湖南省衡陽市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期5月期中英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省衡陽市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期5月期中英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHikingTrails(路線）forFamiliesonLongIslandPlantingFieldsArboretumStateHistoricPark,OysterBayINFO:9a.m.to5p.m.daily;$8percarloadonweekendsonly＂Nearlyhalfthe409acresoftheformerestateoftheW.R.Coefamilyandcurrentstateparkarboretum(植物園）propertyiswoodlandthatincludesnaturewalksandagreenhouse,”confirmedbyBrianNearing,anofficeratNewYorkStateParks.Expecttoseelotsofwildlife,fromfoxesandsquirrelstobirdsofprey,suchasred-tailedhawksandgreathornedowls,adelightforkids.ConnetquotRiverStateParkPreserve,OakdaleINFO:8a.m.to4p.m.$8parkingfeedaily,631-581-1005,parks.ny.gou.Casey,vicepresidentoftheLongIslandGreenbeltTrailConference,recommendsthisparkforfamiliesbecausetheycanhikeanypartofthe50miles.Alongtheway,hikersatConnetquotRiverStateParkPreservemightseedeer,waterfowlandospreys(魚鷹）。SouthamptontrailsINFO:Parkinmuseumparkinglotat377Bridgehampton-SagHarborTpke.,Bridge-hampton.Noparkingfee.TheSouthamptonTrailPreservationSocietyrunsmanyguidedtrailsintheHamptons,somesuitableforevensmallchildren.BehindtheSouthForkNaturalHistoryMuseuminBridgehamptonisasmallfieldthatsurroundsarounditandusuallyhasbutterfliesandbirdsflyingabout.BlydenburghCountyPark,HauppaugeINFO:Dauntodusk.NorthernentranceisattheendofNewMillRoad.Noparkingfee.Theeastsideisflat,makingthewalkverykid-friendly.Thewestsideisabitmorehilly,butbothhavespectacularwaterviewsofthepond.OntheeastsideisalsotherowboatlicensethatopensonMemorialDayandbenches,aswellaspicnictables.Whenyou'reatBlyden-burghCountyPark,gointhenorthentranceoffNewMillRoadnearRoute347,wherethemainofficeoftheGreenbeltTrailConferenceissituated.Theofficecanprovideinformationandmaps.Thestartofthetrailsalsoishere.1.Whichtrailchargesforparkingeveryday?A.Southamptontrails.B.BlydenburghCountyPark.C.ConnetquotRiverStateParkPreserve.D.PlantingfieldsArboretumStateHistoricPark2.WhatareSouthamptontrailspecialabout?A.Theyincludealotofguidedtrails.B.Therearerarebirdsalongtheway.C.Theycoverthelongesthikingroute.D.They’respeciallydesignedforsmallkids.3.WhatcanWelearnaboutBlydenburghCountyPark?A.Manyhillslieontheeastside.B.Mapsareofferedattheofficenearthenorthentrance.C.Thetrailsusuallystartattheeastentrance.D.Apicnictablecanbeavailableonthewestside.〖答案〗1.C2.A3.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了長島的幾條家庭徒步旅行路線?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ConnetquotRiverStateParkPreserve,Oakdale部分的$8parkingfeedaily可知，ConnetquotRiverStateParkPreserve每天都收費。故選C?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Southamptontrails部分的TheSouthamptonTrailPreservationSocietyrunsmanyguidedtrailsintheHamptons,somesuitableforevensmallchildren.（南安普頓小徑保護協(xié)會在漢普頓有許多有向?qū)У男?，有些甚至適合小孩子。）可知，這個遠足機構(gòu)經(jīng)營著很多有導(dǎo)游的路線。故選A?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BlydenburghCountyPark部分的Whenyou'reatBlyden-burghCountyPark,gointhenorthentranceoffNewMillRoadnearRoute347,wherethemainofficeoftheGreenbeltTrailConferenceissituated.Theofficecanprovideinformationandmaps.（當你在布萊頓-伯格縣公園時，從347號公路附近的新米爾路(NewMillRoad)的北入口出發(fā)，那里是綠帶步道會議(GreenbeltTrailConference)的主要辦公室。辦公室可以提供信息和地圖。）可知，可以在靠近北入口的辦公室獲得地圖。故選B。