山西省部分學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（含答案解析）

2023～2024學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高三開學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語考生注意：1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內(nèi)項目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時，請將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑;非選擇題請用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。4.本卷命題范圍：高考范圍。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhatwillthespeakersdoonThursday?A.PlayfootballB.Watchamovie.C.Gohiking.2.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Placeanorder,B.SelectastyleC.Buyabaseball3.Whichcityisbestknownforitsbuildingsaccordingtothewoman?A.Paris.B.Madrid.C.Venice4.WhatisTomgoingtobuy?A.Acupofcoffee.BSomedessert.C.Abook.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Salesmanandclient.C.Coworkers.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Washinghishands.B.Repairingacar.C.Comfortingthewoman.7.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Sad.B.Hesitant.C.Confident.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatdoesthemansayaboutStevenJohnson?A.Heseemstobeexperienced.B.Heisgoodatcommunicating.CHeisabiginternationaltrader.9.Whenwillthewomanbeoutoftown?A.Tomorrow.B.Nextweek.C.Twoweekslater.10.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Ajobcandidate.B.AtravelplanC.Anewworkmate.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatwillthemandoonMonday?A.Packhisbelongings.B.Attendameeting.C.Starthisnewposition.12.Whatisthemanbusydoingnow?A.Movingtohisnewoffice.B.Preparingforaninterview.C.Lookingforofficesupplies.13.Whatdoesthemanneed?A.Anexpensereport.B.Someboxesandtapes.C.Afewcards.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Wherewilltheeventtakeplace?A.Inacoffeeshop.B.Atamusichall.C.Inapark.15.Whydidthewomanchoosetheplace?A.Itcanattractmoreattention.B.It’sfamily-friendly.C.Itprovidesfreefood.16.Whatisthepurposeoftheevent?A.Tohearsomelivemusic.B.Tohelpananimalshelter.C.Tohavesomefamilyfun.17.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Organizesomeactivities.B.Contributesomemoney.C.Contactsomebands.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhywasthespeakerinterestedinArabic?A.ShehadtostudyinCairo.B.Shewasinspiredbyherteacher.C.ShewouldliveintheMiddleEast.19.WhatwasthebiggestchallengeforthespeakertolearnArabic?A.Findingalivingplace.B.Gettingusedtotheculture.C.Learningthewrittenandspokenforms.20.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofherexperienceinCairo?A.Rewarding.B.Awkward.C.Awful.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ALastweek,fourspeakersshared,attheSkollWorldForum,whytheyfindthemselvessmilinginspiteofeverything.AvaDuvernayIdon’tbelievethatalloftheproblemsarehappeningtous.Ibelievethey’rehappeningforus.LonnieHolleyisawonderfulartistwhouseswastematerialtocreateartworks.Hesaysweshouldn’tthinkofitasgarbage.Rather,itcanbeturnedintosomethingnew.MahaliHlasaIlovemyfamily.Iwasbroughtupinaveryclosefamily.Ofcoursewefight,butwealsolaughtogether.Weshareallthejoysandthepainsandfindcomfortinthat.WhenIwanttobehappy,myfamilyisalwaysthereforme.WiththesepeoplewhoIlove,IknowthatIamsafe.RodrigoParisRojasIfindoptimisminvillagesandslums(貧民窟).That’sbecausedespitethedifficultenvironmentaroundthem,theystillcometogetherandcelebrateatdifferenttimesofyear.Theybringsomanysmilesandsomuchjoy.WhenIseethat,Isay,“Ihavemoremoneyandmoreeducationthanthem,butthey’rewayhappierthanme.”SoIfindoptimisminthosewaysofcelebratinglifeandbuildingcommunity.EdgardGouveiaJr.I’vefoundoptimismamongkids—Black,white,poor,rich.Theyplay.Theyenjoylife.Theyconnect.It’sonlylaterthattheylearnaboutdifferencesandstarttobehavedifferently.ButwhenIseehowtheyinteractaschildren,it’sallaboutplayfulness.Evenduringwartimesorinverypoorneighborhoods,Iseekidsfindingwaystocreatejoyamongthemselves.1.WhatisLonnieHolley?A.Anartist.B.Aconsultant.C.Ateacher.D.Awastecollector.2.WhatdidMahaliHlasastressinthespeechattheSkollWorldForum?A.Charityandvoluntarywork.B.Positivethinkingandcreativity.C.Moneyandcomfortablelife.D.Familylifeandcloserelationship.3.WhatdidEdgardGouveiaJr.mostlikelymean?A.Don’tsendchildrentoschools.B.Trytogrowupasslowlyaspossible.C.Beingplayfulisstillimportantinadultlife.D.Itisnecessarytohelpkidsaffectedbywars.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四位發(fā)言人在斯科爾世界論壇上分享的他們?yōu)楹文軌蛎鎸σ磺欣Ь橙员３謽酚^態(tài)度的原因。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AvaDuvernay部分中“LonnieHolleyisawonderfulartistwhouseswastematerialtocreateartworks.(朗尼·霍利是一位了不起的藝術(shù)家，他用廢料創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)品)”可知，朗尼·霍利是一位藝術(shù)家。故選A項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MahaliHlasa部分中“Ilovemyfamily.(我愛我的家人)”和“WiththesepeoplewhoIlove,IknowthatIamsafe.(和我愛的人在一起，我知道我是安全的)”可知，馬哈利·哈拉薩在斯科爾世界論壇的演講中強調(diào)了家庭生活和親密關(guān)系。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)EdgardGouveiaJr.部分中“Theyplay.It’sonlylaterthattheylearnaboutdifferencesandstarttobehavedifferently.ButwhenIseehowtheyinteractaschildren,it’sallaboutplayfulness.Evenduringwartimesorinverypoorneighborhoods,Iseekidsfindingwaystocreatejoyamongthemselves.(他們玩耍。直到后來，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)到差異，才開始表現(xiàn)得不同。但當(dāng)我看到他們小時候是如何互動時，發(fā)現(xiàn)都與玩耍有關(guān)。即使在戰(zhàn)爭時期或在非常貧困的社區(qū)，我也看到孩子們找到了在他們之間創(chuàng)造快樂的方法)”可知，小埃德加·古維亞認為玩耍是保持快樂的方法，由此推知，他可能的意思是在成年人的生活中，保持童心，盡情玩耍仍然很重要。故選C項。BMomentsago,asealwasrestingonapieceoffloatingicedeepinanAntarcticchannel.Thenthreehungrykillerwhalesappeared.Whenthesealnoticedthem,itwasalreadysurrounded.Onthissheetofseaice,thenearlythousand-poundsealwouldbeunreachableformostofhisenemiesinnature.Butthesekillerwhaleshadmasteredahuntingtechniquecalledwavewashing:workingtogethertoturnwaterintoaweapon.Havingidentifiedtheirtarget,thekillerwhalesformedabattlelineandstartedrushingtowardtheice.Justbeforereachingit,theyrolledtotheirsidesinasingle,synchronized(同步的)motion.Thewavetheycreatedwassopowerfulthatitfloodedtheicesheetandwashedthefrightenedsealclosetotheedgeoftheicesheet.Slowlyandmethodically,theyrepeatedtheattack.Atthethirdtime,thewavesentthehelplesssealflyingintothesea.Itstruggledtoclimbontoapieceofice,butthendisappearedfromview...“Thelevelofintelligencethatwentintomakingeachwavewasstaggering.Theysolvedtheproblemwithverycomplexteamwork.Theyusedwaterasatool,”saidwildlifefilmmakerBertieGregory,whohadspentadecadetrackingthosekillerwhales,knownasBls.