四川省成都2023-2024學(xué)年高三年級(jí)下冊(cè)入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題

成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校20232024學(xué)年度下期

高三開學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答題前，務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考籍號(hào)填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。

2.答選擇題時(shí)，必須使用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦

擦干準(zhǔn)后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。

3.答非選擇題時(shí)，必須使用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆，將答案書寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。

4.所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷上答題無(wú)效。

5.考試結(jié)束后，只將答題卡交回。

第I卷（100分）

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),

并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一

小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatairlineisthemantaking?

A.ChinaAirline.B.ChinaNorthernAirline.C.ChinaSouthernAirline.

【答案】c

【解析】

【原文】W:Whatairlineareyoutaking?

M:I'mtakingChinaSouthernAirline.

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

A.Thewomanfoundtheessayverydifficult.

B.Theessaywasdifficulttopleteinhalfanhour.

C.Thewomanfoundtheessayeasy.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:Theliteratureessayissoboring.Iworkedallnightandcouldn'tfinishit.

W:Youworkedallnight?Ittookmeonlyonehour.

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whendidthemangettoclassyesterday?

A.At2:30.B.At2:00.C.At1:30.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Don'tblameyourselftoomuch.Itistooearlytostarttheafternoonclassat1:00pm.

M:Notheclasshasbeenrescheduledto2:00pm,andIwasstill30minuteslateyesterday.

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatdoesthemanthinkofthecampus?

A.It'sbeautiful.B.It'saGreekcampus.C.Ifsasmallcampus.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Wow!Idolikethiscampus:thegreenlawns,andtheoldbuildingswithtallcolumns.It'sreally

beautiful.

M:Itsureis.ThearchitectureofthesebuildingsisintheGreekstyle.ltwaspopularintheeighteenthcenturyhere.

5.［此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatdoesthewomanmean?

A.Shewantstocatchthecockroach（螳螂）.

B.Sheasksthewaitertocatchtheinsect.

C.Shewantstoconfirmsomething

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Hi,waiter.Canyoueoverhereandmakeoutwhatthisis?

M:Oh,mygod.Ithinkthafsacockroach（螳螂）.

W:Sothere?snothingwrongwithmyeyes.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，

每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

6.Howarethespeakerstraveling?

A.Byair.B.Bytrain.C.Bycar.

7.Whatisthedestinationofthespeakers?

A.NewYork.B.WashingtonD.C.C.SanJose.

8.Whyarethespeakersgoingtothegasstation?

A.Togetsomegas.B.Tobuysomefood.C.Toaskdirections.

【答案】6.C7,B8.C

【解析】

【原文】M:DoyouseethesignsforWashingtonD.C.?

W:No.Accordingtothemapweshouldbeclosetothecity,butthehighwaysignsdon'tsayanythingabout

WashingtonD.C..

M:Whatnamesdothesignsshow?

W:IseeroadsignsforSanJoseandNewYork.Doyouthinkwe'relost?

M:Yeah,Ithinkwe'regoinginthewrongdirection.IhopewecanreachWashingtonD.C.beforeitgetsdark.

W:Oh,IthinkIseeagasstationupthereontheright.

M:Great!Ihopewehaven'tgonetoofaroutoftheway.

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

9.Wherewasthemanbroughtup?

A.InMunich.B.InWisconsin.C.InLosAngeles.

10.WhatdidthemandoinEurope?

A.Hewenttocollege.

B.Hewenttheretolookforajob.

C.HetraveledandlivedinEuropeforawhile.

11.WhendidthemanleaveMunich?

A.In1984.B.In1995.C.In1997.

【答案】9.B10.C11.C

【解析】

【原文】W:WereyoubominLosAngeles?

M:No,IwasbominChicagoasamatteroffact.

W:Oh,wereyou?

M:Yeah.Igrewupinthesuburbs,inWisconsin,andthenImovedoutherewhenIwasfourteen.

W:Soyouwenttohighschoolhere?

M:Yeah,thafsright.IgraduatedfromLincolnHigh.

W:Andthenyouwenttocollege?

M:No,Notexactly.FirstIwenttoEurope.

W:Oh.Totravel?

M:Well,yes,andIalsolivedinMunichfbrawhile.

W:WhendidyouarriveinMunich?

M:Letmeseenow.Thatwasaboutelevenyearsago.Yeah,in1995.

W:Andhowlongdidyoustaythere?

M:Foralmosttwoyears.

