unit-1-time-conscious-Americans-美國人的時間觀念

Time-consciousAmericansStandingbyariver,Confuciussaid:“Timegoesonandonliketheflowingwaterintheriver,neverceasingdayornight!”子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍晝夜！Situation1:Onyourwayhome,itoccurredtoyouthatyourAmericanfriendMaryhadinvitedyoutovisitherwhenyouwerefree.Thenyoudroppedinonherhouse.

Butwhenyouknockedatthedoor

doodoordoor…InChina,it’sOKtovisitfriendswithoutcallingaheadoftime.WhileintheU.S.,it’simpolite

todoso.Maryfeltsurprised.Why?OhmyGoddess..WhatisthepolitewayintheU.S.?Callingaheadoftime.A.Before7:00,tohelphertoprepare.B.5’~10’late,nottobethefirstguest.C.After8:00,I’mtheVIP.D.5’~10’earlier,it’sapolitewaytoshowmyrespectforher.Situation2:YourAmericanfriendinvitedyoutoherpartytonightat7:30.Whenareyousupposedtogetthere?Why?IntheU.S.,peopletendtobe_____________.

InChina,closefriendstendtoarrive_______________，butacquaintancestendtoarrive_______________.5’~10’late(B)before7:00(A)

5’~10’earlier(D)Budget:如何記憶？：Bud-burse錢包+get=錢包里得到的Newwords如何使用？Shehaslearnedhowtobudgethertimecarefully.Asastudent,youhavetolearnhowtobudget.Shetriedtokeephermonthlybudgetbelow$500.Moreandmorewomennowtendtoseeka“budgethusband”insteadofwealthymenjustashomebuyersnowlookforbudgethousesratherthanvillasduringtheeconomiccrisis.Althoughnotearningalot,thebudgethusbandsdon’thavebadhabitsandarefamily-oriented.宅女當?shù)溃Ｅ簽E，杠桿女逆市上楊

leveragefemaleThedoctorchargedus400dollarsforafive-minuteexamination.Themajorityofstallschargedafairprice.Charge:向…收費，要價。Acute:如何記憶？a(一〕，cu〔醋〕，te(特〕=只要用一瓶醋泡下，這把小刀就會變得非常鋒利。如何使用？Shehasacutehearing.Theareahasanacuteshortageofwater.

【近義詞辨析】acutekeensharp意思都含“銳利的”(包括它的引伸義)意思。用于人時：

sharp

表示“有洞察力的,

精明的,

機敏的”,

著重“狡猾”“不易受騙”,

如:

You

won’t

catch

him.

He’s

very

sharp.

你騙不了他,

他精明極了。

keen

表示人的“銳敏”、

“聰明”、

“善于思索”,

如:

He’s

a

keen

mind.

他頭腦靈敏。

acute

側(cè)重指“人觀察事物的深刻性以及分辨問題的細致性?！?/p>

如:

He

has

given

an

acute

analysis

of

the

situation.

他對形勢做了深刻的分析。restlessWegrowrestlesswiththelongwait.Heelbowedmeoutoftheway.他把我擠開了。Sheelbowedherwaythroughthecrowdtowardsthetheater.她用肘推著從人群中走向劇院。Elbow:用肘推人Abrupt:強調(diào)一種突兀感，指“突然的”，“出其不意的”，“事先未告知的”。如何記憶？a〔一〕+br〔病人〕+up〔向上〕+t〔他〕=如果一個病人突然向上跳起，腦子肯定有問題。如何使用？AbruptmannerAbruptchangeofschedule聯(lián)想記憶：Bold冒失的，魯莽的，無禮的。Rash魯莽的，輕率的。Reckless魯莽的，不顧一切的。Sudden突然的，意外的。Unexpected料想不到的，突然的。Accidental偶然的，無意中的。Dramatic引人注目的，戲劇性的，突然的。Overnight似乎在一夜之間出現(xiàn)的，突然的。ritualVSconventionRitual:慣例，老規(guī)矩，例行公事〔多用于形容一個人習慣了的方式，比方生活方式，行為規(guī)律以及有規(guī)律的習慣或做事方式〕Convention:慣例，常規(guī)，習俗，范圍更大，意義更廣，形容某種文化的習俗，某人或者某事物一直以來遵守且不能輕易被打破的，通常被別人認為是正確的慣例，常規(guī)或某種文化禮節(jié)長時間形成的習俗或者風俗。Shewentthroughherusual______ofMakingsureallthedoorswerelockedBeforeshewenttobed.Defy______bywearingoutrageousclothes.Interaction:inter前綴，表示在…之間，相互。Eg.Inter+nationalinter+personalTheinteractionofthesetwogroupsproducedmanygoodideas.1.Weassesstheshopkeeperagoodreputation.Wegaveanhonestassessmentoftheshopkeeperfortheirgoodserviceandhighquality.2.Ihavealowassessforhim.Ihavealowassessmentofhim.Assess:如何記憶？a(Asia)+ss(美女〕+e(Europe)+ss〔美女〕人們評價亞洲的美女比歐洲美女要漂亮。Probe：如何記憶？Pro(向前)+be(是)=爆破手拿著地雷探測針，往前探測是為了查明是否有地雷。Consequently的用法Thoughsheiseightyyearsold,shelikesstudyingverymuch.Sothatsheobtainedadegree…SothatconsequentlyGiven:Givenhisage,heisdefinitelyafastlearner.Giventhefactthatheisold,heisdefinitelyafastlearner.-im前綴表示“不，無，非”impossible不可能的〔im+possible可能的〕immoral不道德的〔im+moral道德的〕impolite無禮的〔im+polite禮貌的〕impartial公平的〔im+partial有偏見的〕impassive無動于衷的〔im+passive→沒感情〕immortal不朽的〔im+mortal死的〕significance1.Afamilystaystogetherhassignificance.Itissignificantforafamilytostaytogether.2.psychologyhealthissosignificance.

