單項選擇23：--Mybrother’sillinhospital.--I’msorry____________that.AhearBhearingCheardDtohearKEYD2018年北京完成句子：很多醫(yī)護人員太忙了，顧不上吃飯。Manydoctorsandnursesare_________________havetheirmeals.KEY:toobusyto2007年重慶單項選擇28：--Linda,I’mverythirsty.--Let’sgotothenearestsupermarket________somedrinks,OK?AbuyBboughtCtobuyDbuyingKEYC⑸用作表語：不定式可以用在連系動詞后作表語。⑹用作定語：①不定式可以像形容詞一樣用來修飾名詞，但是它必須后置。例：Wemustfirstfindsomethingforhimtoeat.（本句中的forhim為不定式toeat的邏輯主語。）Theteacherwillhavesomethingimportanttotellus.如果是不及物動詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動賓關系，要在不定式之后加上適當?shù)慕樵~。如：Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Heisnotamantotalkwith.（本句末尾的介詞with不可遺忘。）清單二、動名詞1．動名詞的形式動名詞的形式由“動詞原形＋ing”構(gòu)成，例如：do→doing,study→studying,close→closing,stop→stopping。注意+ing的不同情況。2．動名詞的用法動名詞或動名詞短語具有名詞的功能，在句中可用作多種名詞性成分。⑴用作主語：跟不定式一樣，動名詞作主語時常位于句末，而在其原來的位置用it作形式主語。謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。例：Sayingsomuchisuseless.Itisuselesssayingsomuch.Swimmingintheseaishisfavoritesport.Itishisfavoritesportswimminginthesea.在大海里游泳是他最喜愛的運動。⑵用作表語：動名詞用作表語表示主語是什么，而不是主語的性質(zhì)或特征如何。例：Mygreatestpleasureistraveling.Oneofhisbadhabitsisbitingnails.他的一個壞習慣是咬手指甲。⑶賓語：考點①用作動詞賓語：英語中常有一些動詞后面跟動名詞作賓語有：enjoy,finish,mind,miss,beworth,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem(in),spend,feellike,keep,stop,suggest,beusedto等?？谠E4（適用高中）：完成實踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）初中?？紗卧~：enjoy,mind,keep,finish,practice等溫馨提示：bebusydoing,beworthdoing例：Sheenjoysgoingtothecinema.Hekeepsmakingthesamemistakes.Isuggestleavingnow.(=…thatweleavenow.)考點②用作介詞賓語：與介詞一起用作狀語等，也可用在部分形容詞后。常用的有beafraidof,begoodat,Howabout/Whatabout…,beinterestedin,thankyoufor…,insteadof,havedifficulty(in)doing,havenotrouble(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,spendmoney/timeindoingsth,注意含有介詞的固定短語：makeacontributionto…或makecontributionsto…為…做貢獻devoteto…獻身，致力于lookforwardto…期盼，盼望prefer…to…兩者間更喜歡beusedtodoingsth.習慣，適應例：Afterfinishingmywork,Itookashortrest.Theydroveintotownwithouttalkingtoeachother.Allthestudentsaresureofpassingtheexamination.真題回放2018年北京中考完成句子63:很抱歉今天不能陪你去購物，明天怎么樣？I’msorryIcan’tgoshoppingwithyoutoday.____________tomorrow?KEYHowabout/Whatabout2018年北京中考完成句子67:我確信什么也無法阻止李雷成為一名作家。I’msure___________________________awriter.KEYnothingcanstopLiLeifrombecoming2005年湖北黃岡：--It’shot.Wouldyoumindmy________thewindow?--____________.Doitasyoulike,please!Atoopen;OKBopening;Certainlynot.Cclosing;OfcourseDopen;GoodideaKEYB⑷用作定語：動名詞作定語時不帶附加成分，通常前置，表示該名詞所表示的事物的用途。如果用“for＋動名詞”，則應后置。例：aswimmingpool=apoolforswimmingateachingbuilding=abuildingforteaching另請比較：theworkingconditions=theconditionsforworking工作條件（動名詞）theworkingpeople=thepeoplewhoareworking勞動人民（現(xiàn)在分詞）清單三、分詞1．分詞的形式分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形＋ing”構(gòu)成（如：ask→asking,study→studying,live→living,stop→stopping）?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語具有形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中可用作多種句子成分。過去分詞的構(gòu)成有兩種：規(guī)則的變化由“動詞原形＋ed”構(gòu)成（如：ask→asked,live→lived,study→studied,stop→stopped），不規(guī)則的變化請參見《不規(guī)則動詞表》。（不規(guī)則動詞變化部分需要學生特別記憶）2．分詞的基本用法⑴用作定語：①現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示所修飾的名詞的特征，或修飾名詞所做的動作。單個的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語必須前置；現(xiàn)在分詞短語則后置?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，相當于一個定語從句，都可以變成一個相應的定語從句?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語所修飾的名詞有主謂關系。例：Heisapromisingyoungman.他是個大有前途的年輕人。IhaveafriendlivinginLondon.