高中英語【人教版2019】U1-2重點詞匯復習（教師版）

高中英語【人教版2019】必修第三冊U12重點詞匯復習【問題查找】一、單詞拼寫。

1.Studentscanchoosefromawider______________(一系列)ofoptions.2.If______________(認為)thatyouwouldn’te.3.Trytoh______________(收獲)thefruitbeforethefirstfrost.4.Theteacherwentroundtheclasstog______________(收集)thepapers.5.Thisisas______________(重大的)contributiontoknowledge.6.Thepictureist______________(典型)ofitskind.7.Chinaisabundantina______________(農(nóng)業(yè))produce.8.Theeventwaswidelycoveredbythemassm______________(媒體).9.Thereisnothingmorenaturalthanachild’sb______________(信念)inhisparents.10.Anyhelpordonationswillbeg______________(感激)received.11.The__________(大多數(shù))ofstudentsinmyclassarefromthecountryside.12.Manystudents__________(抱怨)aboutthehighfeesoftheuniversity.13.She__________（照顧）herhusbandcarefullyduringhisillness.14.ThestudentunionwillholdaspecialmeetinginJanuarytoelectsomeoneto_________(取代）thesecretary.15.HowIwishyouunderstoodthe__________(困境)betweenmyfeelingforhimandthepromiseforyou!Keys:1.range2.figured3.harvest4.gather5.significant6.typical7.agricultural8.media9.belief10.gratefully11.majority12plain13.tended;14.replace15.dilemma二、用所給的詞適當進行填空。1.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_______(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.2.Anyhelpordonationswillbe_______(grateful)received.3.Hemade_______(occasion)visitstothecinema.4.Creatinganatmosphere_______employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.5.Thefactory_______(typical)produces500chairsaweek.6.There’snothinginschoolthatcanmakeyou___________(scare).Cheeryourselfup.7.Ihavemadean_____________(appoint)withaspecialist,andmymotherwilltakemetoseehim.8.I’dliketobeinformedoftheprocessofyourdealingwithmy_________(plain).9.The____________(major)ofthestudentsholdtheviewthatit’sconvenienttogotoschoolbyelectricbike.10.VinodKhoslasuggeststhatwegetridof80%ofdoctorsandreplacethem____________robots.Keys:1.ranging2.gratefully3.occasional4.where5.typically6.scared7.appointment8.plaint9.majority10.with三、根據(jù)漢語提示寫出適當?shù)亩陶Z。1.Herchildren’sagesr______________threetoeighteen(3歲到18歲之間).2.Thecolouroftheclothwill______________(逐漸褪色)littlebylittle.3._____________________(盡管)hisanger，hisremarkswererestrained.4.Healways_____________________(利用)thegoodweathertogoforawalk.5.Whatdothesetwobikes_____________________(相同)?6.Myteacher’shelpcarriedme__________thoseharddaysinseniorhighschool.7.Ihavespent___________improvingmymaths.（大量的時間）8.__________itscause__________itscurewasunderstood.（既不...也不...）9.Iraisedobjectionatthemeeting,butnowI__________(寧愿）nothavedonethat.Keys:1.rangefrom2.fadeaway3.Inspiteof4.takesadvantageof5.haveinmon6.through7.agreatdealoftime8.Neither;nor9.wouldrather【要點精講】Unit1FestivalsandCelebrations1.rangen一系列；范圍；界限；vi包括；（在一定范圍內(nèi)）變化【教材原句】Theyhaveawiderangeoforigins,suchastheseasonsoftheyear,religions,famousfigures,andimportantevents.它們有著廣泛的起源，如一年中的季節(jié)、宗教、著名人物和重要事件。(1)awiderangeof一系列…；廣泛的；各種各樣的within/inrange在…范圍之內(nèi)beyond/outofrange在…范圍之外(2)rangefrom…to…包括從…到…之間=varyfrom…to…Thepriceofthehouseissohighthatitiswellbeyondourrange.這棟房子的價格太高了，遠遠超出了我們能承受的范圍。Astudyshowsthesafedrivingspeedrangesfrom60kmto80kmperhour.一項研究表明安全駕駛的速度為60到8千米/小時?！眷柟逃柧殹?1)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_______(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.(2)Heisthemanagerofourpany,sohiringandfiringare_______therangeofhisresponsibility.(3)Wehave_______widerangeofchoicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.

