高考英語語法課件：13定語從句（含習(xí)題及答案）

定語從句

?知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)

「先行詞：定語從句所修

［在全句中做「飾的名詞或代詞

I定語的從句1

關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句

的詞。它有三個(gè)作用

在從句中做

代表先行詞

語W從露句句子成分

］做主語：tinasciaitist曲0/

thatstudiesanimalssuchas

apesandmonkeys.

II

指人｛做賓語：Thegirl(whom410/

that)Imetyesterdayiscalled

Jane.

［做定語：Ihadastudent描ose

creativitywouldinfectothers.

做i語：Idonotlike

thenovelswhich/that

-

關(guān)haveunhappyendings.

語關(guān)系

系物

從-代詞

詞做賓語：I'dliketoseethe

句

car(which/that)youbought

yesterday.

做定語：Thehouse曲ose

doors(=thedoorsofwhich/

ofwhichthedoors)aregreen

ismyuncle's.

做時(shí)間狀語(先行詞是時(shí)間)：July

isthemonthwhen(=inwhich)

nature'sberriesareinabundance.

做地點(diǎn)狀語(先行詞是地點(diǎn))：

IIUpstairshehadastudiowhere(=in

福翁

關(guān)系which)hepaintedalittle.

樂副詞做原因狀語(先行詞是reason):

旬SJThisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)

hewaslateforschool.

做方式狀語(先行詞是way):I

donftlikethewaythat(=inwhich)

youlaughather.

Herewassomeonewith

whomIcouldsharemy

三feelings.[=(who/whom/

關(guān)that)Icould.with]

語系

從介邱關(guān)

詞Ioftenhadcrazydreamsin

句系代詞

whichIwastoblameforMiller's

accident.(inthedream)

Hehasthreechildren,twoof

vdicmarecollegestudents.(部分

與整體)

非限制性定語從句：Hechanged

hismind,whichmademevery

angry.

=

關(guān)

語

系不能用直接位于介詞后：Thesewere

從

詞thatallqualitiesforwhichIhad

句oncerespectedmyelderbrother.

wele,those,oie等指人時(shí)多

用who:Peoplewhoreachout

tostrangersfeelgood.

,先行詞包括人和物：Theytalked

aboutthepersonsandthingsthat

mostimpressedthem.

Thefirstthingthat

R/多用序數(shù)詞或shouldbedoneistowork

that-最高級房outaPlan-

Thisisthebestdictionary

(that)I'veeverused.

植事物的不定代詞后：Nowallthat

wasneededweretheparents.

Theyarethought

tobetheonlyinsect

theonly/veryjthatdoesthis.

(后的事物,

TheBird'sNestisthe

(veryplace(that)you

cannotmisswhenyou

visitBeijing.

只/多甩Whoisthegirlthat

istalkingtoTomin

thatwho/whichJEEimlish?

頭的問句中:8

Whichisthehouse

thatcaughtfirelast

night?

'先行詞在therebe后：Thereisstill

alotofhomework(that)wehave

todoinoursparetime.

三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作

用；甬逗號寫主旬外并；不可由that

定非限引導(dǎo)。Themarket,帥ichwasfounded

語制性in1979,setsupitstentseverySaturday.

從定語先行詞是整個(gè)主句：Marywaslate

句從句,again,whichmadetheteachervery

angry.

/先行詞是專有名詞：Johnlikesrice,

須用asopposedtoMary,whohatesit

情況先行詞前有物主代詞：Hisson,to

whomhehasbeendevoted,isliving

abroad.

先行詞是一類人或事物：Football,

whichisaveryinterestinggame,is

playedallovertheworld.

限制性：在such,as,thesameJo：

定引

Thisisthesamepersonascame

語As導(dǎo)的

從定語yesterday.

句從句

非限制性：Aswasexpected,he

performedthetaskwithsuccess.

[（不出所料）as做主語，謂語通

常要有be]

考點(diǎn)考法——關(guān)系詞

ButSarah,whohastakenpart

inshows,wantstoprove...

.itispossibletohavetoomuchof

both,,whichisnotgood?.

關(guān)系代詞

?madeastudythat/whichshowed

amerefiveto...

關(guān)系副詞:?goesbacktomydays,whenI

wasthefirstWesternTVreporter..

寫作運(yùn)用

1.要去露營的人請?jiān)诖箝T口集合。

Thosewhoaregoingcampingpleasegather

atthegate.

2.失去健康的人就失去了一切。

Hewholoseshealthlosesall.

3.他的班上有五十個(gè)學(xué)生，其中大多數(shù)都

是男孩。

Therearefiftystudentsinhisclass,mostof

whomareboys.

4.不出所料，他輕而易舉地通過了考試。

Aswasexpected,hepassedtheexameasily.

5.我們隊(duì)贏了這場比賽，這使得我們非常高興。

Ourteamwonthegame,whichmadeusvery

happy.

真題,回顧

語法填空在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

1.（2019全國I卷）NowIreneAstburyworks

from9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopin

Macclesfield,,whichsheopenedwithher

latehusbandLes.

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作。pened的

賓語，故用which。

2.（2019全國ni卷）Theywerewelltrainedby

theirmastersthat/wh。hadgreatexperience

withcaringfortheseanimals.

引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句中缺主語，先行詞為asters,

tt^that/vhoo

3.（2018全國I卷）!Wooftheauthorsofthe

reviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014

that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesa

dayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdisease

andearlydeathsfromallcauses.

先行詞是astudy,在定語從句中作主語，用關(guān)

系代詞that或whicho

4.（2018全國n卷）TheChineseMinistryof

Agriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthe

governmentstartedasoil-testingprogram

that/whichgivesspecificfertilizer

recommendationstofarmers..

先行詞是program,指物，定語從句中缺主語,

用關(guān)系代詞that或which。

5.（2017全國I卷）Havingenoughfatandsalt

inyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack（吃

點(diǎn)心）betweenmealsandwillimprovethetaste

ofyourfood…Likeanything,itispossibleto

havetoomuchofboth,whichisnotgood

forthehealth.

非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個(gè)主句的

內(nèi)容，即“脂肪和鹽兩者都可能吃得太多”，

這對健康不利。在從句中作主語，用which。

6.（2017全國III卷）ButSarah,whohas

takenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,

wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellas

beauty.

非限制性定語從句，補(bǔ)充說明Sarah;先行詞

Sarah是人，在從句中作主語，故用who引導(dǎo)。

7.（201曜:國I卷）Butmyconnectionwith

pandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthe

mid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTV

reporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaring

forpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.

非限制性定語從句，先行詞是themid-1980s,

并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故用when。

8.（2016全國III卷）,thegreatChinesescholar

Confucius,wholivedfromroughly551to

479B.C.,influeiiced...

非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Confucius,在從

句中作主語，用who。

9.（2015全國I卷）I'dskippednearbyGuilin,

adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestone

mountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver

which/thatarepicturedbyartistsinsomany

Chinesepaintings.

先行詞是topsanddarkwaters,并在從句中作主

語，用which或that。

10.（2014全國I卷）Maybeyouhaveahabit

”姆他atisdrivingyourfamilycrazy.

先行商是habit,并在取句中作主語，用which或

thato

考情分淅

考情：定語從句是語法填空的?？键c(diǎn)，

16套試卷中考了10題。特別是全國I卷，每

年一題，必須重視。語法填空10題中有5題，

是非限制性定語從句，可見非限制性定語從

句是考查的重點(diǎn)。

到目前為止，具體考點(diǎn)有：

1.先行詞是人時(shí)，用Who。如語法填空第2、6和

第8題。

2.先行詞是物時(shí)，用which。如語法填空第3、4、

5、9和第10題。

3.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句用which。如語法填空

第1和第5題。

4.先行詞是表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞，在從句中做

狀語時(shí)，分別用when和where。如語法填空第7

題。

解法：首先判斷是否是定語從句，是限

制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句；然后

看先行詞是人、是物還是整個(gè)主句；再看代

表先行詞的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做何種句子

成分，最后再確定填哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞。

模擬操練

語法填空

1.（2020吉林長春一測）Individualswho/that

throwawaytheirgarbagewithoutbeingsorted

outcanbefi