(=IhaveafriendwholivesinLondon.)asleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping，therisingsun=thesunthatisrisingHeisayoungmanwithpleasingmanner.Theroomwasfullofpeoplewaitingfortheheadmaster.②過去分詞作定語多表示被動意義和完成意義。動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。其前置和特征與現(xiàn)在分詞相同。過去分詞作定語所修飾的名詞有被動關系或系表關系。例：Heisamanlovedbyall.Ihatetoreadletterswritteninpencil.Weneedmoretrainednurses.Thingsseenfrombehindseemalittledifferent.從背后看到的東西顯得稍有不同。⑵用作表語：分詞用作表語時，已經(jīng)完全形容詞化了，可以被very,rather等副詞修飾，而且可以有比較等級。①現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示主語的特征或和連系動詞連用構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)。例：Thebookisinteresting.Thepresentsituationismoreencouragingthaneverbefore.Thegirliswateringthetrees.現(xiàn)在分詞作表語一般可以譯成“使、令…的”②過去分詞作表語，和連系動詞一起表示主語的狀態(tài)或表示被動語態(tài)（動詞應是及物動詞）。例：Theglassisbroken.Sheisquitepleased.TheglasswasbrokenbyLiHua.請比較：Thiscupisbroken.Howaboutthatone?這只杯子是破的，那只怎么樣？（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Thecupwasbrokenbymybrother.杯子被我弟弟打破了。（被動語態(tài)）考點同類別詞組：interesting---interestedexciting---excitedboring—boredrelaxing—relaxedembarrassing---embarrassedsurprising---surprised⑶用作賓語補足語：考點①現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，表示動作正在進行，動作是賓語發(fā)出的，主動的，多用于使役動詞或感官動詞之后。如：see,watch,hear,feel,smell,notice,find;have,get,leave,keep例：Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ican'tgettheclockgoingagain.Isawhimtalkingwiththedoctor.Hekeptthemachinerunningfortenhours.口訣：吾看三室兩廳一感覺，半幫助打死也不吐。（let,make,help三個單詞除外）易錯點：havesb.dosth.=letsb.dosth.havesb.doingsth.=keepsb.doingsth.請比較：Isawtheoldmancrossingthestreet.我看見那個老人在過街。（表示動作正在進行）Isawtheoldmancrossthestreet.我看見那個老人過街的。（表示動作已發(fā)生過）真題回放2018海南：Iheardsomeone_______thedoorand_______.Aopen;comeinBtoopen;tocomeinCopen;comeintoDtoopen;tocomeinto2018浙江嘉興：--IsJackinthelibrary?--Maybe.Isawhim_____outwithsomebooksjustnow.AgoingBgoCtogoDwentKEYAB②過去分詞作賓補，多表示賓語的狀態(tài)或被動意義。動作是賓語發(fā)不出來的，多用于使役動詞、感官動詞和like,want,wish,order等表示“希望”“要求”等意義的動詞后面。特別注意“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。例：Ihavetohavemyhaircut.Youshouldmakeyourselfunderstoodbyall.Wehaveneverseenthemountaincoveredinsnow.我們從未見那座山被雪覆蓋過。⑷用作狀語：分詞用作狀語，具有多種語義。①現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，多用來表示伴隨、時間、原因、方式等?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語它的邏輯主語是主句的主語。如果分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，并且已經(jīng)完成，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式。例：Theystoodbytheroad,readingbooks.Havingsteppedintothecave,Crusoelitafire.Hearing/Whenhearinganoise,theystoppedtalking.(=Whentheyheard….)聽到喧鬧聲，他們便停止了談話。（時間狀語）Shesattherereadinganewspaper.(=…andreadanewspaper.)她坐在那里看報紙。（伴隨狀況狀語）②過去分詞作狀語與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一樣，可以表示伴隨、時間、原因、方式等。過去分詞作狀語必須注意它表示的動作是該句主語發(fā)不出來的或表示主語的狀態(tài)，但其邏輯上的主語應是主句的主語。例：When(wateris)heated,waterchangesintosteam.Deeplymoved,shecouldn’tsayaword.(=Asshewasdeeplymoved….)她深受感動，一句話也說不出來。（原因狀語）現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，否定式，被動形式：例：Havingworkedamongtheworkersformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertothem.Canyouseethebuildingbeingbuilt?Havingbeenputintoprison,hefelthopeless.▲溫馨提示：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞可采用圖表法進行比較講解:功能例句說明現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞定語Thegirlstandinginfrontoftheclassroomismyroommate.Pleasegivemeyourwrittenexercises.作定語，其邏輯主語為其所修飾的詞。作定語，其邏輯賓語為其所修飾的詞。狀語Theteacherswentoutofthebuilding,talkingandlaughing.Seenfromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語。表語Thesituationisencouraging.Theboyistooexcitedtoutteraword.表示主語的性質(zhì)，特征表示某種狀態(tài)補足語YesterdayJimkeptuswaitingforalongtimeIheardLilysingingintheclassroom.He’llhavehishaircuttomorrow.被補足的賓語或主語是其邏輯主語，即主動關系被補足的賓語或主語是其邏輯賓語，即被動關系重難點解析重難點解析一、現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作賓語之比較①一些動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，這類動詞有：agree,begin,choose,dare,decide,expect,forget,hate,hope,learn,like,love,need,offer,prefer,promise,refuse,remember,start,try,want,wish,wouldlike等，常用的有wouldlike,want,wish,expect,decide,plan,agree,refuse,learn,need?？谠E：想要決定學習，需要同意計劃，希望不要拒絕。想要（wouldlike,want）決定（decide）學習（learn）需要（need）同意（agree）計劃（plan）希望（wish,expect,hope）拒絕（refuse）②常用接動名詞做賓語的動詞：口訣（適用高中）：完成實踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can’thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）初中?？紗卧~：finish,practice,enjoy,mind,keep等溫馨提示：bebusydoing,beworthdoing既可以接動名詞作賓語，又可以接不定式作賓語的動詞。Ⅰ.意思差別不大的動詞如下：begin,start等：在begin,start,hate,like,love,prefer等動詞后，用動名詞或不定式作賓語，意思上幾乎沒有什么區(qū)別。口訣：開始喜歡愛恨交織（begin,start,prefer,like,dislike,love,hate）例：Theteachersaid,“Youbeginwritingnow,”andthechildrenbegantowrite.Willyoustartreading/toread?Soyoupreferliving/toliveabroad?有時，like后接動名詞時，表示經(jīng)常性的愛好；后接不定式時，表示一次性的或獨特的愛好。例：Iliketravelingand,especially,totravelwithfriends.Hedoesn’tlikereading,buthelikestoreadnewspapersinbed.真題：2018浙江：Janesaidshe______sendinge-mails_____letters.Apreferred;towritingBpreferred;towriteCprefers;writingDprefers;towritingKEYAⅡ.意思差別的動詞如下：★forget,remember,regret等：在forget,remember,regret后，用動名詞作賓語表示已做過的事情，用不定式表示要去做的事情。例：Irememberpostingtheletter.（已經(jīng)做過）Remembertoposttheletter.（沒有做）Iwillneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttime.Heforgottodohishomework.★stop,goon等：在stop,goon后，用動名詞作賓語表示“（停止或繼續(xù)）做同一件事”，用不定式表示“（停下來或接下去）做另一件事”。例：Theystoppedtalking.Theystoppedtotalk.Theteacheraskedustogoonreading.Theteacheraskedustogoontoread.★need,want等：在need,want后，用動名詞作賓語具有被動意義，和用被動態(tài)的不定式在意義上一樣。例：Thisroomneedscleaning/tobecleaned.Theoldwatchwantsrepairing/toberepaired.★allow,mean,tryallowdoingsth.允許做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事例：Wedon'tallowsmokinghere.Wedon'tallowstudentstogooutonschooldays.meantodo打算，想meandoing意味著例：Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.Doingthatmeanswastingtime.trytodosth.努力去做某事trydoingsth.試著去做某事例：Pleasetrytodobetternexttime.HetriedspeakingEnglishtome.比較trytodosth.:努力做某事，不一定成功。managetodosth.努力做某事，且成功了。二、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作賓語補足語之比較此類動詞主要有使役動詞（let,make,have），感官動詞（see,watch,hear,notice）①todo做賓語補足語時的動詞常用的有：?？键c：ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.順口溜：讓想要希望，鼓勵說服允許三二二，一一一口訣解釋：三，二，一分別指代動詞的數(shù)量。即：三讓（tell,ask,get）,二想要（wouldlike/love,want）,二希望（wish,expect）,一鼓勵（encourage）一允許（allow）一說服（persuade,高中考點，初中名校校內(nèi)考試）②省略to的不定式做賓語補足語時的動詞常用的如下：吾看（lookat,see,watch,notice,observe)三室（let,make,have)兩廳（hear,listento)一感覺（feel)半幫助打死也不吐(help)注意：?？紗卧~---let,see,hear,make③現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補足語時的動詞常用的如下：口訣：吾看三室兩廳一感覺，半幫助打死也不吐。（let,make,help三個單詞除外）注意havesb.dosth.與havesb.doingsth.的區(qū)別三、現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞做定語之比較①詞性區(qū)分：現(xiàn)在分詞為具有動詞性的形容詞動名詞為具有動詞性的名詞②現(xiàn)在分詞相當于一個含有現(xiàn)在進行時的定語從句的作用動名詞作定語表示被修飾語的功能，性質(zhì)或類別，不可改成定語從句。例如：asleepingchild=achildwhoissleepingasleepingbag=abagforsleeping四、常用不定式或動名詞的句型

