江蘇省常州禮嘉中學(xué)2018-2019高二下學(xué)期月考英語試卷

禮嘉中學(xué)20182019學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高二年級(jí)英語階段教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研試卷命題人：薛嬌審題人：周征考生注意：本試卷滿分120分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。客觀題答案請(qǐng)用2B鉛筆涂在答題卡上，主觀題用黑色水筆寫在答題卡上。第一部分聽力（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）1HowmuchistheTshirtnow?Ａ$80.B$56.C$24.2Whatdoesthemanthinkofhispresentjob?AChallengingBWellpaidCBoring3Howdoesthemangotoworkeveryday?AOnfoot.BBybus.CBycar.4Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?AToeatwiththeman.BTogivealecture.CTomakeanappointment.5WhatwillthemandoonSaturdayevening?AGocycling.BDocooking.CAttendaparty.聽第六段材料，回答67題。6Whatdoesthemanwanttodothisafternoon?ADohousework.BMeetMrsXu.CHavedinner.7Whenwillthespeakermeetintheafternoon?AAt3:00pm.BAt4:00pm.CAt5:00pm.聽第七段材料，回答89題。8Whereisthemannow?AInalibrary.BAtabookstore.CInasupermarket.9Whatadvicedoesthewomangivethemanatfirst?ABuythebooksonRomancivilization.BCheckoutthebooksonancienthistory.CReadthebooksinthereadingroom.聽第八段材料，回答1012題。10Whatmadethemanhardtokeepupwithhisclass?AHisparttimejob.BHisnegativeattitude.CHispoormemory.11Whydidthemanfeelveryworried?AHedidn’tsleepwell.BHewillhaveexams.CHecouldn’thelpthewoman.12Whatdidthewomansuggestthemando?AQuitthejob.BStopstudying.CStudytogether.聽第九段材料，回答1316題。13What’stheman’shobbynow?ADancing.BClimbingmountains.CSwimming.14Whyisthemansotiredeveryday?AHehassomanyhobbiestodevelop.BHehassomanyteststoprepare.CHeplaysfootballeveryday.15Whatdotheman’sparentsthinkofhishobbies?AHelpful.BUseless.CBoring.16Whatwouldthewomandoifshehadtime?AShewoulddevoteherselftostudying.BShewouldsleepforseveralwholedays.CShewoulddomanythingsexceptstudying.聽第十段材料，回答1720題。17WhathitthetwovillagesinSouthAfrica?AAnearthquake.BAstorm.CAflood.18Howmanypeoplewerekilled?AFourteen.BSeven.COnlyone.19HowwasSmith’schild?AHewassafe.BHewaskilled.CHewasinjured.20WherewasMrSmithwhenthedisasterhappened?AHewasinthebedroom.BHewasinthekitchen.CHewasinhisoffice.第二部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。21._______himselfoftheaddictiontotheonlinegames,theboyhasdifficultycatchingupwithhisclassmates.A.Havingnotrid B.HavingnotbeenridC.Nothavingrid D.Nothavingbeenrid22.Golfisrapidlybeingmorepopular.Nearsometownsandcitiesnewcoursesarebeingbuiltin___________.A.whatisfarmland B.whatfarmlandisC.whatfarmlandwas D.whatwasfarmland23.Whenaskedwhattheywouldvolunteertodo,_____saidtheywerewillingtodosomethingtheycould.A.halfoftheseB.halfofwhichC.halfofwhomD.halfofthem24.Torecognizeandrespectacountry’sownculturedoesnotmeantoclosethedoortoothers,_______tostanduponaprincipleofbeingsuperior.A.anditmeans B.butitmeansC.neitherdoesitmeanD.sodoesitmean25.,butyoudidn’tanswerit.I_____myworkand______abath.A.wasdoing;hadtaken B.haddone;hadtakenC.wasdoing;wastaken D.haddone;wastaking26..—Sharon,whyisthemansoupsetnow?