BT.S.Eliotwroteof“Distractedfromdistractionbydistraction/Filledwithfanciesandemptyofmeaning.”T.S.Eliotneverhadasmartphone.NeitherdidIforalongtime.NoFacebookaccount;notevenemail.Butaccordingtomydateofmanufacture,I’msupposedtobeadigitalnative.Perhapsit’sbecausebytheageof20IwaslivingintheWelshcountrysidewithnosignalandnoWi-Fi.WhenIfinallyfellintothedigitalworld,Ifellhard.Unlikemyfriendsforwhomsocialmediaandmobiletechnologyhadgrownandfloweredaroundthem,formeitwasasuddenimmersion.IgotFacebook,TwitterandGmailaccountsatthesametimethatIgotaniPhone4.Iwouldcheckmyphone;fiveminuteslaterIwouldcheckmyphoneagain.IwasaddictedanditstartedtoaffectmyrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilyOnenight,withoutaword,IabandonedmyiPhoneandboughtaNokia3310andbecamethetalkofthetown.SoonIbecameawarethatnotonlyhadIstolensecrettimebackfromthehurrieddays,butsomehowasecretspaceaswell.Icouldstretchout,freetothinkagain,tobewhollycreativeandtolearnmeaningfully.But,whereverIwentIgotbloodylost.WanderingblindlyaroundLondon,onlytomissappointments,becameafrequentpastime(消遣).WhatdidwedobeforeGoogleMaps?Iwasuseless.Thechangewasworthit,though.I’llsoundlikeanoverstatementbutIthinkitchangedmylife.MychoicesarebroaderandhealthierbecauseI’mnotbeingscreamedatallday.IboughtanewSamsungphonelastweek.Ihadbeenscaredoftherateofprogress,crying:“Stopthetrain!Stopthemadness.”ButIwanttobepartofbuildingthefuture,andtodothat,you’vegottoswimincontemporarywaters.Rejectingthemodernworlddoesn’thelpanyone.ItslowsyoudownandIneedtobeefficient.TimewilltellwhetherI’vemasteredthewisdomtorejectconstantlycheckingmyphone.4.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheauthorwhenshelivedintheWelshcountryside?A.ShereadalotofT.S.Eliot. B.Shehadnofriendstotalkwith.C.ShehadnoaccesstotheInternet. D.Shewasafraidofthedigitalworld.5.WhydidtheauthorbuytheNokia3310?A.Shethoughtsheneededasparephone. B.ShefoundheriPhonestoppedworking.C.Shewantedtoattractpeople’sattention. D.Shehopedtobreakhersmartphoneaddiction.6.WhathappenedaftertheauthorusedtheNokia3310?A.Sheledasimpleandhealthylife. B.Shefoundherlifewasinamess.C.Shespentmoretimewithherfriends. D.Shebecameanexampleforotherpeople.7.ForwhatpurposedidtheauthorbuytheSamsungphone?A.Toseekwisdom. B.Tostophermadness.C.Tokeeppacewiththetimes. D.Togetbacktotherealworld.〖答案〗4.C5.D6.A7.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者對數(shù)字化世界的體驗和反思，描述了自己從無數(shù)字設(shè)備到被數(shù)字世界深深吸引，再到最終理智地對待智能手機的經(jīng)歷。【4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Perhapsit’sbecausebytheageof20IwaslivingintheWelshcountrysidewithnosignalandnoWi-Fi.(也許是因為我20歲的時候住在威爾士鄉(xiāng)下，沒有信號，也沒有Wi-Fi。)”可知，作者在威爾士鄉(xiāng)下生活時不能上網(wǎng)。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Iwasaddictedanditstartedtoaffectmyrelationshipswithfriendsandfamily.(我上癮了，這開始影響我與朋友和家人的關(guān)系。)”和第四段的“Onenight,withoutaword,IabandonedmyiPhoneandboughtaNokia3310.

(一天晚上，我二話沒說，放棄了iPhone，買了一部諾基亞3310。)

”可知，作者買諾基亞3310的原因在于她希望能戒掉手機癮。故選D?！?題詳析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“SoonIbecameawarethatnotonlyhadIstolensecrettimebackfromthehurrieddays,butsomehowasecretspaceaswell.Icouldstretchout,freetothinkagain,tobewhollycreativeandtolearnmeaningfully.(很快我就意識到，我不僅從忙碌的日子里偷回了秘密的時間，而且不知怎的也偷回了一個秘密的空間。我可以伸伸懶腰，自由地重新思考，充分發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力，有意義地學(xué)習(xí)。)”可知，在作者使用諾基亞3310之后過著簡單而健康的生活。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“ButIwanttobepartofbuildingthefuture,andtodothat,you’vegottoswimincontemporarywaters.Rejectingthemodernworlddoesn’thelpanyone.ItslowsyoudownandIneedtobeefficient.(但我想成為建設(shè)未來的一部分，要做到這一點，你必須在當代的水域里游泳。拒絕現(xiàn)代世界對任何人都沒有幫助。這會拖慢你的速度，我需要提高效率。)”可知，作者購買三星手機的目的是為了跟上時代的步伐，做到與時俱進。故選C。CTakingvitaminpillsinhighdoses(劑量)cansignificantlyincreasetheriskofcataracts(白內(nèi)障),astudyhasshown.ScientistsfoundthatconsuminglargeamountsofvitaminCmadeindividuals20percentmorelikelytodevelopthecondition,whichisaleadingcauseofblindness.Andregularlytakinghigh-dosevitaminEtabletsincreasedthechanceofcataractsformingby60percent.Thedangersareevengreaterfortheelderly,withthoseover65nearlydoublingtheirchancesofdamagingtheirvisioniftheytookthesevitaminseveryday.ResearchersfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholmmonitored31,000volunteersagedbetween45and79.Nearly3,000ofthemwentontoneedtreatmentfortheireyes.TheSwedishteamdiscoveredastronglinkbetweenthosewhodevelopedcataractsandthosewhotookhighdosesofvitaminsCandE.Itwasoriginallythoughtthatthetwovitaminswouldprotectagainstcataractsbecausetheyarepowerfulantioxidants(脫氧化劑).Itwassupposedthattheywouldfighttheprocessofoxidation(氧化),whichdestroyscellsinmuchthesamewayasrust(銹)rotsacar.However,ititnowbelievedthat,inlargequantities,vitaminCmayactuallycauseoxidationbyupsettingthenaturalbalanceofproteinsintheeye.ThehumanbodydoesnotmakeorstorevitaminC,andgetsitssupplyfromfruitandvegetables.Itonlyneeds40mgadaytokeepcellshealthyandpromotehealing.VitaminEhelpsmaintainthestructureofcellsandisfoundinfooditemssuchasnutsandseeds.Amanneedsjust4mgadayandawomanshouldhave3mg.ButtabletscontaininguptoahundredtimesthisamountarealsoavailableinUKhealthfoodshops.Researchersstressedthatthedangerswillonlybecausedifthevitaminsaretakeninverylargeamounts.Theseweredefinedas1,000mgofvitaminCand100mgofvitaminEaday.However,ProfessorYitYang,fromtheRoyalCollegeofOphthalmologistsinAustralia,said,“ItisnotpossibletoestablishfromthisstudythatvitaminCcausedcataracts,astheremaybeotherfactors(因素)thatwerenotaccountedfor.”8.Whatdoweknowabouttheresearchfromthetext?A.TheresearchwasconductedinAustralia.B.Thevolunteerscoveredthefullrangeofages.C.Almost10percentofthevolunteershadsomethingwrongwiththeireyes.D.TheresearchfoundvitaminCismorelikelytocausecataractsthanvitaminE.9.Whatdidthescientiststhinkofthevitaminsoriginally?A.Theycouldleadtoblindness.B.Theycouldcausecataracts.C.Theycouldincreaseoxidation.D.Theycouldpreventcataracts.10.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheSideEffectsofVitaminsCandEB.TheFightBetweenVitaminsandOxidationC.DoesaHighVitaminIntakeEqualCataracts?D.WhyAreHighDosesofVitaminsBadforHealth?11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthistext?A.Towarnpeoplenottotaketoomanyvitamins.B.Totellpeopleaboutanewmedicaldiscovery.C.Torevealtherisksofantioxidantsandthelike.D.Toexplaintherelationshipbetweenvitaminsandblindness.〖答案〗8.C9.D10.C11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述吃維生素過多會增加得白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ResearchersfromtheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholmmonitored31,000volunteersagedbetween45and79.Nearly3,000ofthemwentontoneedtreatmentfortheireyes.