“Irarelysawfailedhunts.Thisbehaviorwasnotwhattheywerebornwith.Itwaslearnedandmasteredoverdecades.Everytimetheymadewaves,italmostfeltlikemoreofateachingexperiencethanhunting.Itwasterrifyingtowatch.”ButasAntarcticawarmsandseaicedisappears,sealsareincreasinglystayingonland,outofkillerwhales’reach.“I’vefoundBlsarelosingabout5percentoftheirpopulationeveryyear.Whetherthissubgroupwillgoextinctorjustadapttheirbehavior,Idon’tknow,”saidGregory.“Butwithfeweropportunitiesforthekillerwhalestowavewash,I’mseeinganextinctionofaculture.”4.Howdidthekillerwhalesgetthesealontheicesheet?A.Bymakinghugewaves. B.Byjumpingontotheicesheet.C.Bydestroyingtheicesheet. D.Bywaitingunderwaterpatiently.5.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“staggering”underlinedinparagraph4?A.Puzzling. B.Shocking. C.Satisfying. D.Annoying.6.WhatisBertieGregorymostworriedabout?A.Thesealsandkillerwhales. B.Therisingsealevel.C.Thelossofahuntingskill. D.Thedisappearedicesheet.7.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewavewashingbehavior?A.Itisanaturalbehaviorwithwhales. B.Usually,thesmartestwhalescanlearnit.C.Itcanbecarriedoutbyonewhalealone. D.Perhaps,itisonlymasteredbycertaingroups.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要記錄了一群虎鯨通過制造巨浪捕殺浮冰上的海豹的過程?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Atthethirdtime,thewavesentthehelplesssealflyingintothesea.Itstruggledtoclimbontoapieceofice,butthendisappearedfromview...(第三次，海浪把無助的海豹沖進了海里。它掙扎著爬上一塊冰，但隨后就從視野中消失了。)”可知，虎鯨是通過制造巨浪得到冰原上的海豹。故選A?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itstruggledtoclimbontoapieceofice,butthendisappearedfromview...(它掙扎著爬上一塊冰，但隨后就從視野中消失了。)”及畫線詞后“Theysolvedtheproblemwithverycomplexteamwork.Theyusedwaterasatool,”saidwildlifefilmmakerBertieGregory,whohadspentadecadetrackingthosekillerwhales,knownasBls.“Irarelysawfailedhunts.Thisbehaviorwasnotwhattheywerebornwith.Itwaslearnedandmasteredoverdecades.Everytimetheymadewaves,italmostfeltlikemoreofateachingexperiencethanhunting.Itwasterrifyingtowatch.”(他們通過非常復(fù)雜的團隊合作解決了這個問題。他們把水當(dāng)作工具，”野生動物制片人伯蒂·格雷戈里說，他花了十年時間追蹤這些虎鯨，被稱為Bls。“我很少看到狩獵失敗。這種行為不是他們生來就有的。它是經(jīng)過幾十年學(xué)習(xí)和掌握的。每次他們掀起波瀾，感覺更像是一次教學(xué)經(jīng)歷，而不是打獵?？粗鎳樔??！?”可推斷，BertieGregory對這群虎鯨的智商及捕殺技術(shù)水平之高感到震驚，甚至有些恐懼。A.Puzzling令人困惑的；B.Shocking令人震驚的；C.Satisfying令人滿意的；D.Annoying令人煩惱的。故可用shocking來替換畫線詞。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Butwithfeweropportunitiesforthekillerwhalestowavewash,I’mseeinganextinctionofaculture.”(“但隨著虎鯨海浪的機會越來越少，我看到的是一種文化的滅絕?！?”可知，BertieGregory最擔(dān)心的是這群虎鯨的滅絕會導(dǎo)致這項“祖?zhèn)髅丶笔鳌９蔬xC?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thisbehaviorwasnotwhattheywerebornwith.Itwaslearnedandmasteredoverdecades.Everytimetheymadewaves,italmostfeltlikemoreofateachingexperiencethanhunting.(這種行為不是他們生來就有的。它是經(jīng)過幾十年學(xué)習(xí)和掌握的。每次他們掀起波瀾，感覺更像是一次教學(xué)經(jīng)歷，而不是打獵。)”及最后一段““I’vefoundBlsarelosingabout5percentoftheirpopulationeveryyear.Whetherthissubgroupwillgoextinctorjustadapttheirbehavior,Idon’tknow,”saidGregory.“Butwithfeweropportunitiesforthekillerwhalestowavewash,I’mseeinganextinctionofaculture.”(“我發(fā)現(xiàn)Bls每年損失大約5%的數(shù)量。我不知道這個亞群是否會滅絕，或者只是適應(yīng)他們的行為?！薄暗S著虎鯨海浪的機會越來越少，我看到的是一種文化的滅絕?！?”可推斷，這種捕獵行為可能只在特定的虎鯨家族中流傳。故選D。