2022年中考英語語法專題復習學案被動語態(tài)

⑥有些動詞習慣上只用于被動語態(tài)。如：Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在這個城市。三、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉換(1)主語+及物動詞+賓語變化規(guī)則:主語和賓語交換位置,及物動詞用被動形式。主動語態(tài):Theyplantedatree.被動語態(tài):Atreewasplantedbythem.賓語變主語be+過去分詞主語變?yōu)閎y...[用法口訣]賓變主，主變賓，謂語動詞變被動。(2)主語+及物動詞+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物)變化規(guī)則:①將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,保留直接賓語;②將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,保留間接賓語,但是間接賓語前須加介詞to/for。若間接賓語作被動句中的主語,則無需加介詞。主動語態(tài):Myunclegavemesomenewstamps.主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語被動語態(tài):Iwasgivensomenewstampsbymyuncle..主語謂語直接賓語間接賓語Somenewstampsweregiventomebymyuncle.主語謂語間接賓語(3)主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語變化規(guī)則:主語和賓語交換位置,原來的賓語補足語保留下來,謂語動詞用被動形式。主動語態(tài):Isawhim<run>ontheroadjustnow.主語謂語賓語賓語補足語被動語態(tài):Hewasseenbyme<run>ontheroadjustnow.主語謂語賓語賓語補足語四、五種常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構成1.含有情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+be+doneEg:AmycantakegoodcareofGina.Ginacanbetakengoodcareof(byAmy).2.一般現在時：am/is/are+done.Eg:Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.3.一般過去時：was/were+doneEg:Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.4.一般將來時：will+be+doneEg:Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.5.現在完成時：have/has+been+doneEg:Ihavepaintedthepicturefor2weeks.Thepicturehasbeenpainted(byme)for2weeks.考點一：五種常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：Youmustturnoffthelights.—→Thelights(byme).Jimcoulddoityesterday.—→It(byJim)yesterday.2.一般現在時的被動語態(tài)：PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.English(bypeople)asthefirstlanguageinUK.WemakethesemachinesinShanghai.—→Thesemachines(byus)inShanghai.3.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.—→Thetallbuilding(bythem)lastyear.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.—→Manytrees(bythem)treesyearsago.4.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：Lucywilldothehomeworkintheevening.Thehomework(byLucy)intheevening.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Asportsmeeting(byus)nextweek.5.現在完成時的被動語態(tài)：Tomhasdonehishomework.—→Hishomework(byTom).Jimhasfinishedthework.—→Thework(byJim).考點二：被動語態(tài)中的特殊情況1.不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語時，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，仍然要帶上介詞。主動句：Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.被動句：Theteacherislistenedtocarefully(bythestudents)inclass.主動句：Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被動句：Thenewstudentsarelookedafter(bythem)intheschool.2.當動詞帶有復合賓語(有賓補),并且賓補是省去“to”的動詞不定式時，在被動語態(tài)中應加上“to”主動句：Theymakeusdoallthework.被動句：Wearemadetodoallthework(bythem).主動句：Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被動句：Sheisoftenheardtosingsongs(byus).主動句：Isawhimwalktoschool.被動句：Hewasseentowalktoschool(byme).注意：這些動詞真奇怪，主動句中to離開，被動句中to回來。（let，have，make，feel，see,watch,hear,notice…)3.當動詞帶雙賓語時(一個賓語是指人，一個是指物)，將其中指人的賓語提前作被動句的主語時，另一個賓語按順序照抄下來；如是將指物的賓語提前作被動句的主語，在被動句中則指人賓語前應加“to”或“for”。常見加to的動詞有give，send,teach，write,show,pass,ask,tell…常見加for的動詞有make,draw,buy…主動句：Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.被動1Iamgivenaflower(byhim)everyday.被動2Aflowerisgiventome(byhim)everyday.主動句：Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.被動1Iwasboughtacomputer(bymymother).被動2Acomputerwasboughtforme(bymymother).同步練習：1.Tomlooksatthelovelydog.—→Thelovelydog(byTom.)2.HenoticedKatecomeintheroom.—→Katecomeintheroom(byhim).3.Mumletmewatertheseflowers.—→Iwatertheseflowers(bymum).4.JacksentmeanE-mailyesterday.—→IanE-mail(byJack)yesterday.AnE-mailme(byJack)yesterday.考點三：主動結構表被動意義1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等詞作不及物動詞時若是和well,easily,smoothly等修飾詞連用,用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義。例如:Thiskindofshirtsellswellamongteenagers.這款襯衫在青少年中很暢銷。look,sound,taste,smell等系動詞用主動結構表被動意義。例如:Thehamburgertastesdelicious.這個漢堡嘗起來很美味。beworthdoing中的doing表示被動意義。例如:Herexperienceisworthlearningfrom.她的經歷值得學習。4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone.(tobedone是不定式的被動結構)例如:T