2023《微專題小練習(xí)》英語新教材練習(xí)58閱讀理解＋讀后續(xù)寫

練習(xí)58閱讀理解＋讀后續(xù)寫Ⅰ.閱讀理解A2022·全國乙卷說明文300詞★★★★☆TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設(shè)施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.1．Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A．Tocollectmoneyforschools.B．Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C．Toprotectchildren'shealth.D．Toencourageresearchineducation.2．Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A．Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B．Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C．Theycutdownontheirproduction.D．Thereducedtheirproducts'sugarcontent.3．Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A．Mostalcoholicdrinks.B．Milk-baseddrinks.C．Fruitjuices.D．ClassicCoke.4．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A．Itisashort-sighteddecision.B．Itisasuccessstory.C．Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D．Itupsetscustomers.B2022·全國乙卷說明文307詞★★★★☆Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.5．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B．Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D．Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.6．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety.B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair.D．Constructionofinfrastructure.7．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning.B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D．Toacceleratetransportation.8．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailwaysⅡ.讀后續(xù)寫[2022·煙臺市高考診斷性測試]閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。AnanxiouscallcameintoJimmyGilleece'sbar.Anewlymarriedwoman,whohadspenttheafternoonatthebar,couldn'tfindherwallet.Shedidn'tcareaboutherID,creditcards,or$150incash—butherweddingringwasinside.Gilleecedidn'tliketheideathatatheftcouldhaveoccurredathisplace.Sohesetouttolookforthewallet.Hespenthourslookingthroughsecuritycameravideos,watchingthewoman'severystepinthebaruntilshewenttositonabenchoutsideandleftwhenherridearrived.Withinminutes,ayoungmanapproachedthebench,slippedsomethingintohispocket,andwalkedoff.Gilleecepostedaclip(片斷)onthebar'swebsite.“Ididn'twanttopunishhim，”hesaid.“Ijustaskedifanybodyknewwhotheguywas.”Withinhours,Gilleecegotatextfrom17-year-oldPrather,whoadmittedhavingtakenthewalletandtoldGilleecehe'ddoneitbecausehehadn'teatenintwodays.Hesaidhesawtheringbutthoughtitwasfake(假的),sohetookthemoneyandthrewthewalletoffthedock(碼頭)intotheocean.Thenheboughtasandwich.Gilleece,unsurewhetherhebelievedPrather,toldtheteentomeethimatthedock,wheretheygottalkingandPratherrevealedthathewasn'tgettingalongwithhisfamilyandhadbeenlivinginthewoodsforaweek.JudgingfromPrather'ssmallbodyandredcheeks,Gilleecesawhimforwhathewas:moreofakidthanacriminal.Butthepolicewerealreadyonthecase,andbecauseofthemissingring,Prathercouldbefacingcharges.“Hewouldbegoingtobigboyprison.Ihavetohelphimsomehow，”Gilleecethought.注意：1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請按如下格式作答。GilleecepaidtwodiverstosearchthewaterswherePratherhadthrownthewallet.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thensuddenlyadivercameuptothesurfaceofthewater.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答題策略語法填空——詞語辨析常見詞語辨析①many修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；much修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞②“時間段＋ago”相對現(xiàn)在多久以前；“時間段＋before”相對過去多久以前③some用于肯定句；any用于疑問句和否定句④so與very均可修飾形容詞或副詞的原級，much多修飾比較級，verymuch修飾動詞⑤ever“從來，在任何時候，曾經(jīng)”；never“從來不”⑥latest為形容詞，意為“最新的”；later作副詞表示“較晚地；后來”，與表示時間的詞連用，表示“……之后”⑦beside為介詞，表示“在……旁邊”；besides為副詞，表示“除此以外(還)”⑧usedtodosth.“過去常常做某事”；beusedtodoingsth.“習(xí)慣于做某事”⑨no相當(dāng)于nota或notany；not否定動詞練習(xí)58閱讀理解＋讀后續(xù)寫Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及青少年的健康問題，同時該收入用于學(xué)校體育。1．答案與解析：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.(該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖)”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖，保護兒童健康。故選C項。2．答案與解析：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.(此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅)”可知，一些飲料公司通過降低了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來避稅。故選D項。3．答案與解析：D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因為擔(dān)心會惹惱消費者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的)”可知，糖稅主要來自經(jīng)典可口可樂這些高糖品牌。故選D項。4．答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.(根據(jù)一位政府官員的說法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊)”可推斷，糖稅政策的實施是一個成功的政策。故選B項。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。5．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(無人機已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點的正確位置)”可推知，無人機在高空工作的能力使無人機應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A。6．答案與解析：C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure(檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C項：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。7．答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(帶有先進傳感器和人工智能的非常小的無人機可以像副駕駛一樣在火車前面行駛。憑借他們的預(yù)見能力，他們可以發(fā)出任何問題的信號，以便快速行駛的火車能夠及時做出反應(yīng)。)”可知對于無人機期待的功能是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)問題做出預(yù)警。故選A。8．答案與解析：D主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群無人機能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技