(斯德哥爾摩的卡羅琳斯卡研究所的研究人員對31000名年齡在45歲至79歲之間的志愿者進行了監(jiān)測。其中近3000人的眼睛需要治療。)”可知，參與監(jiān)測的志愿者將近10%的眼睛需要治療。故選C?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Itwasoriginallythoughtthatthetwovitaminswouldprotectagainstcataracts(人們最初認為這兩種維生素可以預(yù)防白內(nèi)障)”可知，人們最初認為這兩種維生素可以預(yù)防白內(nèi)障。故選D。【10題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Takingvitaminpillsinhighdoses(劑量)cansignificantlyincreasetheriskofcataracts(白內(nèi)障),astudyhasshown.(一項研究表明，大劑量服用維生素片會顯著增加患白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險。)”和第二段“ScientistsfoundthatconsuminglargeamountsofvitaminCmadeindividuals20percentmorelikelytodevelopthecondition,whichisaleadingcauseofblindness.Andregularlytakinghigh-dosevitaminEtabletsincreasedthechanceofcataractsformingby60percent.Thedangersareevengreaterfortheelderly,withthoseover65nearlydoublingtheirchancesofdamagingtheirvisioniftheytookthesevitaminseveryday.(科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，大量攝入維生素C會使人患上這種疾病的可能性增加20%，而這種疾病是導(dǎo)致失明的主要原因。經(jīng)常服用高劑量維生素E片會使白內(nèi)障形成的幾率增加60%。對老年人來說，危險更大，如果65歲以上的人每天服用這些維生素，他們損害視力的幾率幾乎翻了一番。)”,再結(jié)合后文作者的說明，可知，這篇文章主要介紹大劑量服用維生素片會顯著增加患白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險。故選C。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Takingvitaminpillsinhighdoses(劑量)cansignificantlyincreasetheriskofcataracts(白內(nèi)障),astudyhasshown.(一項研究表明，大劑量服用維生素片會顯著增加患白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險。)”可知，這篇文章主要介紹大劑量服用維生素片會顯著增加患白內(nèi)障的風(fēng)險這一研究結(jié)果。故選B。DWhatarescientists?Theyareoftendescribedasgray-hairedwhite-coateddullscholars.Buttheworldhaschanged.Youngscientistsaremakingtheirvoicesheardandreleasingtheirpowersontheworldstage.ThisisalsotrueinChina.RisingstarsincludenewmaterialsexpertGongYongji,universityprofessorLiuMingzhen,andbiologistWanRuixue.Attheageof28in2018,WanRuixuereceivedthe2018Science&SciLifeLabPrizeforYoungScientists.Thisisaglobalprizetorewardoutstandingscientistsatanearlystageoftheircareers.Shefocusesmainlyonbiomedicine(生物醫(yī)學(xué))andartificialintelligence.“Botharecutting-edge(前沿)technologiesatanearlystageofdevelopment,”shesaid.“So,Ithinktheyhavegreatpotentialtobedeveloped.Ithinkinthestudyofcutting-edgetechnologies,Chinaandotherleadingcountriesintheworldarestandingonthesamestartingline.Andinthestudyofstructuralbiology,Chinaislikelytobecometheleader.”Shefeltitwasherfatetobecomeabiologist.“Igrewinterestedinthenaturalworld,whenIwasveryyoung,”shesaid.In2009,sheenteredSunYat-senUniversity.Inherthirdyearattheuniversity,sherealizedthatshewantedtodosomethingrelatedtobiomedicine.SosheemailedChina’stopbiologistShiYigong,hopingtojoinhislabatTsinghuaUniversity.Shirecognisedhertalentandwelcomedher.Yearsofeffortsatthelabhavepaidoff.Herresearchonthehigh-definition3Dstructureofspliceosomeledtoascientificbreakthrough.Unlikemanyofotheryoungscientistswhochoosetopursuefurtherstudyabroad,Wancurrentlyhasnoplantogooverseas.“ThewholeecosystemforscientificresearchiscontinuallyimprovinginChina,”shesaid,addingthatthecountryhasgreatsciencefacilities.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“releasing”inparagraph2mean?A.Givingout. B.Gettingover.C.Findingout. D.Takingover.13.WhatdoesWanRuixuefeelaboutthestudyofcutting-edgetechnologiesinChina?A.Anxious. B.Confident.C.Disappointed. D.Satisfied.14.WhatcanwelearnaboutWanRuixue’sjourneyofbecomingabiologist?A.Herteacherledherintothefield.B.Shefindsit’seasierthanshethought.C.Hercontributionhasbeenrecognised.D.Shethinksit’sboringbutworthtrying.