海工建造規(guī)范培訓(xùn)DNV建造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)C401中文版

DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingof

OffshoreStructures”DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresThisiswhat’sallabout15/05/20242VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresCoursePurpose.

培訓(xùn)目的TogiveabriefoverviewofDNVoffshorestandards.介紹DNV海工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)TogivebasicknowledgeoffabricationstandardOSC-401介紹海工建造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)OSC-401的基礎(chǔ)知識15/05/20243VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresDNV’sROLEINOFFSHORECLASSIFICATIONDETNORSKEVERITAS(DNV)isanautonomousandindependentfoundationwiththeobjectivesofsafeguardinglife,propertyandtheenvironment,atseaandonshore.DETNORSKEVERITAS(簡稱DNV)是一家獨立的公司。致力于在海上或海岸上保護工作人員的生命，公共財產(chǎn)及設(shè)備的安全和對環(huán)境進行保護。DNVundertakesclassification,certification,andotherverificationandconsultancyservicesrelatingtoqualityofships,offshoreunitsandinstallations,andonshoreindustriesworldwide,andcarriesoutresearchinrelationtothesefunctions.DNV提供在下列領(lǐng)域內(nèi)為客戶提供分級、驗證、認(rèn)證和咨詢服務(wù)：造船、海工部件和安裝、海岸工程以及在這些相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)研究。15/05/20244VersionOffshoreStandards

海工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括：DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”A:QualityandSafetyMethodology

質(zhì)量和安全控制方法B:MaterialsTechnology材料技術(shù)C:Structures結(jié)構(gòu)D:Systems系統(tǒng)E:SpecialFacilities特殊設(shè)備F:PipelinesandRisers安裝管道和豎管ABCDEF15/05/20245VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresOffshoreStandards.海工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ProvidetechnicalprovisionsandacceptancecriteriaforgeneralusebytheoffshoreindustryaswellasthetechnicalbasisforDNVoffshoreservices.海工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為海工建造提供技術(shù)條款和可接受的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)15/05/20246VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresRecommendedPractices.

ProvideproventechnologyandsoundengineeringpracticeaswellasguidanceforthehigherlevelOffshoreServiceSpecificationsandOffshoreStandards.提供技術(shù)和錄音實例以及提供高水平的海工服務(wù)規(guī)格和海工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指南。15/05/20247VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructuresDNVOffshoreCodesareofferedwithinthefollowingareas:A)Qualification,QualityandSafetyMethodology

資格、品質(zhì)和安全控制方法B)MaterialsTechnology

材料技術(shù)C)Structures

結(jié)構(gòu)D)Systems

系統(tǒng)E)SpecialFacilities特殊設(shè)備F)PipelinesandRisers

安裝管道和豎管G)AssetOperation

資產(chǎn)管理H)MarineOperations

海工運營15/05/20248VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”DifferenceShipRulesversusOffshorerules船舶規(guī)范與海工規(guī)范不同的原因RulesforOffshoreprojectsareinsomeareasquitedifferentfromthetraditionalShipRules,duetolongtimeonlocationwithnoorlimitedpossibilitiesleavethelocation.(>20–25yearsservicetime)海工產(chǎn)品必須在海上持續(xù)工作20－25年船舶可以進塢進行檢驗（中間檢驗、特檢）15/05/20249VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Someimportantaspects:幾個重要方面Structuralintegrityandstrength(Loadsbasedonenvironmentalconditionsonactuallocation)結(jié)構(gòu)形式和強度（載荷根據(jù)工作地點的實際環(huán)境）AccidentalloadstobeincludedinDesignLoads(DAL)設(shè)計載荷還考慮到可能受到的意外載荷Fatigue(attentiontodetails)疲勞問題Maintenance保養(yǎng)維修Corrosionprotection防腐Inserviceinspection(Accessetc.shouldbeplannedandprovidedduringnewbuildingphase)使用過程中的檢驗IncreasedreliabilityofMarinesystems,utilitysystemsandequipment.提高各種系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備、設(shè)施的可靠性Safetysystems(Fire,explosion,abandoninstallationetc.)防火、防爆、逃生等安全系統(tǒng)Shelfstaterequirementstoaccommodationandworkingenvironment當(dāng)?shù)氐木幼『凸ぷ鳝h(huán)境要求15/05/202410VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”DNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”DNV-OS-C401海工結(jié)構(gòu)建造和試驗CH.1INTRODUCTION介紹CH.2TECHNICALPROVISIONS技術(shù)條款CH.3CERTIFICATIONANDCLASSIFICATION驗證與入級15/05/202411VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