doingsomeexerciseissignificance.conductActorsmayhireagentstoconducttheiraffairs.演員可以雇用經(jīng)紀人掌管他們的事務。Mostplasticsdonotconductelectricity.大多數(shù)塑料都不容易導電。Studentsshouldfollowthecodeofconductinschool.學生應當遵守學生行為守那么。increasinglyTheenvironmentpollutionisbecominganincreasinglyseriousmatter.比較哪個更好？學渣版Moreandmorepeople…..學霸版AnincreasinglygrowingnumberofpeopleWhereas:Somepeoplelikefattymeat,whereasothershateit.

有些人喜歡肥肉,而有些人卻不喜歡。參考bookPage11Fulfill:Healwaysfulfillshispromise.Hetriestofulfillhismother’sdream.II.TextAnalysis:MainIdeaandStructureBackTheauthorcomesstraighttothepoint:Americansattitudestowardstime:Americansvaluetimeandsavetimecarefully.Timeisregardedaspreciousresources.Illustrationsofthegeneralidea(Paras.3-7)

Generalideaofthewholepassage(Paras.1-2)

Restatementandemphasisofthegeneralidea(Paras.8)

Americansworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime.Theysavetimenotonlyintheirdailylife,businessbutalsointheirwork.Thisisillustratedbytheforeigner’sfirstimpressionoftheU.S..Besides,Americanscreateaseriesofdevicestosavetime.BymakingcontrastbetweenAmericans’viewpointontimeandthatofthosefromothercultures,theauthoremphasizesthemainidea:InAmericanculture,itistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblemorfulfillajobwithspeed.Firstreading:1.WhatarethetwothingsAmericanstrytosave?(Para.1)TimeandLabor.2.WhatdoestimemeantoAmericans?(Para.2)Timeisregardedas___________preciousresources.3.HowdoAmericansdoeverything?(para.3)Theydoeverything_________4.WhendoAmericansstarttalkingbusiness?(para.4)Theystarttalkingbusiness_______5.HowdoAmericanssavetime?(para.5-7)TheyworkhardatthetaskofsavingtimeBy____________________________________inarushquicklyproducingasteadyflowoflabor-savingdevices.6.whatistheconclusion?Theforeigners________________fromThoseofAmerican.〔Para.8)HavedifferentideasPart1:(para1—2)Comingstraighttothepoint(開門見山)BackTheauthorcomesstraighttothepointatthebeginning:Para.1:

Americansbelievenoonestandstill,andtimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully.Para.2:

Americansregardtimeaspreciousresourceandtheywanteveryminutetobeimportant.返回II.TextAnalysis:MainIdeaandStructureBackAmericansbelievenoone

standsstillsupportingsentence1topicsentencesupportingsentence2Ifyouarenotmoving

ahead,youarefallingbehind.Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring.ConcludingsentenceTimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor.

1....noonestandsstill.(Para.1)

Meaning:Noonekeepsmotionless,everyonemovesahead.

stand:v.keeporstayinaparticularpositionorstate

Pleasestandcalm.

2youarefallingbehind.(Para.1)

fallbehind:1)becomebitbybitfurtherbehind

Thestudenthasbeenworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfallbehind.

2)(with)failtoproducesth.atthepropertime

I'mfallingbehindwithmywork;Imusttrytocatchup.