—Hiswallet,mobilephoneandIDcard______,thepoliceareinvestigatingandwillsendhimtoasocialassistancestation.

A.werestolen B.stolen C.beingstolen D.havingstolen27.Thegovernmenthasbeenundergrowingpressureto______thecausesofairpollutionassmogfrequentlysmothers(使窒息)thecountry’slargecities.A.approveB.sacrificeC.maintainD.address28._______totheInternet,asmanyadolescentsdo,willtosomeextenthaveanegativeeffectontheirmentalandphysicalhealth.A.HavingbeenaddictedB.TobeaddictedC.AddictedD.Beingaddicted29.Thiscourseaimstodevelopstudents'______inoralmunicationwithmuchpracticeindifferentsituations.A.reference B.influence C.petence D.conference30.WhywasProfessorJohnsonunhappythosedays?Theonlyreasonwasthatthetheoryhestuckto______wrong.A.prove B.proving C.proved D.beingproved31.Duringthereconstructionofthecity,manymoderntallbuildingswentup______oldshabbyhousesweretorndown.A.whichB.inwhatC.inwhichD.where32.Followthesetips,andyourtime________doingresearchontheInternet________muchmoreworthwhile.A.isspent;hasbeenB.spent;willbeC.spent;isD.isspent;is33.Asweallknow,hehasregrettedwastingtheprecioustimewhenhe_______studiedhardplayingputergamesatschool.A.shouldhave B.wouldhave C.mighthave D.musthave34.Marketeconomyisapetitiveeconomy,_________Ithink,suppliers,producersanddealersshouldobeymarketrulesanddevelopcooperativerelationbasedonmutualbenefits.A.that B.which C.where D.how35.–Ineedtoadvertiseforaroommatefornextterm?_______?Maryisinterested.A.SowhatB.WhatforC.HoweD.Whybother第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。DearStrangers,Irememberyou.Eighteenmonthsago,whenmycellphonerang,youwerewalkingintoWholeFoods36todoyourgroceryshopping,justasIhadbeenonlyminutesbeforeyou.ButIhadalready37mycartfullofgroceriesintheentryway,formybrotherwasontheotherendofthe38tellingmemyfatherhad39anendtohislifeearlythatmorning.Istartedtocryandscreamasmywholebody40.Ifelltothefloorunderthe41ofwhatIhadjustlearned.Youcouldhavekeptonwalking,42mycries,butyoudidn’t.Youcouldhavesimplystoppedand43mydisplayofpain,butyoudidn’t.Instead,yousurroundedmeasIyelled44mysobs,“Myfatherkilledhimself.He’sdead.”Irememberoneofyouaskedformyphone.Youneededmyhusband’snameasyousearchedthroughmy45.IrememberthatIcouldhearyour46asyoutriedtoreachmyhusbandforme,leavingan47messageforhimtocallme.Irecallhearingyoudiscussamongyourselveswhowoulddrivemehomeinmycarandwhowould48thatpersonbacktothestore.Youdidn’tevenknowoneanother,andyoucamearoundmewiththemon49—tohelp.Inmy50,ItoldyouthatIhadafriendwhoworkedatWholeFoods,andoneofyoubroughthertome.AndIevenrecallasIsatwithher,oneofyou51agiftcardformealstoWholeFoods.Thatgiftcardhelpedto52myfamilywhentheideaofcookingwassofar53myemotionalreach.Ineversawyouafterthat.ButIknowthistobetrue:Becauseyou54outtohelp,youofferedarayoflightinthemost55momentI’veeverexperienced.Iwillnever,everforgetyou.36.A.boundB.preparedC.willingD.determined37.A.recoveredB.abandonedC.pushedD.filled38.A.shopB.queueD.lane39.A.costB.givenC.savedD.put40.A.trembledB.twistedC.hurtD.fell41.A.umbrellaB.controlC.weightD.protection42.A.wipingB.stoppingC.ignoringD.forting43.A.staredatB.lookedatC.glaredatD.glancedat