CH.1INTRODUCTIONA200Objective201Theobjectivesofthisstandardareto:Provideaninternationallyacceptablestandardtoensurethequalityofallweldingoperationsusedinoffshorefabrication,throughidentifyingappropriateweldingprocedures,welderqualificationsandtestmethods.提供國際認(rèn)可的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過對焊接程序、焊工資格和測試方法的認(rèn)證來保障海工焊接質(zhì)量Serveasatechnicalreferencedocumentincontractualmattersbetweenpurchaserandcontractor.為買方和承包人就合同問題提供技術(shù)參考文件Serveasguidelinefordesigner,purchaserandcontractor為設(shè)計者、買方和承包商提供指導(dǎo)SpecifyminimumrequirementsforweldingoperationssubjecttoDNVcertificationandclassification.將焊接工作的要求最細(xì)化，使其符合DNV的認(rèn)證和分級要求15/05/202412VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Chapter2Technicalprovisions第二章：技術(shù)條款Sec.1WeldingProceduresandQualificationofWelders

焊接工藝和焊工取證Sec.2FabricationandTolerances建造與公差Sec.3Non-DestructiveTesting無損探傷Sec.4OtherTests其它試驗Sec.5CorrosionProtectionSystems防腐系統(tǒng)Sec.6Miscellaneous其它

15/05/202413VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

Sec.1WeldingProceduresandQualificationofWelders焊接工藝與焊工取證Weldingprocedures焊接工藝Pre-WeldingProcedureSpecificationtobepreparedandacceptedbypurchaser.焊接預(yù)試驗工藝必須得到船東認(rèn)可WPQTtobebasedonacceptedPre-WPS按照焊接預(yù)試驗工藝進行焊接工藝認(rèn)可試驗WPSmaybebasedonpurchaseracceptedWPQTandinconformancewithanagreedqualificationscheme.焊接工藝建立在焊接工藝認(rèn)可實驗及其質(zhì)量控制方案WPSshallreflectconditionsandequipmentusedfortheactualproductionwelding.焊接工藝須反映實際工作所使用的設(shè)備和相關(guān)條件WPSshallreflecttheworkingenvironmentfortheworkshoporsitewheretheproductionweldingwillbeperformed.焊接工藝須反映實際工作場所的工作環(huán)境SpecificrequirementstoWPQTforC-MnsteelsarefoundinOS-C401Ch.2,Sec.1,C.關(guān)于C-Mn系鋼的焊接工藝與焊工資格的具體要求，詳見OS-C401Ch.2,Sec.1,C.15/05/202414VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”AWPScanbeestablishedbyoneofthefollowingmethods:編制焊接工藝說明書的方法：Performingofweldingproceduretest(WPQT)andsubsequentreviewoftheweldingprocedurequalificationrecords(WPQR)進行焊接工藝評定試驗，并對相關(guān)記錄進行評定Reviewofpreviouslyqualifiedweldingprocedurestests(WPQT)whichhasbeenwitnessedbyapartyrecognizedbythepurchaser對其它船級社或其它組織認(rèn)可的焊接工藝評定記錄進行評定ReviewofWPS評定焊接工藝說明書Reviewandverificationofdocumentationshowingsuccessfulapplicationofweldingproceduresoveraprolongedperiodoftime.對經(jīng)過長期使用后被認(rèn)為是成功的焊接工藝進行評定、驗證15/05/202415VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

Weldersqualification焊工的評定Welderswhoareweldinginmanualorpartlymechanizedweldingprocessesshallbequalifiedinaccordancewitharecognizedstandard(E.g.EN287,ISO9609,ASMEIXorANSI/AWSD1.1)手工焊和半自動焊焊工須得到相關(guān)組織的認(rèn)可Weldersusingfullymechanizedweldingorautomaticweldingprocesses,needgenerallynotpassaqualificationtest,butshallreceiveadequatetrainingforsettingandoperationofequipment.自動焊的操作人員無需進行專門的考試，但需要通過專門的培訓(xùn)來學(xué)會設(shè)置和操作設(shè)備15/05/202416VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”

Sec.2.Fabricationandtolerances.第二章建造與許可公差FabricationPlanning建造方案Asaprerequisiteforfabrication,procedures,inspectionandtestplansandworkinstructionsforexecutionandcontroloffabricationactivitiesshallbeestablished.工藝方案、檢驗和試驗方案是執(zhí)行和控制建造的先決條件ContractorsinvolvedinfabricationofstructuralmembersshallhaveadocumentedandimplementedqualitysystemaccordingtoISO9001orequivalent.承包商應(yīng)該具有完善的質(zhì)量體系Workmanshipshallbeinaccordancewithwrittenproceduresacceptedbythepurchaser.必須按照船東認(rèn)可的工藝進行施工Allworkshallbeexecutedwithadequatecontrolbythecontractor.Repairworkshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithwrittenproceduresacceptedbythepurchaser.所有施工過程必須有嚴(yán)格的控制，修補工作也必須按照認(rèn)可的工藝進行15/05/202417VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Faultsanddeficienciesshallbecorrectedbeforepaintingorothermeansofpermanentcovershavebeenapplied.所有錯誤和缺陷必須在油漆和其它東西覆蓋前得到修復(fù)PriortocommencementoftheworkthecontractorshallsubmitaplanforNDT,NDTproceduresanddocumentsforNDTinspectors’certificationforacceptancebythepurchaser.Theprogrammeshallcontaininformationanddocumentsforplanning,controlling,reportingetc.AcceptancecriteriaforNDTshallbeacceptedbythepurchaseriftheyarenotspecifiedinrelevantdocuments.開工前承包商需要提供無損探傷方案，方案應(yīng)包括整個過程控制和驗收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。整個方案應(yīng)包括計劃、控制和匯報等方面的信息和文件。如果沒有特別的要求，承包商需接受NDT的驗收標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。15/05/202418VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Inspection.檢驗Tobecarriedoutinaccordancewithacceptedinspectionandtestplanscovering:檢驗要按照檢驗和試驗方案進行，應(yīng)包括：correctidentificationanddocumentationanduseofmaterials材料跟蹤qualificationandacceptanceoffabricationproceduresandpersonnel評定施工人員資質(zhì)和建造方案inspectionofpreparatorywork(assembly,fit-upformwork,reinforcementetc.)檢驗成型、裝配、加強等準(zhǔn)備工作weldinginspection焊接的檢驗inspectionoffabricationworkforcompliancewithspecificationsandprocedures確認(rèn)施工人員資質(zhì)以及是否按工藝施工witnessingNDT,controlandtesting跟蹤無損探傷和其它試驗inspectionofrepairs修補工作的檢驗15/05/202419VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”inspectionofcorrosionprotectionsystems防腐系統(tǒng)的檢驗ensurefunctionalityofexaminationortestingequipmentandofrecordingand/ormeasuringdevicesvitalforcorrectfunctioningofequipmentandmachineryusedinfabrication.確保檢驗設(shè)備的可靠性Dueconsiderationshallbegiventotheaccessandthetimerequiredforadequateinspectionduringfabrication.確保留有足夠的檢驗時間和通道Highnon-conformanceratesinexecutionoftheworkorintheproductitselfshallcallforspecialconsiderations.Suchspecialconsiderationsmayinclude,butnotbelimitedto,increasedinspection,re-qualificationofpersonnelorotheragreedremedialactions.在建造過程中不按規(guī)定施工人次較多，或產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量問題較多的情況下，需要采取增加檢驗、對施工人員重新評定以及其它彌補措施NOTE!!注意??！Inspectorsshallbequalifiedaccordingtoarecognizedschemeandshallbeabletoprovidedocumentationofproficiency.