Keys:ranging/within/a2.figuren.人物；數(shù)字；身材；畫像；人影v.認為；認定；估計；計算；理解【教材原句】Theyhavefiguredinthecostofourfoodforthetrip.他們已把我們旅游的食物費用計算進去了。(1)figuresthin將某事物包括在內(nèi)；計算在內(nèi)(2)figureout弄清楚；計算出【鞏固訓練】寫出句中figure的詞性和含義①Sheisdietingtokeepherfigurealthoughsheisslim._____________②Canyoureadthisfigure?Isitathreeoraneight?_____________③Hewasoneofthegreatfiguresofhisage._____________④Ican’tfigureoutwhyshesaidso._____________Keys:①n.身材；②n.數(shù)字；③n.人物；④v.理解3.gathervi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割【教材原句】Thisimportantagriculturalfestivaltakesplaceafterallthecropshavebeengatheredin.這一重大的農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)日在莊稼全部收割后來臨。(1)gathertogether/up聚集；收攏(2)gatherround/around圍攏(3)gatherin收割；收獲【鞏固訓練】(1)Allthechildrengathered_____________theoldmantolistentohisstories.(2)Peoplearegratefulbecausetheirfood___________(gather)forthewinterandtheagriculturalworkisover.(3)Thefarmersarebusy_____________(gather)thecropsinthefield.(4)Thepeople_____________,curioustoknowwhatwashappening.人們聚集在一起，好奇地想知道發(fā)生了什么事兒。Keys:1.round/around2.isgathered3.gathering4.gatheredround/around4.gratefuladj.感激的；表示感謝的gratefullyadv.感激地【教材原句】Peoplecelebratetoshowthattheyaregratefulfortheyear’ssupplyoffood.人們通過慶祝來表達他們對一年糧食自給自足的感激之情(1)begrateful/thankfultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人=thanksbforsth區(qū)別：appreciateone’sdoingsth/sth感激某人做了某事Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould/would...=Iwouldappreciateitifyoucould/would...如果你能……我將不勝感激。（用于提出請求）(2)gratituden.感激，感謝show/expressone’gratitudetosbforsth因某事向某人表達感謝【鞏固訓練】(1)I’dbeverygrateful_______youcouldletmeknowassoonaspossible.(2)Anyhelpordonationswillbe_______(grateful)received.(3)Wearegratefultoyou_______yoursupport.(4)I_____________________(因……對你表示感激)yourhelpwhenI’mintrouble.Keys:if/gratefully/for/amgratefultoyoufor5.occasionn.特別的事情（或儀式、慶典）；（適當?shù)模C會；場合；時機【教材原句】Theyareoccasionsthatallowustorelaxandenjoylife，andforgetaboutourworkforalittlewhile.這些場合讓我們放松和享受生活，暫時忘記工作。(1)當occasion表示“機會，時間”，作先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，關(guān)系詞用when。(2)當occasion表示“場合”，作先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，關(guān)系詞用where。(3)如果occasion在定語從句中做主語和賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。(4)onoccasion有時；偶爾;occasionaladj.偶爾的，偶然的;occasionallyadv.有時，偶爾【鞏固訓練】(1)_______thisoccasion,hegotachancetogobackstagetomeettheactors.(2)Occasionsarequiterare_______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.(3)Hemade_______(occasion)visitstothecinema.(4)Thisnotanoccasionforlaughter,_______youmusttakethingsseriously.(5)It’sonthefestivaloccasion_______thefamilygettogether.Keys:1.On/2.when/3.occasional/4.where/5.when6.atmospheren.氣氛；氛圍；（地球的）大氣（層）【教材原句】Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets,enjoyingtherelaxingatmosphere!走在街上，享受著輕松的氣氛，真是太有趣了!