(1)It’stimetodosth.=It’stimeforsth.“是做……的時候了”

It’stimetohavesupper.=It’stimeforsupper.該吃晚飯了。

(2)Let’sdosth.

(3)Ittakessb.sometime(money)todosth.“某人花費多少時間(金錢)做某事”

Ittookmehalfanhourtodotheproblem.我花了半小時做這個題目。

(4)be+形容詞+enough+todosth.“足夠……做某事”

Thegirlisoldenoughtogotoschool.那小姑娘已夠上學年齡。

(5)be+too+形容詞+todosth.“太……不能做某事”

Theboywastoofrightenedtomove.那孩子太害怕，不敢動一動。

(6)beready+todosth.“樂意做某事”=bereadyforsth.

LeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.雷鋒總是樂于助人。

(7)It’s+形容詞+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.

It’simportantforthetwinstohelpeachother.孿生子互相幫助是很重要的。(8)beafraidtodosth.“不敢做某事”=beafraidofdoingsth.

Heisafraidtotellhisfatheraboutit.他不敢告訴他父親。

(9)prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.表示“寧愿……也不愿……”

Iprefertostayathomeratherthangoout.我寧愿呆在家里也不愿出去。

(10)wouldliketodosth.與wouldlovetodosth.常用于口語中，表示“喜歡……”

I’dliketohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。Iwouldlovetogo.我想去。

(11)hadbetter+不帶to的不定式表示“最好……”