檢驗人員需要經(jīng)過專門培訓(xùn)并得到認(rèn)可15/05/202420VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”MaterialIdentification,CuttingandForming材料識別，切割和成型Materialidentification材料識別Atraceabilitysystemthatensurescorrectinstallationanddocumentationofthematerialgradesorstrengthclassesshallbeestablishedbythecontractorthroughouttheprefabricationandinstallationprocess.建立材料跟蹤系統(tǒng)確保正確使用材料，記錄材料：材質(zhì)、等級Propercareshallbeexercisedduringhandlingandstoragetopreserveidentificationofsuchmaterial.材料識別和跟蹤應(yīng)貫穿下料、運輸、儲存等全過程15/05/202421VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Cuttingandforming.Theeffectofworkhardeningshallbeconsideredifshearingisusedforcuttingofmaterial.Specialattentionshallbepaidtotheriskofcrackededges.材料剪切后邊緣會產(chǎn)生硬化和裂紋，要特別注意Attentionshallbepaidtoexcessivelocalhardeningandcarboncontaminationsbythermalcutting.Thismaybereducedbysuitableheattreatmentorremovedbymechanicalmeans.通過熱工切割可能產(chǎn)生的局部硬化和滲碳，可以通過熱處理和機械方法消除Formingandstraighteningofmaterialsshallbeperformedaccordingtoagreedprocedures.Suchworkshallbecontrolledbythecontractor.成型和校平工藝需要得到認(rèn)可，并得到有效控制Thedegreeofcolddeformationofspecialandprimarystructuralelementsshallbelessthan5%.Ifthedeformationexceeds5%,eitherheattreatmentorstrainageingtestsshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoanagreedprocedure.主體結(jié)構(gòu)和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的冷變形大于5％時，要通過認(rèn)可的熱處理方法校正15/05/202422VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Tolerances公差A(yù)llowablefabricationtolerancesshallbesubmittedtothepurchaserforacceptance.規(guī)定公差需得到船東認(rèn)可Specialconsiderationsshallbegiveninprovidingproperalignmentofstructuralmembers.Allowablefabricationtolerancesshallbeestablishedonbasisofdueconsiderationtothecriticalityofthedesign.特別要注意結(jié)構(gòu)對中問題ThemaximumfabricationtolerancesmaygenerallybetakenincompliancewithIACSShipbuildingandRepairQualityStandardPartASec.6andSec.7.建造工程可參照國際船級社的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PartASec.6andSec.7NOTE!!注意StraightnessofmemberswhicharebasedonbucklingcalculationsaccordingtoDNV-RP-C201and/orDNV-RPC202shallbewithinthetolerancesgiveninTableE3.結(jié)構(gòu)的直線度參照DNV-RP-C201and/orDNV-RPC202的E3表格106Alignmentsofthenon-continuousplatesincruciformjointsandbuttweldsshallbewithinthetolerancesgiveninFig.1,TableE1andTableE2.非連續(xù)構(gòu)件的對中參照以下E1（非連續(xù)）,E2（連續(xù)對接）表格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)15/05/202423VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”表E1表示十字接頭，依次分別為：特殊結(jié)構(gòu)、重要結(jié)構(gòu)和次要結(jié)構(gòu)的錯位表E2表示對接接頭，依次分別為：特殊結(jié)構(gòu)、重要結(jié)構(gòu)和次要結(jié)構(gòu)的錯位15/05/202424VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”15/05/202425VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Assembly,Welding,HeattreatmentandRepairsAssemblyandWelding.裝配和電焊Assemblyandweldingoperationsshallbecarriedoutbyqualifiedpersonnelandsupervision.裝配工和電焊工都必須持證Afabricationsequenceshallbeestablishedtoensurethatthestructurecanbeassembledinamannerwhichallowsforeffectivecontrolatallstagesofwork.