3.Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching,experimentingandexploring.(Para.1)

Meaning:Asaresultofthisattitude,Americanstendtodevotetheirtimeandenergytoresearching,experimentingandexploring.

resultin:haveasaresult;cause獨立主格結(jié)構獨立結(jié)構要認清，名，代之后副或形或是分詞或介短，with結(jié)構不可輕。千變?nèi)f化皆做“狀”，其中意義也不多時間，條件和原因，方式，伴隨沒別的。4.TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor.(Para.1)

Thegirlstaredathim.Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Thegirlstaringathim,hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Herglasseswerebroken.shecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboard.Herglassesbroken,shecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboard.Theysaidgoodbyetoeachother.Onewouldgohome.Theotherwouldgotothebookstore.Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.Thereisnothingelsetodo.Weplayed

mahjong.Therebeingnothingelsetodo,weplayed

mahjong.Itisaholiday.Alltheshopsareshut.Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.

5.Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock.(Para.2)

Meaning:Weareunderthecontroloftimeonlyandnothingelse(or:weareonlydominatedbytime).

slavetosth.:apersonwhoiscompletelyinfluencedordominatedbysth.

aslavetodrink

aslavetomoney

nothingbut:only

6.Webudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutit,accountforit;wealsochargeforit.(Para.2)

Meaning:Wedealwithtimeinvariouswaysasiftimeweresomethingofrealvalue.

7.Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.〔Para.2〕

Meaning:Manypeoplehaveaverystrongfeelingthatlifeisshort(sincetimeisapreciousresource).8theycannotbereplaced.(Para.2)replace:vt.

GeorgehasreplacedEdwardasthepersonnelmanager.

We'llhavetoreplacethoseoldcomputerswith(or:by)newones.

9.Wewanteveryminutetocount.(Para.2)

Meaning:Wewanteveryminutetobeputintogooduse(sinceitisprecious).count:vi.Ifsth.counts,itisimportantorvaluable. Everysecondcounts. She'stheonlypersonthatreallycountsaroundhere.Part2:(para3-7)Deduction(演繹法)BackSpecificaspects:1.Americanssavetimeintheirdailylife.Theyarealwaysinarushandunderpressure.(Para.3)2.Americanssavetimeintheirbusinesstalk.(Para.4)3.Americansworkhardatthetaskofsavingtimebyproducinglabor–savingdevices.(Paras.5-7)FordetailsGeneralidea:Americansaretime-consciousandtheywanteveryminutetocount.

1.Racingthroughdaytimemealsispartofthepaceoflifeinthiscountry.(Para.3)

Meaning:ToeattheirmealshurriedlyduringthedayispartofAmericans'fastpaceoflife.racethrough:dosth.inahurry

ThechildracedthroughhishomeworkinordertowatchthefootballmatchonTV.病句糾正DoareasonablebudgetisofsignificanceMakingareasonablebudgetisofsignificance.

2.Don'ttakeitpersonally.(Para.3)

Meaning:Don'tletitupsetyoubecausetheyaretreatingeverybodythiswayorbecausetheyarenotdoingthistoyouinparticular.

take...personally

嵌入式定語從句Thisisadreamwhich

nevercomestrue.↓定語從句whoseMr.LeftisaluckydogmasterwantstoteachhimKungfu.Mr.Leftisakindhusband

whosewifealwaysaskhimtowash

clothes.Theywillmisstheritualinteractionthatgoeswithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffeethatmaybeaconventionintheirowncountry.先行詞先行語句.Sheisafamous

actorwhojustgetsmarried

whichbringsmuchsadnesstohermalefans.

4.Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverextendedsmalltalk;...(Para.4)

Meaning:UsuallyAmericansdonotjudgeorevaluatetheirvisitorsin(arestaurantorcoffeehousewhichareconsidered)relaxedplacesthroughlong,lightconversations...

...muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner,orforaroundonthegolfcourse...(Para.4)Meaning:...itisevenlesslikelythatAmericanstaketheirvisitorsoutfordinnerortoplaygolf...muchless:andevenlesslikely

Theoldmancanhardlywalk,muchlessrun. Theyarealwaysshortofwatertodrink,muchlesstobathein.

下一頁上一頁Back返回課文1.Typicalpatternsforemphasizingsth.:原句:

Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsucharelaxedsurroundingsoverextendedsmalltalk;muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner,…(L.27)一般來說，美國人是不會在如此輕松的環(huán)境里通過長時間的閑聊來評估他們的客人，更不用說帶他們出去吃飯,······句型提煉下一頁上一頁〔劃線局部可替換〕返回課文

Sb.doesnotdosth.;muchlessdoessb.dosth.else.