(1)It’sfundoingsth做…很有趣(2)intheatmosphere在大氣中；inafriendlyatmosphere以一種友好的氣氛(3)atmosphere做先行詞，如果句子不缺成分，用where引導定語從句，缺成分還是用which/that【鞏固訓練】(1)Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_______allowsthemtomunicatefreelywitheachother.(2)Creatinganatmosphere_______employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.(3)Themeetingwasgoingon____________________________（在友好的氛圍中）Keys:1.that/which;2.where/inwhich;3.inafriendlyatmosphere7.decoratevt.裝飾；裝潢；授予……勛章/獎章【教材原句】Today,insomeEuropeancountries,peopledecoratechurchesandtownhallswithflowersandfruit,andgettogethertocelebrateoverameal.如今在一些歐洲國家，人們用鮮花和水果裝飾教堂和市政廳，聚在一起共享大餐。(1)decorationn.裝飾；裝潢；裝飾品(2)decorate...with以……裝飾……(3)decoratesbfor因為……而授某人勛章【鞏固訓練】(1)Theexhibitionhallisdecorated_______manypaintings.(2)Thegirlwasdecorated_______savingthechildfromdrowning.Keys:1.with2.for8.typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的【教材原句】OneexampleisthetypicalChineseSpringFestivalcustomoflightingfirecrackerstodriveawaytheevilspiritsandcelebratethenewyear.其中一個例子是具有代表性的燃放鞭炮以驅(qū)趕邪靈、慶祝新年的中國春節(jié)習俗。(1)betypicalofsb./sth.是某人/某物的特點(典型)(2)Itistypicalofsb.todosth.某人經(jīng)常做某事。(3)typicallyadv.典型地；代表性地【鞏固訓練】(1)Thefactory_______(typical)produces500chairsaweek.(2)Theview_______(很有代表性)thepeopleofhisgeneration.(3)_____________________(她的一貫作風)togetstraighttothepoint.Keys:1.typically2.isverytypicalof3.Itistypicalofher9.significantadj.有重大意義的；顯著的(1)Itissignificant/importantthatsb(should)dosth…..很重要。asignificantdifferencebetween...and...……和……有明顯差別besignificant/importantforsb/sth=beofsignificance/importancetosb/sth對…重要(2)significancen.重要性，意義attach(great/little)importance/significanceto(doing)sth認為……（很/幾乎不）重要(3)significantlyadv.有重大意義，顯著地【鞏固訓練】(1)Yoursuccesstodaymaybe_______(significance)foryourwholefuture.=Yoursuccesstodaymaybe______________toyourwholefuture.(同義轉(zhuǎn)換）(2)Eatingagooddiet_______(significant)canlessentheriskofheartdisease.(3)Couldyouexplaintomethe_______(significant)ofthispartofthecontract?Keys:1.significant/ofsignificance2.significantly3.significance重點短語1.dress(sb.)up穿上盛裝；裝扮【教材原句】Itisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandgototheirneighbors’homestoaskforsweets.萬圣節(jié)前夕如今成了孩子們的節(jié)日，這天他們可以喬裝打扮去鄰居家要糖果吃。(1)dressupas打扮成……(2)dresssb./oneself給……穿衣（表示動作）(3)bedressedin穿著……（表示狀態(tài)）=bewearing(4)getdressed穿好衣服(5)其他的“穿”：putonsth穿上；戴上(表示動作)；wearsth穿上；戴上(表示動作)bein+顏色(表示狀態(tài)）：穿著…顏色的衣服【鞏固訓練】(1)Hedressedup_______ahunterfortheparty.(2)Sheisusuallydressed_______red，whichmakesherlookmoreenergetic.=Sheisusually_______red,_______(make)herlookmoreenergetic.(3)Themotheris_____________________（給她的寶寶穿衣服）.(4)Hewenttothebedroomto_____________________（穿好衣服）Keys:1.as2.in/in/making3.dressingherbabyup4.getdressed2.takeadvantageof利用；欺騙；占……的便宜【教材原句】Festivalsarebeingmoreandmoremercial,withbusinessestakingadvantageofthecelebrations.節(jié)日變得越來越商業(yè)化，因為商家利用了慶?；顒?。advantagesanddisadvantages利弊beatadisadvantage處于劣勢beatanadvantage處于優(yōu)勢toone’sadvantage/disadvantage對某人有利/不利takeadvantageof=makeuseof利用【鞏固訓練】(1)Hewonthegame,becausehetooktheadvantage_______histalent.(2)Thereare_____________________（利弊)ineverything.Keys:1.of2.advantagesanddisadvantage3.inspiteof不管；盡管【教材原句】AnotherexampleisHalloween，whichslowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren,inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.