為了對整個工程進行有效控制，必須編制建造次序Fit-up,preparationforweldingandweldingoperationsshalltakeplaceinaccordancewithproceduresacceptedbythepurchaser.裝配、焊前準(zhǔn)備工作、焊接都必須按認(rèn)可的工藝進行Theweldingsequenceshallbesuchthattheamountofshrinkage,distortionsandresidualstressesareminimized.焊接順序要有利于焊接變形和殘余應(yīng)力的最小化15/05/202426VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Thefit-upshallbecheckedfordimensionalaccuracybeforewelding.Surfacestobeweldedshallbefreefrommillscale,slag,rust,grease,paintetc.Edgesaretohaveasmoothanduniformsurface.Noweldingshallbeperformedwhenthesurfacesaredamp.Suitableprotectionshallbearrangedwhenweldingisperformedduringinclementweatherconditions.Thegrooveshallbedryatthetimeofwelding.焊接前必須檢驗裝配的準(zhǔn)確性。焊接區(qū)域必須清除氧化皮、熔渣、鐵銹、油漬、油漆等。板縫必須保證平直。嚴(yán)禁在潮濕的板縫上焊接，焊縫必須保持干燥。天氣惡劣的情況下，焊接前要采取適當(dāng)?shù)姆雷o措施。Preheatingshallpreferablybeperformedwithelectricheatingelements.Gasburnersmaybeusedundercontrolledconditions.Cuttingtorchesshouldnotbeused.當(dāng)板縫需要加熱時，最好使用電加熱。烘槍的使用必須在嚴(yán)格控制下進行。嚴(yán)禁使用割刀加熱。Forweldsofstructuralcategoryspecial,primaryandbutt-weldsinsecondarystructuralelementsaWPSshallbeestablishedforacceptancebythepurchaser.主體結(jié)構(gòu)、重要結(jié)構(gòu)焊接的焊接工藝以及次要構(gòu)件的對接縫的焊接工藝必須得到船東的認(rèn)可。15/05/202427VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Guidancenote:Theweldconnectionbetweentwocomponentsshallbeassignedthestructuralcategoryareaequaltothehighercategoryofthejoinedcomponents.Forstiffenedplatesnotclassifiedasstructuralcategoryspecial,theweldconnectionbetweenstiffenerandstringerandgirderwebtoplatemaynormallybeassignedstructuralcategorysecondary.兩個構(gòu)件焊接時，按照較高等級的材料的焊接要求進行。非重要構(gòu)件的扶強材的焊接、平臺扶強材的焊接、桁材扶強材的焊接、扶強材之間的焊接都可以按照次要構(gòu)件的焊接要求進行。Tackweldingshall,whenintegratedinproductionwelding,bequalified.Forweldsspecifiedin112aWPSshallbesubmittedtothepurchaserforacceptance.定位焊作為結(jié)構(gòu)焊的一部分時，點焊工或焊工必須持證。對于112項規(guī)定的焊接，焊接工藝需要得到船東的認(rèn)可。Allfabricationweldingshallbeperformedwithinthelimitsofessentialvariablesofthequalifiedweldingprocedure.Thisalsoincludestackwelding,sealwelding,weldingofliftinglugsandattachmentweldsaswellasrepairwelding.所有的焊接都不能超過認(rèn)可的焊接工藝范圍。這包括：定位焊、蓋面、吊耳和其它附件的焊接以及電焊修補工作。15/05/202428VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Whenresumingweldingonpartiallyfilledjointsinspecialareas,preheatingshallbeperformedandthetemperaturewithinthespecifiedtolerances,shallifnototherwiseagreed,beequaltotheinterpasstemperaturefortheweldingpassinquestion.在多道焊焊縫未一次性焊完的情況下，繼續(xù)施焊前需要按要求對焊縫進行加熱。加熱溫度要符合規(guī)定要求或等同于同類焊縫的層間溫度。Groovesproducedbygougingshallbefollowedbygrindingremovingcarbonizedmaterialandthegrooveshallbedressedtoashapeconsistentwithtolerancesinagreementwiththepurchaser.碳刨坡口要用打磨的方法去除滲碳層，坡口成型的公差范圍也要得到船東的認(rèn)可。Weldingconsumablesshallbeclassifiedwithrespecttostrength,applicationareaandhydrogenlevelaccordingtorecognizedscheme.焊材的使用要按照規(guī)范，符合強度、焊接位置的要求，氫含量也要符合相應(yīng)的要求。