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.China’sBreakthroughinScienceB.RisingYoungScientistsinChinaC.WanRuixue:ASuccessfulYoungScientistD.NewImageofChineseScientists〖答案〗12.A13.B14.C15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了年輕的科學(xué)家們正在世界舞臺上發(fā)聲，并釋放他們的力量。在中國也一樣，越來越多的年輕科學(xué)家投身科學(xué)研究，對社會做出了巨大的貢獻。他們對中國的科學(xué)技術(shù)和科學(xué)研究充滿自信。【12題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線單詞前半句話“Youngscientistsaremakingtheirvoicesheard(年輕的科學(xué)家正在發(fā)出他們的聲音)”可知，makingtheirvoicesheard和releasingtheirpowers并列，可以根據(jù)“makingtheirvoicesheard(發(fā)出自己的聲音)”推測出releasing有“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”之意，所以劃線詞意思是“發(fā)出”。故選A?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句話“Ithinkinthestudyofcutting-edgetechnologies,Chinaandotherleadingcountriesintheworldarestandingonthesamestartingline.Andinthestudyofstructuralbiology,Chinaislikelytobecometheleader.(我認為在尖端技術(shù)的研究中，中國和世界上其他領(lǐng)先國家站在同一條起跑線上。在結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)研究方面，中國很可能成為領(lǐng)先者)”可推知，對中國前沿技術(shù)的研究，萬蕊雪充滿信心。故選B?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Shirecognisedhertalentandwelcomedher.Yearsofeffortsatthelabhavepaidoff.Herresearchonthehigh-definition3Dstructureofspliceosomeledtoascientificbreakthrough.(施認可了她的才能，并歡迎她。實驗室多年的努力得到了回報。她對剪接體高清三維結(jié)構(gòu)的研究取得了科學(xué)突破)”可知，在萬蕊雪成為生物學(xué)家的過程中，她的付出得到了認可。故選C?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。文章主要講述年輕的科學(xué)家們正在世界舞臺上發(fā)聲，并釋放他們的力量。在中國也一樣，越來越多的年輕科學(xué)家投身科學(xué)研究，對社會做出了巨大的貢獻。他們對中國的科學(xué)技術(shù)和科學(xué)研究充滿自信。所以“中國崛起的年輕科學(xué)家”適合作本文的標題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。U.N.ReportWarnsNatureCrisisAnewU.N.reportfocusesonthenegativeeffectsofhumanactivityonnature.Itsaysonemillionplantandanimalspeciesonland,intheseasandintheskyarenowindangerofextinction.The1,800reporttookthreeyearstofinish.___16___TheEarthhasalwayssufferedfromhumanactivity,itsays.However,thesescratches(劃傷)havebecomedeepscars(傷疤)overthepast50years.Speciesaregoingtoextinctseveralhundredtimesfasterthantheaveragerateduringthepasttenmillionyears.It’ssomethingthathasneverhappenedbeforeinhumanhistory.___17___Since1970,thehumanpopulationhasdoubled.Theglobaleconomyhasgrownbyfourtimes.Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.___18___Furthermore,hunting,overfishingandpollutionhavealsobeenkillingspeciesingreatnumbers.Theproblemcanbefixed,thereportsays.___19___Theamountoflandandseathatisunderprotectionneedstoincreaserapidly.ThereportsuggestsgovernmentsmoveawayfromusingGDPasakeymeasureofdevelopment.Long-termeffectsmustbeconsidered,too.ProfessorEduardoBrondizioofIndianaUniversityisanauthorofthereport.Hesays,“Weallknowwhatneedstobedone.Theknowledgeisthere.___20___”A.However,thisrequiresmanychanges.B.Over120wildlifespeciesarefacingextinction.C.Onlyexpertsknowhowtoaddresstheproblem.D.Thereportlistedseveralcausesforthesituation.E.Therejustneedstobeagreaterwilltotakeaction.F.Itdrawsontheworkof450scientistsfromdozensofcountries.G.Between1980and2000,onemillionsquarekilometersoftropical(熱帶的)forestwerelost.〖答案〗16.F17.D18.G19.A20.E【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。