You’dbetterputonyourcoat.It’sverycoldoutside.你最好穿上大衣。外面很冷。

You’dbetternotgo.你最好不要去。

(12)Will/Could/Wouldyouplease+不帶to的不定式，表示請求。

Willyoupleaseaskhertocometotheteacher’soffice?請你叫她到老師辦公室去一下好嗎？(13)Whynotdosth.?(14)Howabout/Whatabout…?Step3易混點匯總動詞不定式的否定形式：not(to)do疑問詞+todo作賓語時，whattodo與howtodoit的區(qū)分havesb.dosth.與havesb.doingsth.的區(qū)分動詞接動名詞與不定式作賓語時的區(qū)分see/hear/watch/notice/observe+sb.+do/doingsth.的區(qū)分真題回放真題回放一．18年真題（）1.—Wouldyoupleasetellme________next?—Thinkitover.You’llfindagoodway.(2018沈陽)A.whentodoB.howtodoC.whattodoD.wheretodo

（）2.Hisparentsoftenencouragehim________hard.(2018陜西)

A.workB.workingC.toworkD.works

（）3.—John,mycomputerdoesn’twork.

—WhynotaskMrLiu________it?(2018福州)

A.tobuyB.nottobutC.tocheckD.nottocheck

（）4.—What’syourplanforthesummerholidays?

—I’venoidea,butI’vedecided________athomeandhaveagoodrestfirst.(2018重慶)

A.stayB.tostayC.stayedD.staying

（）5.Wearegoingforapicnictomorrow.I’llcallWendytomakesure________.(2018河北)

A.whytostartB.whentostartC.whattostartD.whichtostart

（）6.—Mybrother’sillinhospital.—I’msorry________that.(2018北京)

A.hearB.hearingC.heardD.tohear

（）7.Couldyoutellmeiftheplanincludes________theSummerPalace?(2018無錫)

A.thevisitB.visitingC.forustovisitD.forourvisiting

（）8.Lastweekourgeographyteachertoldus_____moreinformationabouthowtoprotecttheenvironment.(2018南京)

A.getB.gotC.togetD.getting

（）9.Allthehatslookbeautiful.Idon’tknow________.(2018成都)

A.howtochooseB.wheretochooseC.whichonetochoose

（）10.LastweekImetmyoldfriendLiMingbutIforgot________himforhistelephonenumber.(2018天津)

A.askB.askingC.andaskD.toask

（）11.Mymotherasksme________TVbeforefinishingmyhomework.(2018長沙)

A.nottowatchB.notwatchC.notwatching

（）12.TheShuteshaven’tdecided________togothereforafieldtripthisweekend.(2018山東)

A.howB.whyC.whereD.what

（）13.Tellhim________tomorrow,OK?(2018吉林)

A.comeB.tocomeC.comesD.iscoming

（）14.Theyoungsoldierreallydoesn’tknow________tostopthebabyfromcryinghard.(2018濰坊)

A.whattodoB.howtodoC.whentodoD.weretodo

（）15.—Howdoyoufeelwhenyouwatchthenationalflaggoup?

—Itmakesme________veryproud.(2018黃岡)

A.feltB.tofeelC.feelingD.feel二．2018年真題()1.（2018·甘肅蘭州）Whynot________yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish________itbyyourself?A.ask,writeB.toask,writingC.ask,writingD.asking,write()2.（2018·廣州）---Hi,Tom!CanyoutellmewhenforLondon?---Yes,tomorrowafternoon.A.leavingB.leaves C.toleaveD.areyouleaving()3.（2018·山東淄博）---MayIlistentothemusichere,Mr.White?---Sorry,you’dbetteritlikethat.A.nottodo B.notdo C.don’tdo D.notdoto()4.（2018·河北）Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething______theold.A.servedB.toserveC.serveD.serves()5.（2018·山東威海）Thefruitsaladtastesdelicious.Couldyoutellme______?A.wheretodoit B.whentodoitC.whattodo D.howtodoit()6.（2018·四川成都）Peterisbusy____atschool,butheneverforgets______exerciseeveryday.A.working,doingB.working,todoC.atwork,doing()7.（2018·江西）---Whydidyoubuyaradio?---______English.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Belearning()8.（2018·江蘇南京）---DoyouknowNeilArmstrong?---Yes,Heisthefirstman______onthemoon.A.walkB.walksC.towalkD.walked()9.（2018·河南）---Haveyoumadeupyourmind__thesickkids?---Bysingingsongs.A.whattotell B.howtocheerupC.whentohelp D.wheretolookafter()10.（2018·江蘇宿遷）Thedoctordidwhathecould_________thedyingman.A.saveB.tosaveC.savedD.saving()11.（2018·江蘇宿遷）Theglobalfinancialcrisis(金融危機)hasmademanypeople_____theirmoney.A.tocareforB.tookcareofC.becarefulwithD.tobecaredabout()12.（2018·江蘇宿遷）---Mum,canIhavesomething________?---Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereis________inthekitchen.A.todrink;nothingelseB.drinking;somethingelseC.toeat;somethingelseD.eating;nothingelse()13.（2018·湖北孝感）Wemustdoeverythingwecan_________wastewaterfromrunningintorivers.A.keep