15/05/202429VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Recyclingoffluxesforsubmerged-arcweldingshallbeperformedinamannerthatensuresamixtureofnewandusedfluxwithcontinuallyhomogenousproperties.焊劑的回收利用以及新老焊接的混合使用要保證焊劑的純度。Weldsshallbeterminatedinamannerthatwillensuresoundweldswithoutend-craters.Extensionbarsandrun-offplatesshallberemoveduponcompletionandcoolingoftheweld.Theendoftheweldshallbemadesmoothandflushwiththeedgesofabuttingparts.起弧和息弧分別要使用，確保兩端沒有弧坑，引弧板和息弧板在焊縫冷卻后去除。端頭電焊要光順，與板邊保持平直。121Grindingofweldswiththeintentionofincreasingthefatiguelifeand/orreducingtheprobabilityofbrittlefractureshallbecarriedoutaccordingtoagreedspecifications.用打磨的方法來提高焊縫的疲勞壽命或者消除裂紋要符合規(guī)范。15/05/202430VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Storageandhandlingofweldingconsumablesshallbeinaccordancewiththemanufacturer'srecommendations,andinaccordancewithproceduresgivingdetailsregardingconditionsinstoragerooms,temperatureinstorageovensandquivers,lengthofexposureandconditions,asapplicable.焊材的使用和保存都要得到船東認(rèn)可，包括：儲存室的條件、烘箱、焊條筒的溫度等。Weldingproductiontestsshallbemadeduringfabricationofweldsinspecialareasandinprimarystructuralelementstoverifythattheproducedweldsareofacceptablequality.Minimumonetestcouponisrequiredfromeachappliedweldingprocess.主體結(jié)構(gòu)和重要結(jié)構(gòu)的焊接要通過同等環(huán)境下的試驗來驗證其可靠性，每種結(jié)構(gòu)至少做一個試驗。Importantweldingoperationsshallbecarriedoutunderdailysupervisionofaninspector,whohastheexperienceandqualifications,whichenablehimtojudgethistypeofwork.Theworkofeachweldershallberegularlyexamined.重要結(jié)構(gòu)焊接要有合格的人員監(jiān)控。所有焊工都要接受定期檢查。Theweldingshopandcontractorsshallkeepacardindexorregisterofallapprovedwelders,withallrelevantinformationregardingqualificationtests,basemetal,consumables,weldpositions,jointdesignetc.每個車間和分包商都要建立焊工目錄，目錄要包含：焊工通過的試驗以及相應(yīng)的焊材、焊接方位、接頭形式等信息。15/05/202431VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Repairs.修補Repairsshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithqualifiedrepairproceduressubjecttoagreement.修補必須按認(rèn)可的工藝進行。GuidancetorepairworkmaybefoundinIACSShipbuildingandrepairQualityStandard,PartASec.9andPartB.修補工作可以參考IACS的PartASec.9andPartBMembersdistortedbyweldingmaybestraightenedbymechanicalmeansorbycarefullysupervisedapplicationofalimitedamountoflocalizedheat.Theapplicationofheatormechanicalforceshallbeinaccordancewithawrittenprocedure.焊接變形的機械校正或局部火工校正必須在嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)控下按工藝進行。Defectsinweldsmayberectifiedbygrinding,machiningorwelding.Weldsofinsufficientstrength,ductilityornotchtoughnessshallbecompletelyremovedpriortorepair.焊接缺陷可以通過打磨、機械加工或者電焊進行修補。當(dāng)焊縫沒有足夠的強度、延伸性或缺口韌性時，整個焊縫需要清除，進行重新焊接。Themechanicalpropertiesofrepairweldshallsatisfytheminimumspecifiedpropertiesofthesteelinquestion.電焊的修補要確保結(jié)構(gòu)的機械性能。15/05/202432VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Repairweldinginthesameareamaybecarriedouttwice.Furtherrepairsshallbeevaluatedineachindividualcase.同一處電焊修補只能修補或返工兩次，之后每一次修補前都必須進行評估確認(rèn)。