主要介紹了一份新的聚焦于人類活動對自然的負面影響的聯(lián)合國報告：海陸空的100萬種植物和動物因為人類活動而正面臨滅絕的危險，問題可以解決，但是要真正付之于行動?！?6題詳析】上文“The1,800reporttookthreeyearstofinish.(這份1800頁的報告花了三年時間才完成)”說明聯(lián)合國報告花費了很長時間，F(xiàn)項中It指代上文中的報告，F(xiàn)項“它借鑒了來自數(shù)十個國家的450名科學(xué)家的成果?！边M一步說明這份報告借鑒了很多人的工作成果，承接上文，符合題意。故選F?！?7題詳析】下文“Since1970,thehumanpopulationhasdoubled.Theglobaleconomyhasgrownbyfourtimes.Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.(自1970年以來，人口增加了一倍。全球經(jīng)濟增長了四倍。為了給這個快速變化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，許多森林被砍伐了)”說明造成物種滅絕速度增長的原因，D項“報告列出了造成這種情況的幾個原因?！币鱿挛?，符合題意。故選D?！?8題詳析】上文“Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.(為了給這個快速變化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，許多森林被砍伐了)”說明許多森林被砍伐，G項“1980年至2000年間，100萬平方公里的熱帶森林消失?！闭f明了森林砍伐的結(jié)果，承接上文，符合題意。故選G?！?9題詳析】上文“Theproblemcanbefixed,thereportsays.(報告稱，這個問題是可以解決的)”說明這一問題可以解決，以及下文“Theamountoflandandseathatisunderprotectionneedstoincreaserapidly.(受保護的陸地和海洋數(shù)量需要迅速增加)”說明解決問題需要做出的改變，A項“然而，這需要許多改變。”承上啟下，符合題意，其中“this”代指上文“Theproblemcanbefixed”。故選A?！?0題詳析】上文“Weallknowwhatneedstobedone.Theknowledgeisthere.(我們都知道需要做什么。知識就在那里)”說明大家都知道應(yīng)該采取什么行動，E項“只需要有更大的意愿來采取行動。”說明EduardoBrondizio希望大家更愿意采取行動，承接上文，符合題意。故選E。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Wehadjustcompletedaunitonheroes,andIhadgivenmykindergartenclassatasktodrawtheirfavoritehero.Eachchildwas____21____withthetask,creatingcolorfulmasterpieces.However,onelittleboywashaving____22____withthetask.Cameronwaswithautism(自閉癥),butthatdidn’tmattertomeorhisclassmates.Weall____23____himjustthewayhewas.IsatandwatchedAustin,alittleboy,____24____withCameron.Withinafewminutes,Cameronbegan____25____andthencoloring.Finally,itwastimeforeverybodytosharetheirpictures.Ilistenedaseachstudent____26____stoodinfrontoftheclass,hisorherpictureheldhigh,and____27____hisorherhero.ItwasfinallyCameron’s____28____.Hestoodupandanxiouslyplacedhisdrawinginfrontofhis____29____toavoideyecontact.Weallfixedoureyesonthepicture,_____30_____toknowwhohisherowas.Hethensaiditwasapictureofme.HeaddedthatIhelpedhimlearnthingsandthen_____31_____satdown.Tearsbegantoforminmyeyes,butnothingcouldhave_____32_____meforwhathappenednext.WhenAustinstoodup,heproudlyheldupapictureofCameron.AustinsaidthatCameronwashisherobecauseCameronhadthe_____33_____thatmadeitreallyhardtolearn,buthewaslikeSupermanandwasreallysmart.Cameronimmediatelystoodup,andputhisarmsupintheairasifheweregoingto_____34_____,yellingout,“I’mSuperman!”TheentireclassbeganstrikingSuperman’sposes,too.Withinminutes,wewerealllaughingasthoughwehadtrulydiscoveredthesecretofbecoming_____35_____.21.A.familiar B.busy C.bored D.satisfied22.A.patience B.fun C.difficulty D.connection23.A.judged B.admired C.ignored D.loved24.A.fight B.argue C.agree D.work25.A.writing B.drawing C.printing D.reading26.A.proudly B.instantly C.shyly D.frequently27.A.indicated B.described C.followed D.compared28.A.fault B.duty C.turn D.point29.A.back B.chest C.stomach D.face30.A.curious B.certain C.surprised D.disappointed31.A.unwillingly B.bravely C.quickly D.impolitely32.A.asked B.prepared C.blamed D.excused33.A.preference B.habit C.sickness D.hobby34.A.setoff B.backoff C.showoff D.takeoff35.A.masters B.superheroes C.figures D.leaders〖答案〗21.B22.C23.D24.D25.B26.A27.B28.C29.D30.A31.C32.B33.C34.D35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者的班上一個名為Cameron的男孩患有自閉癥，在作者布置繪畫最喜歡的英雄任務(wù)中，Cameron畫了作者，而和他一起畫畫的男孩奧斯汀說Cameron是他心目中的英雄，因為Cameron得了這種病，很難學(xué)習(xí)，但他就像超人一樣聰明?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每個孩子都忙著完成任務(wù)，創(chuàng)作出五顏六色的杰作。A.familiar熟悉的；B.busy繁忙的；C.bored無聊的；D.satisfied感到滿意的。根據(jù)后文的“creatingcolorfulmasterpieces”可知，每個孩子都在忙于創(chuàng)作五顏六色的杰作。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一個小男孩在這項任務(wù)中遇到了困難。A.patience耐心；B.fun樂趣；C.difficulty困難；D.connection連接。根據(jù)后文“Cameronwaswithautism,butthatdidn’tmattertomeorhisclassmates.(Cameron患有自閉癥，但這對我和他的同學(xué)來說都不重要)”可知，Cameron患有自閉癥，完成任務(wù)遇到了困難。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都愛他所表現(xiàn)出來的樣子。A.judged判斷；B.admired欽佩；C.ignored忽視；D.loved愛。根據(jù)前文“butthatdidn’tmattertomeorhisclassmates.”可知，Cameron患有自閉癥，但這對我和他的同學(xué)來說并不重要，由此表示作者和同學(xué)們對他表現(xiàn)出來的樣子是喜愛的。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我坐在那里看著奧斯汀，另一個小男孩，和Cameron一起工作（畫畫）。A.fight戰(zhàn)斗；B.argue爭論；C.agree同意；D.work工作。根據(jù)下文“Withinafewminutes,Cameronbegan________andthencoloring.”推知，奧斯汀和Cameron一起工作，完成繪畫。故選D。【25題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾分鐘后，Cameron開始畫畫，然后上色。A.writing寫；B.drawing畫；C.printing打??；D.reading閱讀。根據(jù)后文的“thencoloring”可知，Cameron先開始畫畫，然后上色。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我聽著每個學(xué)生自豪地站在全班面前，高舉著圖畫，描述他或她心目中的英雄。A.proudly自豪地；B.instantly立刻；C.shyly害羞地；D.frequently頻繁地。根據(jù)后文“hisorherpictureheldhigh,and________hisorherhero.”可知，學(xué)生們高舉著自己的繪畫，他們是自豪地站在全班面前。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我聽著每個學(xué)生自豪地站在全班面前，高舉著圖畫，描述他或她心目中的英雄。A.indicated暗示，表明；B.described描述；C.followed跟隨；D.compared比較。根據(jù)前文“itwastimeforeverybodytosharetheirpictures.”可知，孩子們分享他們所畫出的英雄，即站在前面描述他們的英雄。故選B?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后輪到Cameron了。A.fault錯誤；B.duty義務(wù)；C.turn輪次；D.point關(guān)鍵點。根據(jù)上文“ItwasfinallyCameron’s”以及后文“Hestoodupandanxiouslyplacedhisdrawinginfrontofhis_______toavoideyecontact.”可知，此處表示該輪到Cameron展示繪畫，介紹自己所畫的英雄了。itbeone’sturn為固定短語，意為“輪到某人”。故選C?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他站起來，不安地把自己的畫放在面前，以避免目光接觸。A.back后背；B.chest胸；C.stomach胃；D.face臉。根據(jù)后文“toavoideyecontact”可知為了避免目光接觸，他把畫放在臉前。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都好奇地盯著那幅畫，想知道那是誰。A.curious好奇的；B.certain必然的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)前文“Weallfixedoureyesonthepicture”和后文“toknowwhoitwas”可知，大家都好奇地盯著畫，想知道畫的是誰。故選A?！?1題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他補充說，我?guī)椭麑W(xué)習(xí)東西，然后很快坐了下來。A.unwillingly不情愿地；B.bravely勇敢地；C.quickly快速地；D.impolitely不禮貌地。根據(jù)上文“Hestoodupandanxiouslyplacedhisdrawinginfrontofhis________toavoideyecontact”可知，Cameron因為害怕眼神交流，所以只是簡短地描述了原因，就快速坐下了。故選C。【32題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：淚水開始在我的眼睛里打轉(zhuǎn)，但我沒有料到接下來會發(fā)生什么。A.asked詢問；B.prepared準備；C.blamed責(zé)備；D.excused赦免。根據(jù)后文“forwhathappenednext”以及“WhenAustinstoodup,heproudlyheldupapictureofCameron.AustinsaidthatCameronwashisherobecauseCameronhadthe________thatmadeitreallyhardtolearn,buthewaslikeSupermanandwasreallysmart.”可知，奧斯汀說Cameron是他心目中的英雄，因為Cameron得了這種病，很難學(xué)習(xí)，但他就像超人一樣聰明，作者對于這一切所發(fā)生的事情沒有任何的準備。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：奧斯汀說Cameron是他心目中的英雄，因為Cameron得了這種病，很難學(xué)習(xí)，但他就像超人一樣聰明。A.preference偏愛；B.habit習(xí)慣；C.sickness疾?。籇.hobby愛好。