B.kept

C.tokeep

D.keeping()14.（2018·山西）Myroommateoftenasksme______hertoplaychess.A.teachB.teachingC.toteach()15.（2018·江蘇無錫）He’llusewhathehas______heranewdress.A.boughtB.tobuyC.buyingD.beenbought()16.（2018·江蘇無錫）XiaoLisaidshewouldrather______joinus.A.didnotB.tonotC.notD.notto()17.（2018·江蘇無錫）Theoldladydidn’tknow______whenthehousecaughtfire.A.howtodoB.howtodoitC.whattodoD.whattodoit()18.（2018.北京）TheteacheraskedBen______adifficultquestioninclass.A.answerB.answering

C.toanswer

D.answered()19.（2018.安徽）Everyoneshouldknow______tosavethemselveswhenafirebreaksout.A.whetherB.what

C.when

D.how()20.（2018.福建漳州）---WhatshouldwedotofightA/H1N1flu?---Weshouldwashhandsoften,avoid______tocrowdedplacesandsoon.A.goB.going

C.gone

D.togo()21.（2018·吉林通化）Thewomanmadehisson______finallyaftershetoldhimsomejokes.A.laughed B.tolaugh C.laugh D.laughing()22.（2018·遼寧錦州）WhenwepracticespeakingEnglish,weoftenendup________inChinese.A.tospeakBspeakingC.spokenD.speak()23.（2018·遼寧錦州）TherearesomanykindsofMP5intheshop.Wecan’tdecide________.A.whattobuy B.tobuywhatC.whichtobuy D.tobuywhich()24.（2018·深圳）---Howabout_______intheriverwithus?---SorryIcan’t．Myparentsoftentellme_________that．A.swim,don’tdo

B.swim,todoC.swimming,notdo

D.swimming,nottodo()25.（2018·揚州）---___________moreabouttomorrow’sweather,call121.---OK,Iwill.Thankyou.A.Know B.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known()26.（2018·湖南長沙）---Don’tforget______myparentswhenyouareinBeijing.---OK!Iwon’t.A.toseeB.seesC.seeing()27.（2018·貴州安順）Ifthequestion______incorrectly,______questionwillbegiventoyou.A.isanswered,otherB.answer,otherC.isanswered,anotherD.answer,another()28.（2018·貴州安順）---Myfootballsocksare______out.---Howlonghaveyou_______them?A.worn,bought B.wearing,hadC.wearing,bought D.worn,had隨堂鞏固隨堂鞏固一.單項選擇()1.Theteachertoldthestudents______inclass.A.nottalkB.don’ttalkC.didn’ttalkD.nottotalk()2.“Mr.Zhang,you’dbetter______toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,”saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat()3.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered()4.Mymotheroftenasksme______early.A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup()5.“Don’talwaysmakeMichael______thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear.”Mr.Bushsaidtohiswife.A.doB.todoC.doesD.did()6.Theyoungladywatchedherdaughter______ayo-yoyesterdayafternoon.A.toplaywithB.playingwithC.to[playD.plays()7.Wearetold______everywhere.It’sourdutytokeepourschoolcleanandtidy.A.nottomakemuchnoiseB.tothrowwastepaperC.to