Wheneveradefectisremoved,thegougedandgroundareashallbeexaminedbymagneticparticletestingorothersuitablemethodstoverifycompleteremoval用碳刨或打磨清除缺陷后，要用磁粉探傷來確認(rèn)缺陷已完全清除。Thepreheatingandworkingtemperatureshallwhenmakingshallowandlocalrepairsinspecialandprimarystructuralelementsberaised50oCabovethelevelspecifiedforproductionweldingandbeatleast100oCunlessotherwiseagreed.主要構(gòu)件和重要構(gòu)件在修補前需要預(yù)熱，預(yù)熱溫度要高于規(guī)定焊前溫度50度，至少要達到100度。Forplanardefectstherepairlengthoneithersideofthedefectshallbe50mmlongerthanthesizeofthedefectasconfirmedbyNDT對無損探傷發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷進行修補時，返工的長度要確保兩頭都要超過缺陷長度50MM。Toensuresoundrepairwelds,thesinglerepairlengthshallnotbeshorterthan50mm.任何地方的焊縫修補長度都必須大于50MM。15/05/202433VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Minordiscontinuitiesmayberemovedbygrindingormachining,makingasmoothtransitionintothesurroundingmaterial.Thethicknessshallnotbereducedtolessthan93%ofthenominalthicknessbutinnocasebymorethan3mm.Theextentofsuchrepairshallbeagreedupon.部分小的缺陷可以通過打磨和機械加工來清除，清除區(qū)域要保持過渡光順。打磨和機械加工后板厚不得低于原板厚的93%，減小的厚度不得大于3MM。超過這個范圍必須得到船東、船檢的認(rèn)可。Allrepairsshallbere-inspectedwiththesameNDTmethodstothesameorincreasedextentasnecessary.缺陷修補后需要用相同的無損探傷方法進行重新檢驗。再次探傷的范圍要大于前次探傷的范圍。15/05/202434VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Non-DestructiveTesting.無損探傷GeneralPriortocommencementoffabricationthecontractorshallsubmitaplanforNDT,NDTproceduresanddocumentsforNDTinspectors’certificationforacceptancebythepurchaser.Theprogramshallcontaininformationanddocumentsforplanning,controllingandreporting.開工前，廠方需要提交無損探傷的范圍和方法，人員資質(zhì)要得到船東認(rèn)可。TheinspectioncategoriesshallbedefinedinaccordancewithDNV-OS-C101Sec.4orDNV-OS-C201Sec4andshallbespecifiedinrelevantdesigndrawings.檢驗范圍要符合DNV-OS-C101Sec.4或DNV-OS-C201Sec4的規(guī)定。WeldsshallbesubjecttoNDTinprogresswithfabrication.Theresultsoftheseactivitiesshallbeconsecutivelyreportedtothepurchaser.建造過程中的無損探傷結(jié)果須及時提交船東。15/05/202435VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”MethodsofNDTshallbechosenwithdueregardtotheconditionsincludingthesensitivityofthemethodandthemethod’sabilitytodetectdefectslikelytooccurasaconsequenceofthechosenweldingprocess.針對不同的焊接程序應(yīng)該采用不同的無損探傷形式，確保探傷的準(zhǔn)確性。FinalinspectionandNDTofstructuralsteelweldsshallnotbecarriedoutbefore48hoursaftercompletion,exceptwherePWHT（POST-WELDHEATTREATMENT）isrequired.ThetimedelaymayuponagreementbereducedforNV36gradesorlowerandforNV420gradesorlowerforplatethicknesseslessthan40mm,ifconsistentlowfailurerateofdelayedcrackinghasbeendocumentedforthematerialsandweldingconsumablesinquestion.除經(jīng)過熱處理的結(jié)構(gòu)外，其它焊縫的檢驗和無損探傷應(yīng)在焊接完成48小時后進行。對于級別低于NV36（包括NV36）和板厚小于40MM的NV42的材料焊接，如果連續(xù)的記錄表明產(chǎn)生延遲裂紋的概率很低，則經(jīng)過船東、船檢同意，檢驗和無損探傷的開始時間可以少于48小時。15/05/202436VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Whenheattreatmentisperformed,thefinalNDTshallbecarriedoutwhenallheattreatmentshavebeencompleted.