CInChina,teahasbecomeanimportantpartofeverydaylifeforthousandsofyears.Asthetea-processingmethodsandteaculturehaveevolvedovertheyears,teasetshavealsochangedtomeetthepracticalandculturalneeds.DuringtheTangDynasty(618~907AD),tealeavesweretradedacrossthecountryandAsia.Fortheconvenienceoftransportationandstorage,tealeaveswerepressedintobricks.Topreparetea,drinkershadtocutthemintosmallpiecesandboiltheminheat-resistantteapots.BytheSongDynasty(960-1279),drinkersstartedtoturnthehardbricksintopowders(粉末)thatcouldbewhipped(攪打)inacupwithboiledwater.ThiswhippedteaismostcommonlyassociatedwithJapaneseteaceremoniestoday.Bythe1500s,teabricksgavewaytotheformofrolledleaves.Thisinnovationledtotheinventionanduseofteapotsasweknowthemtoday.TheseteapotsoriginallycamefromtheYiXingregionofChinaandweresooncopiedthroughouttheworld.ThenJapaneseteapot-makersmovedthehandlefromthesidetothetopoftheteapots.TeafinallyreachedEuropeinthe1600s,alongwiththenecessaryteasetsmadeinJapanandChina.AsEnglishteapot-makersbegantoadapttheteasetstotheircountrymen’stastes,theyeventuallyaddedahandletotheteabowlbecauseoftheEnglishhabitofdrinkinghotblacktea,whichwasconsumedathighertemperatures.Thesizeofteacupsalsogrewtoaccommodatemilkandsugarintheirtea.Bytheearly1900s,innovationsinteadrinkingbecameanAmericanaffair.Themostrevolutionaryonewastheteabag,whichwasaccidentallycommercializedbyThomasSullivan.Hehadbeensendingcustomersteawrappedinsilkbags.Ratherthantaketheleavesoutofthebags,asSullivanintended,thecustomersputthebagsintotheirteapotsinstead.Notonlydidtheteabagspushtheteapotbacktothesidelinesofteaservice,theywerealsotoolargeforteacupsandledtothemodernpracticeofdrinkingteafrommugs.8.WhichwasusedtomakethewhippedteainJapan?A.Rolledtealeaves. B.Freshlypickedtealeaves.C.Powderedtealeaves. D.Looselypressedtealeaves.9.WhichinnovationwasfirstintroducedbytheBritish?A.Teabagsandmugs. B.Teabowlswithhandles.C.Heat-resistantteapots. D.Teapotswithtophandles.10.WhatcanwelearnfromThomasSullivan’sstory?A.Customersareverycreative. B.Innovationsarerelativelyeasy.C.Marketingstrategyiscritical. D.Goodideascanbebornbyaccident.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheDevelopmentofTeaSets B.VarietiesofTeaLeavesC.VariousTea-makingMethods D.TheSpreadofTeaTrades【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了茶具的演進。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章三段“BytheSongDynasty(960-1279),drinkersstartedtoturnthehardbricksintopowders(粉末)thatcouldbewhipped(攪打)inacupwithboiledwater.ThiswhippedteaismostcommonlyassociatedwithJapaneseteaceremoniestoday.(到了宋朝(960-1279)，飲茶者開始把這種堅硬的磚塊變成粉末，可以在一個杯子里用開水?dāng)嚢?。這種攪打過的茶在今天的日本茶道中最常見。)”可知，日本點茶用的是茶的粉末。故選C。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“AsEnglishteapot-makersbegantoadapttheteasetstotheircountrymen’stastes,theyeventuallyaddedahandletotheteabowlbecauseoftheEnglishhabitofdrinkinghotblacktea,whichwasconsumedathighertemperatures.(隨著英國的茶具制造商開始根據(jù)英國人的口味調(diào)整茶具，他們最終在茶碗上加了一個把手，因為英國人習(xí)慣喝熱紅茶，這種茶要在較高的溫度下飲用。)”可知，帶有把手的茶碗是英國人最先提出的創(chuàng)新。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Themostrevolutionaryonewastheteabag,whichwasaccidentallycommercializedbyThomasSullivan.(最具革命性的是茶包，它被托馬斯·沙利文意外地商業(yè)化了。)”可推斷，有的創(chuàng)意是偶然的。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Asthetea-processingmethodsandteaculturehaveevolvedovertheyears,teasetshavealsochangedtomeetthepracticalandculturalneeds.(隨著多年來茶葉加工方法和茶文化的發(fā)展，茶具也發(fā)生了變化，以滿足實用和文化的需要。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講茶具的衍變，A項“茶具的發(fā)展”適合作文章標題。故選A。DInrecentyears,itseemsthatweareslowlycomingtounderstandthatanimalslikeelephants,monkeysandpigshavenotjustbrains,butcomplicatedinnerandsociallivesthankstoscientificadvancesinourunderstandingofanimalminds.Yetthatawarenesshasn’tmadeitselffelttomuchgreaterdegreeinourclosestrelationshipwithanimals:atthedinnertable.WithPersonalitiesonthePlate,BarbaraKingasksustothinkhardaboutourmeateatingandhowwemightreduceit.Kingdoesnotcriticize.Instead,shetakesuschapterbychapteronacook’stourofanimalswehumanseat,frominsectstopigsanddogs,whileexploringthelatestscientificdiscoveriesabouttheirintelligenceandfeelingsthatwehumansoftenwronglyclaimuniquelyforourselves.Builtonamixoffirsthandexperienceandcloseengagementwiththeworkofscientists,farmersandchefs,PersonalitiesonthePlatehassuccessfullybuiltacaseforthemasbeingsthatdeservemorethanatripdownourstomachs.Withhumorandtalesofanimalsactingasindividualsexpressingtheiremotions,PersonalitiesonthePlatetakesusonanunforgettablejourneythroughtheworldofanimalsweeat.“Thisthoughtfulbookisnotaboutwhetherwe‘should’or‘shouldn’t’eatmeat.BarbaraKinglooksattherangeofvaluesandconsequencessurroundingfarmingandfeastingandatwhoweareconsideringeating,”saysCarlSafina,authorofBeyondWords:WhatAnimalsThinkandFeel.“Herbookgivesmearicherunderstanding.Hermethodandpassionareeffective.IendedthebookagreeingthatIcan—andshould—helpthesecreaturesandourenvironmentbychoosingtoeatfewerofthemornoneatall.”12.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthefirstparagraph?A.Lotsofpeopleplantostopeatingmeat.B.Meatconsumptionshouldbeincreased.C.Scientistsshoulddomoretoprotectanimals.D.Ourdietishardlyinfluencedbyourknowledge.13.WhatcanweknowaboutPersonalitiesonthePlate?A.Itopenlyopposesmeateating. B.Itiswrittenbyscientistsandchefs.C.Itincludeshumorousandvividstories. D.Itdeniesanimals’intelligenceandfeelings.14.WhatdoesCarlSafinasayaboutKing’sbook?A.Itsmethodistoosubjective. B.Itsconclusionisconvincing.C.Thebookistightlyorganized. D.Theevidencesarecontradictory.15.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toreviewabook. B.Torecommendanauthor.C.Topromoteadiet. D.Toadvocateanimals’rights.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。作者主要介紹了BarbaraKing的新作——PersonalitiesonthePlate?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Yetthatawarenesshasn’tmadeitselffelttomuchgreaterdegreeinourclosestrelationshipwithanimals:atthedinnertable.(然而，在我們與動物最親密的關(guān)系中，即在餐桌上，這種意識并沒有得到更大程度的感受)”可知，盡管我們對動物的認知有很大的進步，但這并沒有影響我們吃肉的胃口。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Withhumorandtalesofanimalsactingasindividualsexpressingtheiremotions,PersonalitiesonthePlatetakesusonanunforgettablejourneythroughtheworldofanimalsweeat.(通過幽默和動物個體表達情感的故事，PersonalitiesonthePlate帶我們踏上了一段難忘的旅程，穿越我們吃的動物的世界)”可知，PersonalitiesonthePlate一書包括幽默和生動的故事。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“IendedthebookagreeingthatIcan—andshould—helpthesecreaturesandourenvironmentbychoosingtoeatfewerofthemornoneatall.(讀完這本書后，我同意我可以——也應(yīng)該——通過選擇少吃或不吃這些動物來幫助這些生物和我們的環(huán)境)”可推斷，CarlSafina認為這本書的結(jié)論是令人信服的。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中“Kingdoesnotcriticize.Instead,shetakesuschapterbychapteronacook’stourofanimalswehumanseat(King從不批評。相反，她一章一章地帶我們?nèi)ヅ腼內(nèi)祟愂秤玫膭游?”、第三段中“Withhumorandtalesofanimalsactingasindividualsexpressingtheiremotions(通過幽默和動物個體表達情感的故事)”以及第四段中“Herbookgivesmearicherunderstanding.Hermethodandpassionareeffective.(她的書給了我更豐富的理解。她的方法和熱情是有效的)”可知，作者主要在評價BarbaraKing的新作。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Smalltalksaretheshortconversationswehaveatparties,atfamilyeventsoratwork.Thesesmalltalkscanopendoorsthatleadtolarger,moremeaningfulconversations.____16____.Herearesometipsforthemtoimprovetheirsmall-talkingability.Havesomeconversationstartersready.Ifyouhaveseenareallygoodmovieorhavereadareallygoodbook,youcantalkaboutthat.Youcanalsotalkaboutsomethingthatbothofyouareinterestedin.____17____,itwillbeaverygoodconversationstarter.Oryousimplynoticeandcommentonwhat’sgoingonaroundyou.Ifyouareatapartyandasongcomesonthatyoulikeorthatremindsyouofsomething,youcantalkaboutthat.____18____.Nobodyknowseverything.So,ifsomeonebringsupsomethingaboutwhichyouknownothing,justtellthem!Thisletstheotherpersonbecometheteacher.Theyfeelgoodaboutsharingtheirknowledgeandyougettolearnsomething.It’sawin-winsituation.Askopen-endedquestions.____19____.Ifyouaskquestionsthatneedmoredetailstoanswer,theconversationwillgoonlonger.Forexample,ifyouareatasummerpoolparty,don’taskapersoniftheylikesummer.____20____.A.BecomeastudentB.BeaknowledgeablepersonC.IfyoucanreachanagreementbeneficialtobothofyouD.However,manypeoplearenotgoodatsuchrandomchatsE.Instead,askthemwhattheylikeordislikeaboutsummerF.Thesetypesofquestionsrequiremorethanasingle-wordanswerG.Forexample,ifyouhavethesamehobbyorexperiencewithsomeone【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.F20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了閑聊的重要性以及閑聊的一些建議?！?6題詳解】上文“Thesesmalltalkscanopendoorsthatleadtolarger,moremeaningfulconversations.(這些小談話可以打開通往更大、更有意義的對話的大門。)”說明小談話有很多好處，與選項D“然而，許多人不擅長這種隨意聊天”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同時引出下文“Herearesometipsforthemtoimprovetheirsmall-talkingability.(這里有一些建議可以幫助他們提高閑聊的能力。)”，D項符合題意。故選D項?！?7題詳解】下文“itwillbeaverygoodconversationstarter.(它是一個很好的談話開始。)”說明它是一個很好的談話開始的前提是雙方有共同的話題。選項G“例如，如果你和某人有相同的愛好或經(jīng)歷”引出下文，是下文內(nèi)容的條件。故選G項?！?8題詳解】下文“Nobodyknowseverything.So,ifsomeonebringsupsomethingaboutwhichyouknownothing,justtellthem!Thisletstheotherpersonbecometheteacher.(沒有人知道一切。所以，如果有人提出了一些你一無所知的事情，就告訴他們吧！這讓對方成為老師。)”說明如果自己有不知道的事情，讓對方成為老師，自己就變成一名學(xué)生。選項A“成為一名學(xué)生”引出下文，是對下文的概括，為本段的主題句。故選A項?！?9題詳解】上文“Askopen-endedquestions.(問開放式的問題。)”說明提出開放性的問題，這種問題的答案不止一個詞，選項F“這些類型的問題需要的答案不止一個詞”呼應(yīng)上文開放性問題，是對上文的進一步解釋。故選F項?！?0題詳解】上文“Askopen-endedquestions.(問開放式的問題。)”以及“Forexample,ifyouareatasummerpoolparty,don’taskapersoniftheylikesummer.(例如，如果你在一個夏季泳池派對上，不要問一個人是否喜歡夏天。)”說明在夏季泳池派對上，不要問別人是否喜歡夏天這樣的問題，而是要問開放性的問題。選項E“而是問他們喜歡或不喜歡夏天的什么”呼應(yīng)上文，是對上文的進一步補充。故選E項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Foryears,secretgiftshadbeenaholidayessentialinStephanieLevinson’sclassroomatSanFernandoElementarySchoolinLosAngelesCounty.Ateacherina___21___neighborhood,Levinsonknewthatheryoungstudentsleda___22___life—somewerehomelessandotherslivedingarages.Soeveryholidayseasonshe___23___tobringthekidssomesmallgifts—apackofcrayons,apencil,orsomething.Thensomethingunexpectedhappened,andthedistrict___24___onlinelearning.Itopenedtheeducators’eyestomanyother___25___theirstudentsfaced.Someattendedvirtualclassesfrommotel(汽車旅館)roomswheretheirfamiliesweretemporarily___26___,andsometookclassesintheplaceswheretheirparentsworked.Whenthetemperaturedropped,Levinsonbegantohearacommon___27___.“Theytoldmetheywerecold,”shesaid.Levinsonknewshehadtodosomething.Butwithherlimited___28___howcouldshepossiblykeepallherstudents___29___?SoshecreatedawishlistonAmazon:ablanketforeachofher24studentsto___30___thecold.Shemadeaheartfelt___31___totheresidentsoftherichneighborhood.Fiveminuteslatershegotatextfromaneighbor.“I’mlookingatyourwishlist,”the___32___read,“butthere’snothingthere.”Feelingpuzzled,Levinson___33___theAmazopage.Justlikethat,infiveminutes,herneighborshadfinishedthe___34___!Christmascomesonceayear,but___35___knowsnocalendar.Inthedaysthatfollowed,Levinsoncreatedmorewishlists,andtherewerealwaysgenerousdonors.21.A.separate B.disadvantaged C.big D.dangerous22.A.busy B.full C.hard D.quiet23.A.managed B.agreed C.expected D.needed24.A.thoughtof B.appliedfor C.putoff D.switchedto25.A.responsibilities B.threats C.difficulties D.changes26.A.sheltering B.buying C.running D.decorating27.A.practice B.interest C.goal D.complaint28.A.experience B.money C.time D.space29.A.safe B.active C.warm D.brave30.A.tolerate B.enjoy C.sense D.fight31.A.apology B.appeal C.welcome D.invitation32.A.message B.report C.notice D.letter33.A.reopened B.corrected C.recommended D.separated34.A.promise B.duty C.wish D.function35.A.waiting B.learning C.resting D.giving【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.C26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D31.B32.A33.A34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章通過敘述StephanieLevinson老師在洛杉磯縣SanFernando小學(xué)的教學(xué)經(jīng)歷，展現(xiàn)了她如何通過秘密禮物為學(xué)生們帶去溫暖和關(guān)愛，以及在在線學(xué)習(xí)背景下所面臨的新的挑戰(zhàn)和解決辦法?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：萊文森是一個貧困社區(qū)的老師，她知道自己的年輕學(xué)生過著艱苦的生活——有的無家可歸，有的住在車庫里。A.separate分開的；B.disadvantaged弱勢的；C.big大的；D.dangerous危險的。根據(jù)后文“somewerehomelessandotherslivedingarages.”可知，社區(qū)里有的無家可歸，有的住在車庫里，所以是一個弱勢的社區(qū)。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：萊文森是一個貧困社區(qū)的老師，她知道自己的年輕學(xué)生過著艱苦的生活——有的無家可歸，有的住在車庫里。A.busy忙碌的；B.full滿的；C.hard艱難的；D.quiet安靜的。根據(jù)后文“somewerehomelessandotherslivedingarages.”可知，社區(qū)里有的無家可歸，有的住在車庫里，所以是過著艱苦的生活。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以每個節(jié)日她都會設(shè)法給孩子們帶來一些小禮物——一包蠟筆、一支鉛筆或其他東西。A.managed設(shè)法做到；B.agreed同意；C.expected預(yù)期；D.needed需要。根據(jù)前文“Foryears,secretgiftshadbeenaholidayessentialinStephanieLevinson’sclassroom”可知，秘密禮物一直是節(jié)日必不可少的，所以是她設(shè)法給孩子們帶來一些小禮物。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：后來發(fā)生了意想不到的事情，于是這個學(xué)區(qū)改用了在線學(xué)習(xí)。A.thoughtof思考；B.appliedfor申請；C.putoff推遲；D.switchedto切換到。根據(jù)前文“Thensomethingunexpectedhappened”以及后文“onlinelearning”可知，應(yīng)是“發(fā)生了意想不到的事情，于是這個學(xué)區(qū)改用了在線學(xué)習(xí)”符合語境。故選D項。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它使教育工作者看到了他們的學(xué)生面臨的許多其他困難。A.responsibilities責(zé)任；B.threats威脅；C.difficulties困難；D.changes改變。根據(jù)后文“Someattendedvirtualclassesfrommotel(汽車旅館)roomswheretheirfamiliesweretemporarily6,andsometookclassesintheplaceswheretheirparentsworked.”可知，有些人在汽車旅館上課，有些在父母工作的地方上課，所以是學(xué)生面臨的困難。故選C項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有些人在他們的家人暫時避難的汽車旅館房間里上虛擬課程，有些人在父母工作的地方上課。A.sheltering躲避；B.buying買；C.running跑；D.decorating裝飾。根據(jù)前文“Someattendedvirtualclassesfrommotel(汽車旅館)rooms”結(jié)合選項可知，汽車旅館應(yīng)是暫時避難的地方。故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)氣溫下降時，萊文森開始聽到一種共同的抱怨。A.practice實踐；B.interest興趣；C.goal目標；D.complaint抱怨。根據(jù)前文“Whenthetemperaturedropped”以及后文““Theytoldmetheywerecold,”shesaid.”可知，氣溫下降說冷，是一種共同的抱怨。故選D項。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但她的錢有限，怎么可能讓所有的學(xué)生都感到溫暖呢?A.experience經(jīng)驗；B.money錢；C.time時間；D.space空間。根據(jù)后文“SoshecreatedawishlistonAmazon:ablanketforeachofher24studentsto10thecold.”可知，萊文森列了一個愿望清單，而不是直接給她的學(xué)生買毯子，推知是因為她的錢不夠。故選B項。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但她的錢有限，怎么可能讓所有的學(xué)生都感到溫暖呢?A.safe安全的；B.active積極的；C.warm溫暖的；D.brave勇敢的。根據(jù)前文““Theytoldmetheywerecold,”shesaid.”可知，她的學(xué)生告訴她，他們很冷，所以是讓所有的學(xué)生都感到溫暖。故選C項。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以她在亞馬遜上列了一個愿望清單：給她的24名學(xué)生每人一條毯子來御寒。A.tolerate容忍；B.enjoy享受；C.sense感覺到；D.fight戰(zhàn)斗。根據(jù)前文“SoshecreatedawishlistonAmazon:ablanketforeachofher24students”可知，毯子應(yīng)是用來御寒的，也就是和寒冷戰(zhàn)斗。故選D項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她向富人社區(qū)的居民發(fā)出了衷心的呼吁。A.apology道歉；B.appeal呼吁；C.welcome歡迎；D.invitation邀請。根據(jù)前文“Shemadeaheartfelt”接選項和前文內(nèi)容，她想給她的24名學(xué)生每人一條毯子來御寒，所以應(yīng)是發(fā)出衷心的呼吁。故選B項。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我正在看你的愿望清單，”消息上寫道，“但上面什么也沒有?！盇.message消息；B.report報道；C.notice通知；D.letter信。根據(jù)前文“Fiveminuteslatershegotatextfromaneighbor.”可知，是鄰居給她的消息。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：萊文森感到困惑，重新打開了亞馬遜的頁面。A.reopened重新打開；B.corrected糾正；C.recommended建議；D.separated分離。根據(jù)前文“Feelingpuzzled”以及后文“theAmazopage”可知，感到困惑，所以應(yīng)是萊文森重新打開了亞馬遜的頁面去檢查原因。故選A項。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就這樣，在五分鐘內(nèi)，她的鄰居就完成了她的愿望!A.promise諾言；B.duty責(zé)任；C.wish愿望；D.function功能。根據(jù)前文“SoshecreatedawishlistonAmazon”可知，萊文森創(chuàng)立了愿望清單，此處是完成了她的愿望。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：圣誕節(jié)一年只有一次，但給予是沒有日歷的。A.waiting等待；B.learning學(xué)習(xí)；C.resting休息；D.giving給予。根據(jù)后文“Inthedaysthatfollowed,Levinsoncreatedmorewishlists,andtherewerealwaysgenerousdonors.”可知，萊文森總能收到捐贈，從而改善她學(xué)生的生活，這是一種給予。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Anewon-campuspizzadeliveryservicecalledCougarCrustopenedtostudentsatBrighamYoungUniversity.Thenamecamefrompolling(征詢)studentgroups,___36___(run)surveysthroughthediningsocialmediaplatformsandaninternal___37___(discuss).EverythingatCougarCrustishouse-madeandcanbedelivered___38___thestudents.Thestudentscanchoosebetweenfivepizzasonline:fourcheese,pepperoni,vegetarian,Italyandall-meat.Theoptionisgoodforthestudents___39___needsomethingquickandeasy.“CougarCrustwillcontinuetoexpandinon-campusdeliverylocations___40___inmenuoptions.Bread-sticks,Haw