另一個例子是萬圣節(jié)前夕，盡管它有宗教淵源，但它慢慢地成了讓孩子們興奮的節(jié)日。(1)inspiteof/despite/regardlessof+n/代詞/ving(2)inspiteof/despitethefactthat+句子….(3)although/though/while+句子引導讓步狀語【鞏固訓練】(1)____________(盡管)hisoldage,hewasstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometersinanafternoon.(2)____________(不管)danger,heclimbedthetower.(3)Inspiteoftheheavyrain,wewentshoppingyesterday.=________________________________,wewentshoppingyesterday.（介詞短語）=_______________________________,wewentshoppingyesterday.（狀語從句）Keys:1.Inspiteof2.Regardlessof3.Regardlessof/Despiteoftheheavyrain/Thoughitrainedheavily4.playarole/partina.在……中起作用；b.參與；在……中扮演角色【教材原句】Customsplayasignificantroleinfestivals,butsometimestheycanchangeovertime.習俗在節(jié)日中起著重要的作用，但有時它們會隨著時間的推移而改變。(1)play(perform)animportant/keyrole/partin在……中起重要/關(guān)鍵的作用；在……中扮演重要角色(2)therole/part(that/which)sb.playsin...某人在……中起的作用【鞏固訓練】(1)Weallthinkthatshehasplayedanimportantrole_______carryingouttheplan.(2)It’sourhopethatwewillplay_______greaterroleinthemarketplaceand，therefore，supplymorejobs.(3)Whataninterestingroleshe_______(play)inthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.(4)puters____________________________(在……中起重要作用)ourdailylife.Keys:1.in2.a3.played4.playanimportantrolein5.takeplace發(fā)生；舉行（不用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)）【教材原句】LaTomatinaisafestivalthattakesplaceintheSpanishtownBunoleveryAugust.番茄大戰(zhàn)是每年八月在西班牙小鎮(zhèn)布尼奧爾舉行的一個節(jié)日。(1)taketheplaceof=takeone’splace代替某人；就坐；就職(2)inplaceof=inone’splace代替(3)inplace在正確位置；準備就緒(4)outofplace位置不當；不恰當【鞏固訓練】(1)Theprofessorlikestoputeverything_______place.(2)Itwouldbedifficulttofindamantotake_______placeofthesecretary.(3)Someofthesebooksare_______ofplace.Pleaseputtheminrightorder.(4)Noonecanbe_______placeofhiminFrenchliterature.Keys:1.in2.the3.out4.inUnit2MoralsandVirtues1.majorityn.大部分;大多數(shù)(經(jīng)典佳句)Themajorityofthestudentsholdtheviewthatit’sconvenienttogotoschoolbyelectricbike.大多數(shù)學生持有以下觀點:騎電動車上學很方便?！驹~匯精講】（1）the/amajorityof大多數(shù)的……inthemajority占多數(shù)Afterall,thosewhoareagainsttheprojectareinthemajority.畢竟,反對這個項目的人占多數(shù)。（2）反義詞:minorityn.少數(shù),少部分aminorityof少數(shù)的……Onlyasmallminorityofstudentsareinterestedinpoliticsthesedays.目前，只有極少數(shù)同學對政治感興趣。（3）majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修課程；少校注意：themajorityof后接名詞用法：“themajorityof+名詞”用作主語時,謂語動詞與名詞保持一致?！皌hemajorityof+復數(shù)名詞”用作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù);“themajorityof+不可數(shù)名詞”用作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：1.Themajorityofthebooksarekeptupstairs.2.Themajorityoftheworkhasbeenfinished.[應用]——完成句子①WeChatistothetasteof___________________,especiallytheyouth.②Ibelievethatstudentssupportingmeare_____________.③當我有不同觀點時,我總是尊重多數(shù)人的觀點。_________________________________________________________________________________④這次的損害大部分容易補救。____________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.Keys:themajorityofpeople.2.inthemajority3.WhenIhaveadifferentopinion,Ialwaysrespecttheopinionofthemajority.4.Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.2.plainvi.&vt.抱怨;發(fā)牢騷(經(jīng)典佳句)Myfatherisverybrave,hardworking,responsibleandmostimportantlyheneverplains.我的父親非常勇敢,勤勞,負責,最為重要的是,他從來不抱怨?！驹~匯精講】[應用]——完成句子①.Hephonedanewspaperreportertoplain____________thereporter’sstory.②.JaneismybestfriendandIcanplain____________herwhenIamunhappy.③.I’dliketobeinformedoftheprocessofyourdealingwithmy____________(plain).④一個幽默的抱怨可以造就一個風趣的人，但是太多的抱怨將會讓你的聽眾覺得無趣/疲累。（2020年江蘇卷任務型閱讀）___________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.about2.to3plaint4.Onehumorousplaintmakesafunnyperson.Buttoomanyplaintswillbore/tire/exhaustyouraudience.3.respondvt.回答；回復vt.做出反應；回應(經(jīng)典佳句)Sherespondedtomyletterwithaphonecall.她收到我的信后給我回了個。Whenaskedaboutthepany'sfuture,thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimistic.當被問到公司的未來的時候，經(jīng)理回答說他依然樂觀?！驹~匯精講】(1)respondto...(withsth.)回答，回復；對……做出反應respondthat...回答說……(2)responsen.反應；回答；回復inresponseto作為對……的答復/反應makearesponse(to)(對……)做出回應/反應【易混辨析】respond,answer,replyrespond:為不及物動詞，指對他人的期望等做出適當?shù)幕貞?，是最正式的用詞answer:為及物動詞，指用文字、語言或行動回答，是最普通的用詞reply:為不及物動詞，與answer用法基本相同，但稍正式一些【例句】Iaskedhimhisname,buthedidn'trespond.我問他叫什么名字，可他沒回答。Heansweredthathedidgotherelastnight.他回答說昨天晚上他的確去過那兒。It'syourturnnowtoreplytothesecharges.現(xiàn)在該輪到你對這些指控進行答辯了。[應用]單句語法填空①Devices(設(shè)備)thatcanrecognizeandrespond______ahumanvoicehavebeendeveloped.②Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponse______events,andthatiswhywhattriggers(引起)onepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.③Ifyoudonotunderstandthequestionaskedatasecuritycheckpoint(安檢員),askthepersontorepeathisquestionuntilyouareabletorespond________anaccurateanswer.完成句子卡爾沒有回答我的問題，繼續(xù)吃他的飯。④Carldidn’t_____________myquestion,andcarriedonwithhismeal.(respond)⑤Carl________________________myquestion,andcarriedonwithhismeal.(response)⑥聽到敲門聲后，我媽媽打開了門，但外面一個人都沒有。Mymotheropenedthedoor________________theknock,buttherewasnooneoutside.Keys：1.to2.to3.with4.respondto5.made/gavenoresponseto6..inresponseto4.rejectvt.拒絕接受；不錄用(經(jīng)典佳句)Hewasrejectedbythearmybecauseofhispooreyesightlastyear.去年他因為視力不好而被軍隊拒收?！驹~匯精講】(1)rejectone’sidea/suggestion/plan拒絕接受某人的想法/建議/計劃rejectanargument/adecision/anoffer拒絕接受一個論點/一個決定/一項提議(2)rejectionn.拒絕接受；否決arejectionletter一封回絕信【易混辨析】reject與refusereject:vt.正式用詞，“摒棄，不采用，不使用”。refuse:vi.&vt.普通用詞，“拒絕”。refusesb.sth.拒絕某人某事；refusetodosth.拒絕做某事[應用]單句語法填空①He_______________(reject)bythearmybecauseofhispooreyesightlastyear.②Althoughwritinga_____________(reject)lettercanbedifficult,therearesituationswhereit’sabsolutelynecessary.選詞填空（reject/refuse）③Heloveshisdaughtersomuchthathecan__________hernothing.④I’vebeen____________byallthepaniesIappliedto.⑤Iabsolutely__________totakepartinanythingthat’sillegal.⑥Whenshewassenttoaboardingschool,shefelt____________byherparents.Keys:1.wasrejected2.rejection3.refuse4.rejected5.refuse6.rejected5.appointvt.任命；委派(經(jīng)典佳句)Shewasappointed(as/tobe)monitorattheclassmeeting.在班會上她被任命為班長。Theyappointedhertotakecareofthatoldman.他們派她去照顧那位老人?！驹~匯精講】(1)appointsb.(as/tobe)＋職位某人擔任……職位appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn.任命；委派；約定make/haveanappointmentwithsb.與某人有約keep/breakanappointment守約/違約(3)appointedadj.約定的；指定的[應用]——單句語法填空①Salmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_____________(appoint)toguardher.②Ihatetorushyou,butIhaveanother_______________(appoint).③Tohisjoy,he________________(appoint)asmanager.Afterall,thisrepresentedhisability.Andthemomenthereceivedthe_______________(appoint)letter,hecalledandmadean_______________(appoint)withhisformerteacher,forwhosehelphewasgrateful.Keys:1.appointed2.appointment3.wasappointed;appointment;appointment6.electvt.選舉；推選(經(jīng)典佳句)Sheelectedanartcoursebecauseshewasinterestedinart.因為她對藝術(shù)感興趣，所以選擇了一門藝術(shù)課。Likemen,womenhavetherighttoelectandtobeelected.婦女享有同男子平等的選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)?！驹~匯精講】electtodosth.決定做某事electsb.as選舉某人當……electionn.選舉；推選；當選thefirstroundoftheelection第一輪選舉[應用]——單句語法填空①Congratulations!Iheardyouhavebeen___________(elect)aschairman.②Anincreasingnumberofpeopleelect__________(work)athome.③Theyear1789sawthefirst____________(elect)inAmericanhistorywhereamajorityofpeople___________(elect)GeorgeWashington______thefirstpresident.Keys:1.elected2.towork3.election;elected;as7.tendvt.照顧;照料vi.傾向;趨于(經(jīng)典佳句)I’mwritingtoexpressmysincerethankstoMsWangwhotendedmymotherinthehospital.我寫信真誠地感謝在醫(yī)院里照顧我媽媽的王女士?！驹~匯精講】（1）tendtodosth.傾向于做某事Somepeopletendtolookdownupondisabledpeople.有些人往往瞧不起殘疾人。（2）tendsb./sth.照料/照看……Shewasmoreinterestedintendingpatients.她對于照顧病人更感興趣。(1)tendencyn.傾向,趨勢haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的傾向IhaveatendencytotalktoomuchwhenI'mnervous.我緊張時總愛嘮叨。[應用]——完成句子①WhileIhatetoadmitit,peoplealwaystend____________(judge)apersonbyhisorherappearanceinitially.②Thereisaslow____________(tend)that“thebeatculture”ispopularwiththeyouthsinChina.③人們常常認為這個問題絕不會影響到他們。___________________________________________________________________________④高收入的父母傾向于更頻繁地讓孩子們玩拼圖游戲。___________________________________________________________________________⑤科學家們往往充滿好奇并且野心勃勃。___________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.tojudge2.tendency3.Peopletendtothinkthattheproblemwillneveraffectthem.4.Higherineparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently5.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.8.retirevi.&vt.退休；退職；退出；離開(尤指去僻靜處)(經(jīng)典佳句)Mostpeopleretireat60.大多數(shù)人在60歲時退休。Afterlunch,heretiredtohisstudy.午飯后他去了書房。【詞匯精講】(1)retirefrom...從……退休(役)/退出(2)retiredadj.已退職的；已退休的(3)retirementn.退休；退職[應用]——單句語法填空①Afterhe___________(retire)fromoffice,Tomtookuppaintingforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.②Whentheworldfamoustennisplayerannouncedher______________(retire),shecouldn’thelpcrying.③Hehasagreedtostruggleon,thoughhehopestoretire________hisposition.Keys:1.retired2.retirement3.from9.principlen.道德原則；法則；原則(經(jīng)典佳句)Schoolstrytoteachchildrenasetofprinciples.學校設(shè)法教給孩子們一套道德準則?！驹~匯精講】inprinciple原則上；理論上sticktoone’sprinciples堅持原則beagainstone’sprinciples違背某人的原則asamatterofprinciple作為原則問題[應用]——完成句子①Despitethevarietyofinjuries,several______________(principle)offirstaidcanapplytoallemergencies.②Anyway,Ican’tcheatintheexams—it’s_______________________(違背我的原則)③_______________(原則上),thenewsoftwareshouldmaketheaccountingsystemalotsimpler.④Thoughpoor,hestill_______________________(堅持他的原則).Keys:1.principles2.againstmyprinciples3.Inprinciple4.stickstohisprinciples10.scarevt.驚嚇；使害怕vi.受驚嚇(經(jīng)典佳句)Wewerescaredtodeathwhenthefirebrokeout.Fortunately,itwasputoutbeforeitcausedmuchdamage.突如其來的大火把我們嚇得要死，幸好它被撲滅了，沒有造成很大損失。Hedoesn’tscareeasily.他不輕易害怕?！驹~匯精講】(1)scaresb.todeath把某人嚇得要死scaresb.away/off把某人嚇跑scareo/outof(doing)sth.嚇得某人做/不敢做某事Itscaressb.todosth.使某人害怕去做某事(2)scaredadj.害怕的，擔心的(近義詞：afraid/frightened)bescaredof...害怕/擔心……bescaredtodeath嚇得要死bescaredofdoingsth./todosth.害怕做某事bescaredthat...害怕(3)scaryadj.恐怖的；嚇人的[應用]①Whenwearegettingexcited,angryor__________(scare),ourbodiesalsogothroughmanyphysicalchanges.②Theturkeywasscared___________atthesightofus.③IreallythoughtIwasgoingtofall—itwasa_________(scare)moment.④Thelocalfarmersusedtolightafire__________________(嚇跑)thewolves.Keys:1.scared2.away/off3.scary4.toscareaway/off11.sharpadj.(增長、下跌等)急劇的；鋒利的；明顯的；鮮明的；敏銳的；(語言)尖刻的；劇烈的；急轉(zhuǎn)的adv.(用于時間后表示準時)整(經(jīng)典佳句)Therewasasharpincreaseinunemploymentinthatarealastyear.去年那個地區(qū)的失業(yè)人數(shù)急劇上?！驹~匯精講】sharplyadv.猛烈地；急劇地sharpenvt.&vi.(使)變得鋒利sharpenern.磨具，削具[應用]寫出下列句中sharp的含義①Unfortunately,Icutmyfootasharpstoneandcaughtmyhaironabranch.________②Asweallknow,aneaglehassharpeyesight.__________③Whenwegottothechurchitwasseveno’clocksharp.______④Allthefootmarksarequitesharpandclear.__________⑤Suddenly,hefeltasharppaininthestomach.__________⑥Hefaintedwhenridingtowork.Thebikemadeasharpturntotheleft.__________單句語法填空⑦Thepriceofpetrolhasrisen___________(sharp)sincelastmonth.⑧Thepencildoesn’twritewell；Ishould___________(sharp)itbeforeIdrawthegreatfigure.⑨Hewassharp________hiscolleagueswhentheywerelate.Keys:1.尖的2.敏銳的3.整4.清晰的5.劇烈的6.急轉(zhuǎn)的7.sharply8.sharpen9.with12.replacevt.接替;取代;更換(經(jīng)典佳句)It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem,buttheycanneverreplaceyourownculture.喜歡并向其他的文化學習很好,但是它們永遠無法替代你自己的文化。【詞匯精講】(1)replacesth.withsth.用某物替代某物Iwillnolongeruseoneoffthingsandreplaceplasticbagswithpaperbags.我將不會再使用一次性物品,并且用紙袋替換塑料袋。(2)同義短語:taketheplaceof=takesb.’splace取代Shecouldn'tattendthemeetingsoherassistanttookherplace.她不能參加會議，所以她的助手代她出席。[應用]——完成句子①VinodKhoslasuggeststhatwegetridof80%ofdoctorsandreplacethem____________robots.②Oldbooksarelikeoldfriends.Oncelost,theycannever____________(replace).③新的設(shè)計最終將會取代所有現(xiàn)有的型號。__________________________________________________________________________④研究人員研發(fā)智能鍵盤是為了取代密碼系統(tǒng)嗎？__________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.with2.bereplaced3.Thenewdesignwilleventuallyreplaceallexistingmodels.4.Dotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboardtoreplacethepasswordsystem?13.dilemman.進退兩難的境地;困境(經(jīng)典佳句)Amoraldilemmaisasituationinwhichyouhavetwoormorechoicestomake.道德困境就是你有兩個甚至更多選擇的處境?！驹~匯精講】（1）putsb.intoadilemma使某人陷入困境Whichchoicetotakewillpossiblyputsomepeopleintoadilemma.該做出哪一個選擇很可能使一些人陷于困境中。（2）inadilemma處于困境中Shewasinadilemmaastowhethertostayatschoolorgetajob.她進退兩難,不知該留在學校讀書還是找份工作。[應用]——完成句子①它對某些人有益處,但會使其他人就是否投票陷入困境。_________________________________________________________________________________②當為我自己選擇一個專業(yè)的時候我陷于困境之中。_________________________________________________________________________________③他正面臨著要不要回國的兩難境地。_________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.Itisbeneficialtosomepeople,whileitputothersinadilemmaoverwhethertovoteornot.2.Iamcaughtinadilemmawhenchoosingamajorformyself.3.Heisfacingthedilemmaofwhetherornottoreturntohiscountry重點短語1.carrysb.throughsth.幫助某人渡過難關(guān)(經(jīng)典佳句)ThesewordsofDrLinQiaozhigiveusalookintowhatcarriedherthroughalifeofhardchoices.林巧稚醫(yī)生的這些話可以讓我們了解是什么幫助她渡過人生中的艱難選擇的?！驹~匯精講】(1)carrythrough完成;進行到底It'sadifficultjobbutshe'sthepersontocarryitthrough.這是一項艱巨的工作，但她這個人是能夠順利完成的。(2)carryout執(zhí)行,實行;貫徹;實現(xiàn)Policesaytheybelievetheattackswerecarriedoutbynationalists.警方稱他們認為這些襲擊行為是民族主義分子發(fā)動的。(3)carryon開展;維持;繼續(xù)CarryonwithyourworkwhileI'maway.我不在時你要接著干。(4)carryforward繼承,弘揚Wemustcarryforwardourachievementsandcorrectourmistakes.我們要發(fā)揚成績，糾正錯誤。[應用]——完成句子①誰也不能阻止這個計劃的實施。_____________________________________________________________________________②他靠堅強的信心渡過了艱苦的歲月。_____________________________________________________________________________[應用]——單選③Wecan’t______buyinganewprinterforourpany.Theonewehavedoesn’twork.A.takeup B.carryout C.keepon D.putoffKeys:1.Noonecanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarriedout.2.Hisdeterminationcarriedhimthroughthehardtime.3.D2.agreatdeal(of)大量(經(jīng)典佳句)Thankstopapermakingandprinting,agreatdealofancientinformationhasbeenkeptinbooks.多虧了造紙術(shù)和印刷,大量的古代信息被保存在書里。【詞匯精講】(1）agreatdeal可單獨使用，也可以用在形容詞副詞的比較級前表示“大量，許多”。如：Welearnedagreatdealfromthem.我們從他們那里學到許多東西。HeranagreatdealfasterthanI.他跑得比我快多了。（1）agreatdealof只能用在不可數(shù)名詞前表示“大量的”如：Hehasgivenusagreatdealofhelp.他已經(jīng)給了我們很多的幫助。英語中很多短語表示“大量許多”，根據(jù)性質(zhì)可分為三類：（1）修飾可數(shù)名詞的有:agreat/goodmany;alarge/greatnumberof;scoresof等,謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：Agreat/goodmanywordsandexpressionshaveeintothelanguagefromAmericanEnglish.這種語言吸收了美國英語中的許多單詞和短語。（2）修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:alargemountof;agreatdealof等，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Hehasspentalargeamountofmoneyonhisnewhouse.他已經(jīng)花了很多錢在他的新房子上。（3）既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:alotof;lotsof;plentyof;aquantityof;quantitiesof,謂語動詞按照“主謂一致”語法專題的原則。如：Alargequantityofmoneywasspentonthebridge.很多錢被花在這座橋上。Alargequantityofmaterialswerespentonthebuilding.建造這個大樓耗費了大量的材料。[應用]——完成句子①Undoubtedly,Gaokaomeans__________toeveryChinesestudent.毫無疑問,高考對每一個中國學生意義重大。②Ialsohavefriendswhogaveme_____________encouragement.我還有些朋友給了我很多鼓勵。③Meredith夫人花費大量的時間拜訪窮人們。（2020年全國卷山東新高考卷故事續(xù)寫）_____________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.alot/much/agreatdeal2.agreatdealof/alotof3.Mrs.Meredithspentagreatdealoftimevisitingthepoor.3.neither...nor既不……也不……(經(jīng)典佳句)Lastnightneithermywifenormyparentswereabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.昨天晚上我妻子和我父母都沒能說服我女兒改變主意。(1)neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，連接句中兩個相同的句子成分。連接并列主語時，謂語動詞遵循就近一致原則。Neitherthefathernorthechildrenwereinterestedinthemovie.Neitherthechildrennorthefatherwasinterestedinthemovie.(2)遵循“就近原則”的其他并列連詞：either...or...不是……就是……notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……not...but...不是……而是……Asisknowntoall，notonlythenursesbutalsothedoctorisvery