如果需要進行熱處理，無損探傷應(yīng)該安排在所有熱處理完成后進行。Allweldsshallbe100%visuallyinspectedpriortocarryingoutNDT.無損探傷前焊縫應(yīng)進行100%外觀檢驗。AllNDTshallbeproperlydocumentedinsuchawaythattheperformedexaminationcanbeduplicated.Thereportsshallidentifythedefectspresentintheweldareaandstateiftheweldsatisfiestheacceptancecriteriaornot.所有無損探傷必須記錄全面，確?？梢园凑胀瑯拥姆绞街刈觥蟾嬉该魅毕菟谖恢靡约笆欠穹弦?guī)范要求。15/05/202437VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”NDTProcedures無損探傷的程序NDTshallbeperformedinaccordancewithagreedwrittenproceduresthat,asaminimum,givedetailedinformationonthefollowingaspects:無損探傷應(yīng)按照書面的程序進行，應(yīng)包括以下幾個方面：applicablecodeorstandard使用的代號和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)materialsanddimensions材料和尺寸weldingprocess焊接程序jointconfigurationanddimensions接頭形式與尺寸Technique探傷方法equipment,mainandauxiliary主要的和輔助設(shè)備Sensitivity靈敏度15/05/202438VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”calibrationtechniquesandcalibrationreferences校準(zhǔn)技術(shù)和校準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)testingparametersandvariables試驗參數(shù)和范圍assessmentofimperfections準(zhǔn)確性的評價reportinganddocumentationofresults結(jié)果的報告與存檔referencetoapplicableweldingprocedure(s)關(guān)于適用的焊接工藝personnelqualification人員資質(zhì)acceptancecriteria.接受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)15/05/202439VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”Personnelqualification無損探傷檢驗人員資質(zhì)PersonnelperformingNDTandinterpretationofexaminationresultsshallbecertifiedaccordingtoarecognizedcertificationschemesubjecttoagreementandshallprovideavalidcertificateofproficiency.Thecertificateshallstatethequalificationsastowhichexaminationmethodandwithinwhichcategorytheoperatorisqualified.進行無損探傷的職工和其檢驗結(jié)果都必須符合合同中規(guī)定的驗證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，且須提供有效的級別證書。此證書須注明其具有運用何種檢驗方法的資格和操作人員的能力范圍。NOTE!!ThisrequirementisalsovalidforVisualinspectorsasvisualinspectionisthefirst,andmaybethemostimportantstepofNDTinspection此要求對視察員同樣有效。因為視察時第一位，同時也是作重要的步驟。15/05/202440VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”ExtentofNDT無損探傷的范圍ExtentofNDTshallbebasedontypeandlevelofdesignstressesandontheimportanceoftheconnectioninquestion.Theweldsshallbeassignedinspectioncategoriesequaltothehigheststructuralcategoryofthetwocomponents.無損探傷的范圍主要根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性和設(shè)計應(yīng)力來確定。兩個構(gòu)件的焊接檢驗應(yīng)該按照高級別構(gòu)件的檢驗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來進行檢驗。Forstiffenedplates,whicharenotassignedInspectioncategoryI,theweldconnectionbetweenstiffenerandstringerandgirderwebtotheplatemaynormallybeinspectedaccordingtoInspectionCategoryIII.非重要構(gòu)件的扶強材與扶強材的對接、扶強材與平臺或桁材的焊接通常可以按照三類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行檢驗。Radiographicexaminationmaybereplacedbyultrasonicexaminationandviceversa,whenmethodologicallyjustifiableandinagreementwiththepurchaser.在能達到同等效果的情況下，經(jīng)過船東同意，拍片和超聲波探傷可以互換。FrequentrepairsshallresultinincreasedextentofNDT.返工越多，無損探傷的范圍應(yīng)越大。15/05/202441VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”NDTshallnormallybecarriedouttoanextentnotlessthanrequiredinTableB1.無損探傷的范圍不得小于以下B1表的要求。15/05/202442VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”AcceptancecriteriaforNDT15/05/202443VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”15/05/202444VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”t代表金屬板厚度總體要求：焊接需保證形狀和尺寸正確無誤。焊接應(yīng)按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序完成并且焊接處與部件有效結(jié)合。凹槽處焊接需進行輕微的或最小程度的加固，或進行根部滲透，但不要超過3毫米。腳縫焊表面須輕微凸起或凹陷，或者保持平面與底角平齊。15/05/202445VersionDNV-OS-C401”FabricationandTestingofOffshoreStructures”1)如果相同的缺陷（氣孔或夾渣）之間的距離小于其中最大的一個缺陷的長度，可以考慮其是否為一個連續(xù)的缺陷。如果過多的氣孔或夾渣掩蓋