44.A.atB.toC.onD.through45.A.messagesB.photosC.contactsD.agreements46.A.guessesB.repliesC.wordsD.arguments47.A.instantB.urgentC.obviousD.abundant48.A.pickB.sendC.followD.fetch49.A.purposeB.beliefC.interestD.knowledge50.A.snowB.frostC.fogD.wind51.A.tookinB.sentoverC.correspondedtoD.cateredto52.A.treatB.supportC.feedD.keep53.A.withinB.beyondC.betweenD.near54.A.reachedB.turnedC.figuredD.checked55.A.discouragingB.threateningC.surprisingD.demanding第三部分閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AExplorethepossibilityofusingtheiPadAppStoreinteachingAppName:DrawpDrawpisadrawingappwithover200colors,voicerecording,unlimitedartstorageandcoloringpagesdesignedbyleadingartists.TheappallowskidstocreateitemssuchasthankyounotesorbirthdaycardsandevenoffersSimpleShare,whichletskidsshareartworkonTwittersafelyandeasily.AppName:ABCCircusTheapppromisestoteachkidsletterwriting,letternamesandsounds,andletterphonics(語音).Thegameincludesvariousvisualrepresentationsforeachletter,including‘A’forant,‘B’forbear,‘C’forcamelandmore.Theappissimplebutengaging.Kidscantapandpractisetheirletters.Thegamecanalsobecustomized(定制)byteachersandparents,withvariousactivitiesturnedonoroff.AppName:PolarGoFitThisappenablesPEteacherstoviewandmeasuretheirstudents’performanceduringtheclass.BecausetheGoFitappmeasuresheartrateinformation,theteacherscanletthestudentsworkattherightlevelforhimorher.ThePolarGoFitappisdesignedtobeusedwiththepolargofitwebservice.SimplytakeaniPadtoaPEclassandusetheGoFitapptoseehoweachstudentisperforming.AppName:EarthViewerBasedonthelatestscientificresearch,EarthViewerislikeatimemachineforexploringthehistoryoftheearth.Thisappcanhelpstudentsanswerquestionssuchas‘Whatdidtheearth’scontinentsandoceanslooklike250millionyearsago?’or‘Canyousayanythingabouttheearth’sclimateasfarbackasourplanet’sorigin?’56.Whichappcanhelppupilstosharetheirdrawings?A.PolarGoFit B.DrawpC.EarthViewer D.ABCCircus57.WhoaremostfondoftheappEarthViewer?A.Geographyteachersandhistoryteacherswantingtoexploretheearth.B.Theexpertsandtheteacherscuriousaboutthehistoryoftheearth.C.Thosecuriousaboutwhattheearthlookedlike250millionyearsago.D.Theteachersandthestudentscuriousaboutthehistoryoftheearth.BRoboticsurgeryisonething,butsendingarobotinsidethebodytocarryoutanoperationisquiteanother,whichhaslongbeenagoalofsomeresearcherstoproducetinyroboticdevicesbeingcapableoftravelingthroughthebodytodeliverdrugsortomakerepairswithouttheneedforasinglecut,thepossibilityofwhichhasjustgotabitcloser.However,unliketheplotofonefilm—whichfeaturedamicroscopic(微小的)crewandsubmarine(潛艇)travelingthroughascientist’sbloodstream—thisdevicecouldnotbeinsertedintobloodvessels（管）becauseitistoobig.Whileothertypesofminiature(微型的)swallowablerobotshavebeendevelopedinthepast,theirrolehasmostlybeenlimitedtocapturingimagesinsidethebody.InapresentationthisweektotheInternationalConference,DanielaRusandShuheiMiyashitaoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydescribedarobottheyhavedevelopedthatcanbeswallowedandusedtocollectdangerousobjectsaccidentallytakenin.Totesttheirlatestversion,DrRusandDrMiyashitadesignedarobotasabatteryhunter,whichmightseemtobeanodd(奇怪的)task,butmorethan3,500peopleinAmericaalone,mostofthemchildren,swallowthetinybuttoncellsusedinsmallelectronicdevicesbyaccidenteveryyear.Tostartwith,theresearcherscreatedanartificialesophagus（食道）andstomachmadeoutofsilicone(硅膠).Itwascloselymodeledonthatfoundinapigandfilledwithmedicalliquid;therobotitselfismadefromseverallayersofdifferentmaterials,includingpigintestine（腸）,andcontainsalittlemagnet(磁鐵).Thisisfoldedupandencasedina10mm×27mmcapsuleofice.Oncethisreachesthestomachtheicemeltsandtherobotunfoldswhichismovedandguidedwiththeuseofamagneticfieldoutsidethebody.Intheirtests,therobotwasabletotouchabuttonbatteryanddrawitwithitsownmagnet,andduringdraggingitalong,therobotcouldthenbedirectedtowardstheintestineswhereitwouldeventuallybegottenridofthroughtheanus(肛門).Afterit,theresearcherssentinanotherrobotloadedwithmedicationtodeliverittothesiteofthebatteryburntospeeduphealing.Theartificialstomachbeingtransparentononeside,theresearcherswereabletoseethebatteriesandvisuallycontroltherobots.Ifnot,thatwillrequirehelpwiththehelpfromimagingsystem,whichwillbeabitmoreofachallenge,butDrRusandDrMiyashitaaredeterminedtosucceed.58.WelearnfromParagraph3that_________.A.theresearchersdidtheexperimentonachosenanimalB.therobottooknecessarydrugsbesidesalittlemagnetC.theactualsizeoftherobotmaybelargerthanthecapsuleoficeD.digestingtheswallowedbatteriesisdifficultforchildren59.Whatmaytheexperimentmeantothemedicalworld?A.Thesurgerieswillcostpatientsmuchmoney.B.Fewerchildrenwillswallowthebuttoncells.C.Arobotwillbeinventedtravellingbloodvessels.D.Patientswillsufferlessforsomesurgeries.60.Whichcanbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.AnExperimentonRobotB.TheFantasticRoboticVoyageC.TinyRobot,SignificantRoleD.TheExplorationofRobotTechnologyCConventionalwisdomsaysthathardshipcanmakeusbeforeourtime.Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatviolencenotonlyleaveslongtermscarsonchildren'sbodies,butalsochangestheirDNA,causingchangesthatequaltoseventotenyearsofprematureaging(提前衰老).“Scientistsmeasuredthisbystudyingtheendsofchildren'schromosomes(染色體),calledtelomeres.”saysIdanShalev,leadauthorofastudypublishedinMolecularPsychiatry.TelomeresarespecialDNAsequences(序列)whichpreventtheDNAinchromosomesfromseparating.Theygetshortereachtimeacelldivides,untilacellcannotdivideanymoreanddies.Severalfactorshavebeenfoundtoshortentelomeresincludingsmoking,radiation(輻射)andpsychologicalstress,suchasbeingtreatedbadlywhenyoung,andtakingcareofsomeonewhoispermanentlyill.Inthestudy,researchersexaminedwhetherexposureto(暴露于)violencecouldmakechildren'stelomeresshortenfasterthannormal.Theyinterviewedthemothersof236childrenattheagesof5,7and10,askingwhetherthechildrenhadbeenexposedtoviolencebetweenthemotherandherpartner,havingbeentreatedbadlyinaphysicalwaybyanadult,orbullying.Researchersmeasuredthechildren'stelomeres—incellsfromtheircheeks—attheagesof5and10.Telomeresshortenedmorequicklyinchildrenexposedtotwoormoretypesofviolence,saysShalev.Unlesssuchapatternchanges,thestudysuggeststhesechildrencouldbeexpectedtodevelopdiseasesrelatedtoaging,suchasheartattacksormemoryloss,seventotenyearsearlierthanchildrenofthesameage.Shalevsaysthereishopeforthesechildren.Hisstudyfoundthatinsomecases,telomerescanlengthen."Betterexerciseandstressreductionarethreethingsthatmaybeabletolengthentelomeres,”hesays.61.Thenewstudyfoundthat________.A.hardshiphasalongtermeffectonachild'smindB.violenceleavesscarsonachild'smindC.violencecanspeedupachild'sagingD.hardshipcanchangeachild'sDNA62.Accordingtothepassage,telomeres________.A.areattheendsofpeople'schromosomesB.canhelppreventDNAfromseparatingC.canmakeacelldiequicklyD.beeshorterbeforetheydie63.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Violencecancausequickcelldivisioninchildren’sbody.B.Childrenattheagesof5to10aremorelikelytobeexposedtoviolence.C.Beingtreatedbadlywillmakeachild'stelomeresshortenfaster.D.Childrenwhohaveshortertelomeresmayhaveaheartattackearlier.64.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ViolenceAgingChildren’sDNA.B.Children’sChangingDNAPatternsC.ViolenceandTelomeresD.TheFunctionofTelomeresDAreyouadifferentpersonwhenyouspeakaforeignlanguage?That’sjustoneofthequestionstheNewYorker’swriterandnativeNorthCarolinianLaurenCollinsexploresinherautobiography,abouthertougheffortstomasterFrenchaftermarryingaFrenchmanwhosename—Olivier—shecouldn’tevenpronounceproperly.WheninFrenchrangesfromthehumorouslypersonalstorytoadeeperlookatvarioustheoriesoflanguageacquisitionandlinguistics(語言學(xué)).ThecouplemetinLondon“onmoreorlessneutral(中立的)ground:hiscontinent,mylanguage.”ButthebalanceshiftedwhentheymovedtoGenevaforOlivier’swork.ThenormallyvolubleCollinsfoundherselfataloss—“nearlyspeechless.”Thelanguagebarrier,andherdependenceonherhusbandforsimplethingslikebuyingtherightcutofmeatworsenedhermixedfeelingsabout“unlovely,butnotridiculous”Geneva.Shements,“Language,asmuchasland,isaplace.Tobecutofffromitistobe,inasense,homeless.”Hersenseofalienation(疏離感)leadstoanexaminationofAmerica’smiserablerecordwhenitestoforeignlanguages,“LinguistscallAmerica‘thegraveyard(墳?zāi)?oflanguages’becauseofitssingularabilitytotakeinmillionsofimmigrantsandmaketheirnativelanguagesdieoutinafewgenerations,”Collinswrites.EducatedinWilmington,N.C.,andatPrinceton,shecould—likethevastmajorityofAmericans—onlyspeaktheirmothertongue.EightmonthsaftershemovedtoSwitzerland,CollinsgivesuponthenaturalacquisitionoflanguageandfinallyattendsaFrenchcourse.Asshestruggleswithgrammarandvocabulary,Collinsnotessmartlythatvert(green),verre(glass),ver(worm),vers(toward),andvair(squirrel)poseaquintuplehomonym(同形異義).“Althoughit’sdifficult,Frenchcantry”shesays.FrenchisactuallyconsideredamongtheeasiestlanguagesforanEnglishspeakertolearn,especiallyparedtoArabicorMandarinChinese.Collins,whosenotablyrichEnglishvocabularyincludesglossolalia(nonsensespeech)andshibboleth(catchwordorslogan),findsplentyofterrificFrenchwordstolove.Shewrites,“Englishisatrustfund,anunearnedinheritance(遺產(chǎn)),butI’veworkedforeverybitofFrenchI’vebanked.”UnlikeJhumpaLahiri,whobecamesohookedon(對(duì)……著迷)ItalianandusedittowriteInOtherWords,Collins’sgoalsforlearningFrenchweremoremodest,“IwantedtospeakFrenchandtosoundlikeNorthCarolina.”Shealsowantedtobeabletodealwithchimneysweepsandbutchers(肉販),municatewithherinlaws,and“totouchOlivierinhisownlanguage.”SheadmitsthatshefeelsdifferentspeakingFrench,“Itsausterity(樸素)mademefeelmoreconfused.”ReaderslookingfortheromanticsparkofclassiccrossculturallovestoriesfeaturinganoutgoingAmericanandashyFrenchmanwillfindflashesofithere.AmongthemanyculturaldifferencesthecoupleargueoverareherenthusiasticAmericanhabitofapplyingtheverblovetoexpressenthusiasmforshoes,strawberries,andhusbandsalike.Butthere’sfarmoretoCollins’bookthanfantasticedy,andthosewhohaveweathered(經(jīng)受)linguisticcrossingsthemselvestendtofindparticularresonance(共鳴)initsinquiry(查詢，探究)intolanguage,identity,andtransculturaltranslation.Arrangedbychaptersnamedforverbtenses,WheninFrenchworksitswayfromThePastPerfect(Leplusqueparfait)toThePresent(LePrésent)andTheConditional(LeConditionnel).CollinsendsonadelightfulnotewithLeFutur—fittingforanewmotherabouttomovewithherhardwonFrenchhusband,Frenchlanguage,andSwissborndaughtertotheFrenchspeakingcityofherdreams,Paris.65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutWheninFrench?A.ItdescribeshowmostAmericanpeoplelearnFrench.B.Theauthortellsherexperiencesinaseriousway.C.ItintroducesavarietyoftheoriesaboutFrenchlearning.D.Thebookoffersatraditionalwayoflearningaforeignlanguage.66.A.graceful B.talkative C.dependent D.energetic67.WhydoLinguistscallAmerica“thegraveyardoflanguages”?A.BecauseotherlanguagesareprohibitedinAmerica.B.BecauseAmericancultureswallowsupimmigrants’nativelanguagesgradually.C.Becauseimmigrants’nativelanguagescontradictEnglishinAmerica.D.BecauseonlyEnglishspeakingpeoplecanimmigrateintoAmerica.68.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4andParagraph5?A.Collins’EnglishvocabularyknowledgecontributeslittletoherFrenchlearning.B.It’sterrifyingforCollinstohaveFrenchwordsinstoreforpracticaluse.C.ArabicorMandarinChineseareeasiertolearnthanFrenchforEnglishspeakers.D.CollinshasfoundoutsomeeffectivewaysofmasteringFrenchwords.69.TheexampleofJhumpaLahirinthepassageisgiventoshowthat_________.A.CollinsaimsatusingFrenchforherdailylifeB.CollinswantstoapplyFrenchtoserveherwritingC.it’sinappropriateforJhumpaLahirtowriteinanotherlanguageD.foreignlanguagealwaysmakeslearnersfeelplicatedaboutlife70.Whichofthefollowingitemsarementionedbytheauthorofthisbookreview?①thetheme ②thestructure③thepublisher④thepopularity⑤thewritingstyleA.①②④ B.①②⑤ C.②③⑤ D.①③⑤第II卷(非選擇題共35分)第一部分任務(wù)型閱讀(本題包括10小題；每小題1分，共10分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。Aplexcountrywheremodernlifesitsshouldertoshoulderwithpoverty,Indiaisastudyincontrasts.Yetsomemonthreadsrunthroughthecountry,creatingasystemofetiquette(禮儀)andtraditionthatislogicalbutdifficultforfirsttimevisitorstograsp.UnderstandingIndia’scustomsandwaysofinteractingwillhelpyouavoidtheunnecessarybreakofetiquette.SocialOrderIndiahasalonghistoryofrigidsocialorder,definedbya2,000yearoldcaste（種姓）system.Today,castedoesnothavethesameimpactthatitoncedid,butmuchofthesocialandbusinessstructureisrootedinthesystem.Familiesarepaternal（父系的）,withthefatherconsideredtheheadofthehousehold.Corporationsfollowstricthierarchies(階層).Teachersaregreatlyrespectedandconsideredholdersofknowledge.Wheninteracting,theIndianpeoplearealwaysawareoftheirspotinthesocialorder.Introduceyourselftoeldersorhigherrankedofficialsfirst.Acknowledgeeachpersonindividuallyinorderofrank.Mentypicallyshakehandswithmenandwomenwithwomen,butcrossgendertouchingisdiscouraged.BodyLanguageAlthoughnotallIndiansareHindu,asystemofbodypartrankingarisesfromHindubeliefsandiswidelyadoptedthroughoutIndia.Theheadisthemostimportantbodypart,whilethefeetareconsidereddirty.Alwaystakeoffyourshoeswhenenteringsomeone’shome.Touchingsomeoneelse’sfeetisasignofrespectreservedforthemosthonoredelders.Thelefthandisconsideredunclean.Neverpassobjects,eatorsignalwithyourlefthand.Livingincrowdedconditions,mostIndianshaveamuchsmallerdefinitionofpersonalspacethanthoseintheWest.Incidentalphysicalcontactandsustainedeyecontactaremonandshouldnotbetakenpersonally.DiningDressmodestlyformeals,whetherinaprivatehome,restaurantorotherlocation.Alwaysrefusethefirstofferofsnacks,drinksorotherpremealtreats,butacceptthesecondoffer.Attraditionalmeals,womenservethemenandtheneattogetherafterthemen’smealconcludes.InmodernIndia,especiallyatbusinessmeetings,everyoneofteneatstogether.Hierarchiesarestrictlyobserved,withtheguestofhonorservedfirstandeveryoneelseservedbyrank.Serveandeatonlywithyourrighthand.Leavesomefoodonyourplatetoindicateyouweresatisfiedwiththesizeofthemeal.DressCodesIngeneral,Indiaisaconservativecountrywithastrictsenseofmodesty.Femalesolotravelersarerelativelyrareandoftenattractunwantedattention.Minimizethechancesfordisturbancebydressingconservatively.Businesswearingistraditionalandoftenformal,althoughitissometimesmorerelaxedduringhotterweather.Alwayserronthesideofformalityforafirstmeetingandthenfollowyourhosts’leadforsubsequent（隨后的）events.Whentouringtemplesandsacredsites,peoplecan’texposetheirshouldersandlowerbody.Shortsandsleevelessshirtsarediscouragedthroughoutthecountryandareneveracceptableatreligioussites.CustomstoKnowWhenTravelingtoIndiaDifferentaspectsFocusesonthecustomsSocialOrderEventhoughcasteisnotsoinfluentialasitusedtobe,butitstill(71)___________inIndia’ssocialandbusinessstructure.India’ssocietyisclearly(72)_________.Wheninteracting,followtheorderofrank.Itisa(73)_________formantoshakehandswithmanandwomenwithwomen.Remembertoavoidcrossgendertouching.BodyLanguagePeoplethroughoutIndia(74)__________asystemofbodypartranking.Theheadisconsideredmostimportantwhilethefeetarethoughttobedirty.Rememberto(75)____shoeswhenenteringsomeone’shouse.Lefthandsarethoughttobeunclean.Avoid(76)__________themonsocialoccasions.Physicalcontactandsustainedeyecontactcan’tbe(77)__________sometimes.Nevertakeitpersonally.DiningAttraditionalmeals,womenserveandtheneattogetherafterthemen’smeal(78)__________.InmodernIndia,everyoneofteneatstogether,butwasstrictlyservedbyrank.DressCodesDressingconservativelycanhelptoavoidmanytroubles.Onbusiness(79)_______,traditionalandformalwearsarepreferred.Whentouringtemplesandsacredsites,onehavetokeepshouldersandlowerbody(80)____________.Shortsandsleevelessshirtsarediscourageda