對應(yīng)上文“Cameronwaswithautism”可知，Cameron得病了，患了自閉癥。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：Cameron立刻站了起來，舉起雙臂，好像要起飛一樣，大聲喊道：“我是超人！”A.setoff出發(fā)；B.backoff后退；C.showoff炫耀；D.takeoff起飛。根據(jù)上文“puthisarmsupintheairasifheweregoingto”可知，Cameron站起來，舉起雙臂模仿超人起飛。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾分鐘之內(nèi)，我們都笑了，好像我們真的發(fā)現(xiàn)了成為超級英雄的秘密。A.masters大師；B.superheroes超級英雄；C.figures人物；D.leaders領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“TheentireclassbeganstrikingSupermanposes,too.”可知，整個班級都在模仿超人的姿勢，就好像發(fā)現(xiàn)成為超級英雄的秘密。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。PeoplewholiveontheMoonwillexperiencenightandday,butalunardayandnightwouldlastalmostanEarthmonth.Earth’sgravitycausestheMoon____36____（experience）aslightelongation(輕微伸長)onthesidesclosestandfarthestfromus.Thegravitationalforcesacting____37____（different）onthenearandfarsideoftheMoon’selongationcreateatorque(扭矩)____38____actstochangetheMoon’srotational(旋轉(zhuǎn)的)periodsothatitmatchesitsorbitperiod.This____39____（know）as“tidallocking(潮汐鎖定)”.BecausetheMoonrotatesatthesametimeasitorbitsEarth,itonlyeverpresentsthesamefacetous.ButeventhoughtheMoonistidallylockedtoEarth,it’sstillrotatingwithrespectto____40____Sun.Itsrotationperiodis29days,12hoursand44minutes—alsothe____41____（long）ofthe“l(fā)unarmonth”onEarth.So,anyone____42____（live）ontheMoonwouldexperienceabouttwoweeksofdaylight,____43____（follow）byabouttwoweeksofnight.Ofcourse,fromthenearsideoftheMoon,Earthappearstostayinexactlythesamepositionintheskywhilethe____44____（star）riseandset—althoughEarth’sexactpositiondepends_____45_____whereyouareontheMoon.TheappearanceofEarthwillchange,justliketheMoon’sdoes,overalunarmonth,butEarthitselfwillbeobservedrotatingonceinalittleover24hours.〖答案〗36.toexperience37.differently38.that/which39.isknown40.the41.length42.living43.followed44.stars45.on/upon【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要向讀者介紹了月球的一些科學(xué)現(xiàn)象，如潮汐鎖定、月球的自轉(zhuǎn)和公轉(zhuǎn)周期，以及從月球上觀察地球和星星的情況。【36題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：地球的引力使月球在離我們最近和最遠的兩側(cè)經(jīng)歷了輕微的伸長。非謂語動詞擔當動詞“cause”后的賓語補足語，用動詞不定式形式，構(gòu)成短語：cause…todo…，意為“導(dǎo)致……去……”，符合句意。故填toexperience?！?7題詳析】考查副詞。句意：這種引力對月球伸長部分的近側(cè)和遠側(cè)作用不同，產(chǎn)生了一個扭矩，這個扭矩會改變月球的自轉(zhuǎn)周期，使其與公轉(zhuǎn)周期相匹配。修飾動詞“act”用副詞形式。故填differently?！?8題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：這種引力對月球伸長部分的近側(cè)和遠側(cè)作用不同，產(chǎn)生了一個扭矩，這個扭矩會改變月球的自轉(zhuǎn)周期，使其與公轉(zhuǎn)周期相匹配。這里為定語從句的關(guān)系詞，先行詞為“atorque”，在定語從句中擔當主語，用關(guān)系代詞which或that。故填which或that?！?9題詳析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：這被稱為“潮汐鎖定”。這里為本句謂語動詞，根據(jù)上下文可知，本句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時；主語為“this”，單數(shù)，和動詞“know”之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填isknown?！?0題詳析】考查冠詞。句意：但即使月球被地球潮汐鎖定，它仍然相對于太陽在自轉(zhuǎn)。修飾世界上獨一無二的事物用定冠詞“the”。故填the。【41題詳析】考查名詞。句意：它的自轉(zhuǎn)周期是29天、12小時和44分鐘——這也是地球上“太陰月”的長度。分析句子成分可知，空處為名詞形式，意為“長度”。故填length?！?2題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：所以，任何生活在月球上的人都會經(jīng)歷大約兩周的白晝，然后是大約兩周的黑夜。非謂語動詞擔當后置定語，被修飾詞“anyone”和動詞“l(fā)ive”之間為主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填living?！?3題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：所以，任何生活在月球上的人都會經(jīng)歷大約兩周的白晝，然后是大約兩周的黑夜。非謂語動詞擔當狀語，“abouttwoweeksofdaylight”和動詞“follow”之間為被