某人不會做/沒有做某事，更不用說做其他的事。參考bookpage11.Back1)

她連水都不愿意喝一口，更別提留下來吃飯了。Shewouldn’ttakeadrink,muchlesswouldshestayfordinner.Wouldn’ttakeadrinkMuchless

5.Sincewegenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly.(Para.4)

Meaning:Sinceweinmostcasesevaluateourvisitorsandaskthemquestionsfromaprofessionalpointofviewinsteadofasocialone,westarttalkingwhatisourconcernveryquickly(andthereisnoneedinoureyestospendtimeonsmalltalk〕Para.5

Consequently,weworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime.Weproduceasteadyflowoflabor-savingdevices;wecommunicaterapidlythroughfaxes,phonecallsoremailsratherthanthroughpersonalcontacts,whichthoughpleasant,takelonger—especiallygivenourtraffic-filledstreets.We,therefore,savemostpersonalvisitingforafter-workhoursorforsocialweekendgatherings.句型詞匯學習課文分析隨筆6)我們已經(jīng)在這個工程上投入了大量的時間和精力，所以我們只能繼續(xù)。Wehavepouredintomuchtimeandenergyontheproject.Consequently,wehavetocarryon.PourintoMuchtimeandenergy短語應用詞組互譯隨筆Sb.dosth.by/through…ratherthanby/through…,which,though+adj…,…—especiallygiven…人獲得知識要靠勤奮而不是靠投機。盡管后者更省力，但卻是一種自我欺騙，特別是考慮到未來職業(yè)的需要。Back創(chuàng)新應用acquireknowledge/throughdiligence/throughtrickery/freefromhardwork/aself-deception/thedemandoffuturecareerOneshouldacquireknowledgethroughdiligenceratherthanthroughtrickery,which,thoughfreefromhardwork,isaself-deception—especiallygiventhedemandoffuturecareer.意群提示新視野－短語應用NHCEBack課文預習寫作導入Para.6aToustheimpersonalityofelectroniccommunicationhaslittleornorelationtothesignificanceofthematterathand.Insomecountriesnomajorbusinessisconductedwithouteyecontact,requiringface-to-faceconversation.

InAmerica,too,afinalagreementwillnormallybesignedinperson.However,peoplearemeetingincreasinglyontelevisionscreens,conductingteleconferencestosettleproblemsnotonlyinthiscountrybutalso—bysatellite—internationally.

句型詞匯學習課文分析隨筆短語應用詞組互譯隨筆Tosome,sth.haslittlerelationtosth.else.Toothers,nothingcanbe

donewithout(doing)sth.else.在一些人看來，真愛與財富的數(shù)量無多大關系；然而在另一些人看來，沒有充足的金錢免談愛情。Back創(chuàng)新應用theamountofwealth/adequatemoney/noaccesstosth./beallowedTosomepeople,truelovehaslittlerelationtotheamountofwealth.Toothers,noaccesstolovecanbeallowedwithoutadequatemoney.意群提示新視野－短語應用NHCEBack課文預習寫作導入Para.7TheUSisdefinitelyatelephonecountry.Almosteveryoneusesthetelephonetoconductbusiness,tochatwithfriends,tomakeorbreaksocialappointments,tosay“Thankyou”,toshopandtoobtainallkindsofinformation.Telephonessavethefeetandendlessamountsoftime.Thisisduepartlytothefactthatthetelephoneserviceissuperbhere,whereasthepostalserviceislessefficient.

4)他們利潤增長的局部原因是采用了新的市場策略。Theirincreaseinprofitispartlyduetonewmarketstrategy.IncreaseinprofitBepartlyduetoNewmarketstrategy3)

這個星期你每天都遲到，對此你怎么解釋？。Howdoyouaccountforthefactthatyouhavebeenlateeverydaythisweek?Belate,注意時態(tài)Accountfor2)

他認為我在對他說謊，但實際上我講的是實話。HethoughtIwaslyingtohim,whereasIwastellingthetruth.LietohimwhereasTellthetruth5)

這樣的措施很可能會帶來工作效率的提高。Suchmeasuresarelikelytoresultintheimprovementofworkefficiency.BelikelytoresultinTheimprovementofworkefficiency英語閱讀中的“因果關系”因：because,for,as,since,inthat果：sothat,therefore,consequently,asaresult.隱性因果邏輯詞：因-果：leadtogiverisetoresultinmakeletstimulate/fuel/produce果-因：resultfromderivefromoriginatefromstemfrom

theincreasedpressuresofexpandingpopulationhaveledtotheremovalofwoodyplantssothatmanycitiesandtownsaresurroundedbylargeareascompletelylackingintrees.Thismusicalproducedagreatsensationthroughouttheworld.Mywarningwillstimulatehertogreatereffort.Highersalarieshelpedtofuelinflation.Thenewarrivals’attitudestowardstime:

1.Itisconsideredimpolitetoworktooquickly.2.Theimportanceofanassignmentisgivenbythepassageoftime.Americans’attitudestowardstime:1.Itistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblemorfulfill