人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)及應(yīng)用智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年長安大學(xué)

人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)及應(yīng)用智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年長安大學(xué)ThecommonlyusedtransferoractivationfunctionsoffullyconnectedlayerincludeSigmoidandSoftmax.（）

答案:對(duì)In1976,Grossberg,acognitiveneuroscientistatBostonUniversity,proposedamoreperfectperceptronmodel,adaptiveresonancetheory(ART),thatis,supervisedlearning.（）

答案:對(duì)Throughrepeatedlearning,SOFMneuralnetworkcanmakethespatialdistributiondensityofconnectionweightsconsistentwiththeprobabilitydistributionofinputpatterns,soitcancompletetheclassificationofinputpatternsthroughthespatialdistributionofconnectionweights.（）

答案:對(duì)Agradientisavectorthatindicatesthatthedirectionalderivativeofafunctionatacertainpointreachesitsmaximumvalueinthatdirection.（）

答案:對(duì)Intheearly1990s,Edelman,theNobellaureate,putforwardthreeformsofDarwinismmodelandestablishedaneuralnetworksystemtheoryinvolvinggrouprestriction,groupselectionandgroupcompetition.（）

答案:對(duì)Amari,aJapaneseresearcher,describedtrustallocationinbiologicalneuralnetworkswithmathematicallanguage.（）

答案:對(duì)AftertheElmanneuralnetworkisestablishedinMATLAB,theweightsandbiasvaluesofeachlayerareinitializedaccordingtoNguyenWidrowalgorithm,andtheinitializationfunctionisinitnw.（）

答案:對(duì)In1994,Hebb,aneuropsychologist,proposedtheearliestlearningrulesforneuralnetworks,whichwereusedtoadjusttheweightsbetweenneurons.（）

答案:對(duì)Rosenblattisoneofthemainconstructorsofmodernneuralnetwork.Hisresearchhasarousedgreatinterestandattentionofmanyscholarsandorganizations.（）

答案:對(duì)Biologicalstudieshaveshownthatneuronsarearrangedinanorderlymannerinthesensorychannelsofthehumanbrain.Neuronsindifferentregionshavedifferentfunctionsanddifferentinputinformationpatterns.（）

答案:對(duì)FERNNalgorithmcanextractMOFMrulesorDNFrulesaftertrainingneuralnetworkformanytimes.（）

答案:對(duì)Intheprocessofelectricalsynaptictransmission,chemicalsubstancesaretransmittedthroughgapjunctionsbetweentheanteriorandposteriorneurons.Thegapisusuallyverysmall,only2-3cm.()

答案:錯(cuò)OnJune23,1960,Rosenblatt,apsychologistatCornellUniversityintheUnitedStates,developedaperceptronbasedneuralcomputermark1,whichcanrecognizeEnglishletters.（）

答案:對(duì)Actionpotential(AP)isaspikelikepotentialchangeonthebasisofrestingmembranepotentialafterneuronsarestimulated.Itisthebasiclanguageofinformationtransmissioninthenervoussystem.（）

答案:對(duì)Overfittingmeansthatthemodelselectedduringlearningcontainstoofewparameters,thatis,thenumberofsamplesisverysmall.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Facedetectionandfacerecognitionarethesameconcept,whichcanbeusedtodetectthefaceinthescene.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Thecellmembraneonthesurfaceofaxoniscalledaxon,andthecytoplasminsideiscalledaxon.（）

答案:對(duì)Thepoolingoperationcanbedividedintotwoways:averagepoolingandmaximumpooling.（）

答案:對(duì)Hopfieldneuralnetworkisasetofnonlineardifferentialequations.TheLyapunovfunctionisintroducedintothenetworkforthefirsttime,thusthestabilityofthenetworkisproved.（）

答案:對(duì)Hopfieldneuralnetworkisakindoffeedbackneuralnetwork,whichhasthefunctionoflearningandmemory.Stabilityisoneofthemostimportantcharacteristicsofthisneuralnetworkmodel.（）

答案:對(duì)Hopfieldneuralnetworkisakindoffeedbacknetworkwithassociativememoryfunction.Itcanbedividedintodiscretetypeandcontinuoustype.（）

答案:對(duì)ADCNNwithcompletefunctionsisusuallycomposedofinputlayer，hiddenlayer,outputlayerorclassificationlayer.（）

答案:對(duì)ThearchitectureofRBFneuralnetworkissimilartothemultilayerforwardnetwork,whichisathree-layerforwardneuralnetworkwithsinglehiddenlayer.Theinputlayeriscomposedofsignalsourcenodes,andthehiddenlayerisasingleneuronlayer.（）

答案:對(duì)SOFMneuralnetworkformsself-organizingmappingspacebyintroducinggrid,andestablishestopologicalconnectionamongneurons.（）

答案:對(duì)RBFneuralnetworkisakindofneuralnetworkstructurewithgoodlocalapproximationperformance.Somescholarshaveprovedthatitcanapproachanycontinuousfunctionswitharbitraryprecision.（）

答案:對(duì)Whentheerrorbetweentheactualoutputandtheidealoutputexceedstheexpectedvalue,itisnecessarytoentertheerrorback-propagationprocess.（）

答案:對(duì)Whenalltheelementsinthematrixarezero,thematrixiscalledidentitymatrix.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Theideaoforthogonalleastsquare(OLS)comesfromlinearregressionmodel.（）

答案:對(duì)Ionpumpisoneofmembranetransportproteins,whichcandriveionsacrosscellmembraneinreverseconcentrationgradient.（）

答案:對(duì)DifferentfromthealgorithmderivationofBPnetwork,recursivenetworkgenerallyadoptsthealgorithmoforderedchainrule.（）

答案:對(duì)Deepconvolutionalgenerativeadversarialnetworks(DCGAN)istoaddconvolutionalneuralnetworktothegenerationmodelanddiscriminantmodel,whichgreatlyimprovesthegenerationperformance.（）

答案:對(duì)8.Forthelearningeffectofthesametrainingset,differentstepsizemeansdifferentiterationtimesofweakclassifier,andthelargerstepsizemeansmoreiterationtimesofweakclassifier.（）

答案:錯(cuò)ADALINEneuralnetworkreflectsthelinearmappingrelationshipintheinputandoutputsamplevectorspace.ItusesLMSalgorithm,andthemeansquareerrorofthenetworkpresentsaparabolicsurfaceofquadraticfunction,andthevertexofthesurfaceistheoptimalsolutionoftheneuralnetwork.（）

答案:對(duì)Inputlayergenerallyreferstotheneuralnetworklayerusedforinputimage.Thehiddenlayerincludestheconvolutionallayer,thepoolinglayerandthefullyconnectedlayer.（）

答案:對(duì)Adaptivelinearneuron(ADALINE)wasproposedbyStanfordProfessorWidrowandhisgraduatestudentHoffin1960.Itwasalmostatthesametimeastheperceptron.（）

答案:對(duì)Establishthebehaviormechanismmodelofartificialneuralnetwork,whichisascienceandtechnologytoabstracthumanbrainneuronsfromtheperspectiveofinformationprocessing,andformdifferentnetworkstructuresaccordingtodifferentconnectionmodes,andthensimulatetheactionofneuralnetwork.（）

答案:對(duì)ThestructureofANNiscomposedofalargenumberofprocessingunitsin().

答案:parallelThestrengthofsynaptictransmissionisnotunchangeable,itwillshowchangingtransmissionefficiency.（）

答案:對(duì)TheerrorfunctionusedinBPneuralnetworkalgorithmis（）.

答案:meansquareerrorfunctionInrecentyears,deeplearninghasshownexcellentperformanceinsolvingmanyproblemssuchasvisualrecognition,speechrecognitionandnaturallanguageprocessing.（）

答案:對(duì)Theinputlayerisresponsibleforreceivinginformationfromtheoutsideworldandtransmittingittothenextlayerofneurons.（）

答案:對(duì)Hopfieldneuralnetworkiscalled（）

答案:associativememoryInLMSlearningalgorithm,theweightvariationofADALINEneuralnetworkisinverselyproportionaltotheinputandoutputerrorsofthenetwork.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Thelearningstrategyofperceptronistoselectthemodelparameterswandbthatminimizethelossfunction.（）

答案:minimizeThedescriptionoftheparameter"validator"ofthewx.TextCtrlclassis:the（）.

答案:validatorofcontrolWhenthewindoweventoccurs,themaineventloopwillrespondandassigntheappropriateeventhandlertothewindowevent.（）

答案:對(duì)Thedescriptionoftheparameter"defaultDir"ofclasswx.FileDialogis:（）.

答案:defaultpathFromtheuser'spointofview,thewxPythonprogramisidleforalargepartofthetime,butwhentheuserortheinternalactionofthesystemcausestheevent,andthentheeventwilldrivethewxPythonprogramtoproducethecorrespondingaction.（）

答案:對(duì)InthedesignofartificialneuralnetworksoftwarebasedonwxPython,creatingGUImeansbuildingaframeworkinwhichvariouscontrolscanbeaddedtocompletethedesignofsoftwarefunctions.（）

答案:對(duì)Thedescriptionoftheproperty"tooltipstring"isthepromptthatappearswhenthemouseisovertheobject.（）

答案:對(duì)Itisnecessarytodeterminethestructureandparametersoftheneuralnetwork,includingthenumberofhiddenlayers,thenumberofneuronsinthehiddenlayerandthetrainingfunction.（）

答案:對(duì)Themenupropertybarhas"label"and"tag".Thelabelisequivalenttothetagvalueofthemenuitem,andthetagisthenameofthemenudisplay.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Inlarge-scalesystemsoftwaredesign,weneedtoconsiderthelogicalstructureandphysicalstructureofsoftwarearchitecture.（）

答案:對(duì)Thedescriptionoftheproperty"string"is:thetextdisplayedontheobject.（）

答案:對(duì)The"netprod"inthenetworkinputmodulecanbeusedfor（）.

答案:dotmultiplicationordotdivisionTheneuralnetworktoolboxcontains（）modulelibraries.

答案:fiveThe"dotrod"intheweightsettingmoduleisanormaldotproductweightfunction.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Themathematicalmodelofsingleneuronisy=f(wx+b).（）

答案:對(duì)Theneuronmodelcanbedividedintothreeparts:inputmodule,transferfunctionandoutputmodule.（）

答案:對(duì)SOFMneuralnetworksaredifferentfromotherartificialneuralnetworksinthattheyadoptcompetitivelearningratherthanbackwardpropagationerrorcorrectionlearningmethodsimilartogradientdescent,andinasense,theyuseneighborhoodfunctionstopreservetopologicalpropertiesofinputspace.（）

答案:對(duì)ThecorelayerofSOFMneuralnetworkis（）.

答案:competitionlayerForSOFMneuralnetwork,thecompetitivetransferfunction(CTF)responseis0forthewinningneurons,and1forotherneurons.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Whentheinputpatterntothenetworkdoesnotbelongtoanypatterninthenetworktrainingsamples,SOFMneuralnetworkcanonlyclassifyitintotheclosestmode.（）

答案:對(duì)Inordertodividetheinputpatternsintoseveralclasses,thedistancebetweeninputpatternvectorsshouldbemeasuredaccordingtothesimilarity.（）areusuallyused.

答案:EuclideandistancemethodandcosinemethodThemostbasicpropertyofAdaBoostisthatitreducesthetrainingerrorcontinuouslyinthelearningprocess,thatis,theclassificationerrorrateonthetrainingdatasetuntileachweakclassifieriscombinedintothefinalidealclassifier.（）

答案:對(duì)Boostingalgorithmisthegeneralnameofaclassofalgorithms.Theircommongroundistoconstructastrongclassifierbyusingagroupofweakclassifiers.Weakclassifiermainlyreferstotheclassifierwhosepredictionaccuracyisnothighandfarbelowtheidealclassificationeffect.Strongclassifiermainlyreferstotheclassifierwithhighpredictionaccuracy.（）

答案:對(duì)ThemainpurposeofaddingregularizationtermintotheformulaofcalculatingstrongclassifieristopreventtheoverfittingofAdaBoostalgorithm,whichisusuallycalledstepsizeinalgorithm.（）

答案:對(duì)Amongthemanyimprovedboostingalgorithms,themostsuccessfuloneistheAdaBoost(adaptiveboosting)algorithmproposedbyYoavFreundofUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegoandRobertSchapireofPrincetonUniversityin1996.（）

答案:對(duì)ThelossfunctionofAdaBoostalgorithmis（）.

答案:exponentialfunctionThecharacteristicofElmanneuralnetworkisthattheoutputofthehiddenlayerisdelayedandstoredbythefeedbacklayer,andthefeedbackisconnectedtotheinputofthehiddenlayer,whichhasthefunctionofinformationstorage.（）

答案:對(duì)Thefeedbacklayerisusedtomemorizetheoutputvalueoftheprevioustimeofthehiddenlayerunitandreturnittotheinput.Therefore,Elmanneuralnetworkhasdynamicmemoryfunction.（）

答案:對(duì)InElmannetwork,thetransferfunctionoffeedbacklayerisnonlinearfunction,andthetransferfunctionofoutputlayerislinearfunction.（）

答案:對(duì)TheneuronsinthehiddenlayerofElmannetworkadoptthetangentS-typetransferfunction,whiletheoutputlayeradoptsthelineartransferfunction.Ifthereareenoughneuronsinthefeedbacklayer,thecombinationofthesetransferfunctionscanmakeElmanneuralnetworkapproachanyfunctionwitharbitraryprecisioninfinitetime.（）

答案:對(duì)Elmanneuralnetworkisakindofdynamicrecurrentnetwork,whichcanbedividedintofullfeedbackandpartialfeedback.Inthepartialrecurrentnetwork,thefeedforwardconnectionweightcanbemodified,andthefeedbackconnectioniscomposedofagroupoffeedbackunits,andtheconnectionweightcannotbemodified.（）

答案:對(duì)Intheartificialneuralnetwork,thequalityofmodelingwilldirectlyaffecttheperformanceofthegenerativemodel,butasmallamountofpriorknowledgeisneededfortheactualcasemodeling.（）

答案:錯(cuò)AGANmainlyincludesageneratorGandadiscriminatorD.（）

答案:對(duì)TheessenceoftheoptimizationprocessofDandGistofindthe（）.

答案:minimaxBecausethegenerativeadversarialnetworkdoesnotneedtodistinguishthelowerboundandapproximateinference,itavoidsthepartitionfunctioncalculationproblemcausedbythetraditionalrepeatedapplicationofMarkovchainlearningmechanism,andimprovesthenetworkefficiency.（）

答案:對(duì)Fromtheperspectiveofartificialintelligence,GANusesneuralnetworktoguideneuralnetwork,andtheideaisverystrange.（）

答案:對(duì)InAlexNet,thereare650000neuronswithmorethan600000parametersdistributedinfiveconvolutionlayersandthreefullyconnectedlayersandSoftmaxlayerswith1000categories.（）

答案:錯(cuò)ComparedwithGPU,CPUhashigherprocessingspeed,andhassignificantadvantagesinprocessingrepetitivetasks.（）

答案:錯(cuò)VGGNetiscomposedoftwoparts:theconvolutionlayerandthefullconnectionlayer,whichcanberegardedasthedeepenedversionofAlexNet.（）

答案:對(duì)Atpresent,DCNNhasbecomeoneofthecorealgorithmsinthefieldofimagerecognition,butitisunstablewhenthereisasmallamountoflearningdata.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Inthefieldoftargetdetectionandclassification,thetaskofthelastlayerofneuralnetworkistoclassify.（）

答案:對(duì)Atpresent,researchershavesuccessfullyappliedHopfieldneuralnetworktosolvethetravelingsalesmanproblem(TSP),whichisthemostrepresentativeofoptimizationcombinatorialproblems.（）

答案:對(duì)Theorderinwhichneuronsadjusttheirstatesisnotunique.Itcanbeconsideredthatacertainordercanbespecifiedorselectedrandomly.Theprocessofneuronstateadjustmentincludesthreesituations:from0to1,and1to0andunchanged.（）

答案:對(duì)Hopfieldneuralnetworkisakindofneuralnetworkwhichcombinesstoragesystemandbinarysystem.Itnotonlyprovidesamodeltosimulatehumanmemory,butalsoguaranteestheconvergenceto（）.

答案:localminimumIn1982,AmericanscientistJohnJosephHopfieldputforwardakindoffeedbackneuralnetwork"Hopfieldneuralnetwork"inhispaperNeuralNetworksandPhysicalSystemswithEmergentCollectiveComputationalAbilities.（）

答案:對(duì)Undertheexcitationofinputx,DHNNentersadynamicchangeprocess,untilthestateofeachneuronisnolongerchanged,itreachesastablestate.Thisprocessisequivalenttotheprocessofnetworklearningandmemory,andthefinaloutputofthenetworkisthevalueofeachneuroninthestablestate.（）

答案:對(duì)Inpracticalapplication,theinverseofthecorrelationmatrixandthecorrelationcoefficientarenoteasytoobtain,sotheapproximatesteepestdescentmethodisneededinthealgorithmdesign.Thecoreideaisthattheactualmeansquareerrorofthenetworkisreplacedbythemeansquareerrorofthek-thiteration.（）

答案:對(duì)Thealgorithmusedinsingle-layerADALINEnetworkisLMSalgorithm,whichissimilartothealgorithmofperceptron,andalsobelongstosupervisedlearningalgorithm.（）

答案:對(duì)Intermsofalgorithm,ADALINEneuralnetworkadoptsW-Hlearningrule,alsoknownastheleastmeansquare(LMS)algorithm.Itisdevelopedfromtheperceptronalgorithm,anditsconvergencespeedandaccuracyhavebeengreatlyimproved.（）

答案:對(duì)WhentherearemultipleADALINEinthenetwork,theadaptivelinearneuralnetworkisalsocalledMadalinewhichmeansmanyAdalineneuralnetworks.（）

答案:對(duì)ADALINEneuralnetworkhassimplestructureandmulti-layerstructure.Itisflexibleinpracticalapplicationandwidelyusedinsignalprocessing,systemidentification,patternrecognitionandintelligentcontrol.（）

答案:對(duì)Atpresent,RBFneuralnetworkhasbeensuccessfullyappliedinnonlinearfunctionapproximation,timeseriesanalysis,dataclassification,patternrecognition,informationprocessing,imageprocessing,systemmodeling,controlandfaultdiagnosis.（）

答案:對(duì)RBFneuralnetworkisanovelandeffectivefeedforwardneuralnetwork,whichhasthebestlocalapproximationandglobaloptimalperformance.（）

答案:對(duì)ThebasicideaofRBFneuralnetworkistouseradialbasisfunctionasthe"basis"ofhiddenlayerhiddenunittoformhiddenlayerspace,andhiddenlayertransformsinputvector.Theinputdatatransformationoflowdimensionalspaceismappedintohigh-dimensionalspace,sothattheproblemoflinearseparabilityinlow-dimensionalspacecanberealizedinhigh-dimensionalspace.（）

答案:對(duì)ForthelearningalgorithmofRBFneuralnetwork,thekeyproblemistodeterminethecenterparametersoftheoutputlayernodereasonably.（）

答案:錯(cuò)ThemethodofselectingthecenterofRBFneuralnetworkbyself-organizinglearningistoselectthecenterofRBFneuralnetworkbyk-meansclusteringmethod,whichbelongstosupervisedlearningmethod.（）

答案:錯(cuò)InthestandardBPneuralnetworkalgorithmandmomentumBPalgorithm,thelearningrateisaconstantthatremainsconstantthroughoutthetrainingprocess,andtheperformanceofthelearningalgorithmisverysensitivetotheselectionofthelearningrate.（）

答案:對(duì)BPneuralnetworkhasbecomeoneofthemostrepresentativealgorithmsinthefieldofartificialintelligence.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinsignalprocessing,patternrecognition,machinecontrol(expertsystem,datacompression)andotherfields.（）

答案:對(duì)L-Malgorithmismainlyproposedforsuperlargescaleneuralnetwork,anditisveryeffectiveinpracticalapplication.（）

答案:錯(cuò)In1974,PaulWerbosofthenaturalsciencefoundationoftheUnitedStatesfirstproposedtheuseoferrorbackpropagationalgorithmtotrainartificialneuralnetworksinhisdoctoraldissertationofHarvardUniversity,anddeeplyanalyzedthepossibilityofapplyingittoneuralnetworks,effectivelysolvingtheXORloopproblemthatsinglesensorcannothandle.（）

答案:對(duì)TheoutputofBPneuralnetworkis（）ofneuralnetwork.

答案:theoutputofthelastlayerWhentheperceptronislearning,eachsamplewillbeinputintotheneuronasastimulus.Theinputsignalisthefeatureofeachsample,andtheexpectedoutputisthecategoryofthesample.Whentheoutputisdifferentfromthecategory,wecanadjustthesynapticweightandbiasvalueuntiltheoutputofeachsampleisthesameasthecategory.（）

答案:對(duì)Theperceptronlearningalgorithmisdrivenbymisclassification,sothestochasticgradientdescentmethodisusedtooptimizethelossfunction.（）

答案:misclassificationThebasicideaofperceptronlearningalgorithmistoinputsamplesintothenetworkstepbystep,andadjusttheweightmatrixofthenetworkaccordingtothedifferencebetweentheoutputresultandtheidealoutput,thatistosolvetheoptimizationproblemoflossfunctionL(w,b).（）

答案:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)Perceptronisasingle-layerneuralnetwork,orneuron,whichisthesmallestunitofneuralnetwork.（）

答案:對(duì)LogarithmicS-typetransferfunction,namelySigmoidfunction,isalsocalledS-shapedgrowthcurveinbiology.（）

答案:對(duì)Thefunctionoftransferfunctioninneuronsistogetanewmappingoutputofsummeraccordingtothespecifiedfunctionrelationship,andthencompletes