W:Oh,thatmustbeveryinteresting.

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

12.Whereistheman?

A.Intheshop.B.Onthestreet.C.Intheoffice.

13.Howmanykindsofcolorsdoesthemanmention?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.

14.Whatkindofsuitdoesthemanbuy?

A.Theblackpurewoolsuit.

B.Thenavybluewoolsuit.

C.Thegraywoolsuit.

【答案】12.A13.B14.C

【解析】

【原文】W:CanIhelpyou,Sir?

M:rdlikeadarkbusinesssuit,thekindthatnevergoesoutofstyle.Somethinginwool,Iguess.

W:Rightthisway.Wehavesomeexcellentpurewoolsuits.Woolhasthebestofeverything-morefbrt,more

quality,morevalue.Butastostyle,Ithinkyoushouldrealizethateventhemostconservative（傳統(tǒng)的）stylesstill

change.

M:I'msureyou'reright.It?sjustthatI'mafraidofbuyinganewsuiteveryyear.

W:Well,thechangesareusuallynotsogreat.Whatdoyouthinkofthisone?

M:Thafsabittooformalforme.I'dlikeadarkgray,ornavyblue,orblack.ButIpreferasolidcolor.

W:Here,trythisgrayone...Thatlooksalmostthetailormadeforyou.

M:IfsjustwhatIwanted.

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

15.Whatdoesthewomanremendatfirst?

A.Roastbeef.B.Castlesteak.C.Roastchicken.

16.Whatkindofsoupdoesthemanorder?

A.Thecreamofmushroomsoup.

B.Thetomatoandeggsoup.

C.Thechickensoup.

17.Whatdessertdoesthemanorder?

A.Icecream.B.Ricepudding.C.Peachpie.

【答案】15.C16.A17.B

【解析】

【原文】W:MayItakeyourorder,Sir?

M:Well,ifsveryhardtodecide.Isthereanyparticulardishyouwouldremend?

W:Theroastchickenisverygoodtonight.

M:I'mnotveryfondofchicken.Ifeellikeaporterhousesteak（上等的腰肉牛排）tonight...Whatisthiscastle

steakonthemenu?

W:Ifsasmallsteakcookedonagrill.

M:Oh!

W:Maybeyou'dliketotrytoday'sspecial-roastbeef,whichincludesappetizer,soup,salad,choiceofdessert,and

teaorcoffee.

M:IthinkI'lltrythat.

W:Whatappetizerwouldyoulike?

M：rilhavethefruitcocktail.

W:Andthesoup?

M：rilhavethecreamofmushroomsoup,andFdlikeFrenchdressingonmysalad.

W:Verywell,Sir.

M:CanIordermydessertnow?

W:Yes,ofcourse.Wehavepumpkinlayerpie,peachpie,ricepudding,icecream,andchocolatecake.

M：rilhavericepuddingandblackcoffee.

W:OK,Sir.

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

18.Howmanypeoplediedinalandslidein2003?

A.Abouttwohundred.B.Overonethousand.C.Abouttwothousand.

19.WhathasthePhilippinesbannedforseveralyears?

A.Growinggrass.B.Cuttingdowntrees.C.Growingpopulation.

20.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisetoprotectourenvironment?

A.Growingmoreforests.

B.Choppingdowntheoldforests.

C.Gettingbusyinprotectingourcountry.

【答案】18.A19.B20.A

【解析】

【原文】W:Treesareprettyimportanttotheenvironment.Soitmakessensethatifyouchopdowntoomanyof

theseanddon'treplacethem,andyou5regoingtorunintoallsortsofproblems.ThePhilippinesknowsallabout

that.It'slostmorethantwothirdsofitsforestareainlessthanahundredyears.In2003,aslideofalargemassof

dirtandrockdownamountainorcliff,orwecallalandslide,killedaroundtwohundredpeople.Recentlyanother

landslideburiedanentirevillageinmud.Ifsbelievedmorethanonethousandpeopledied.Thecauseofthis

landslideisstillbeingdebated.Mostsayitwastheheavyrainfall.Imeanwe'retalkingabouttwothousand

millimetersofrainintendaysthafsquiteadownpour.Somesayaminorearthquakeplayedapart,whileothers

blamedtheremovaloftrees.Ofcourse,itcouldbeabinationofallthosethings.WhilethePhilippinesbanned

choppingdowntreesforseveralyears,itstartedagainin2005.PartlybecausethePhilippinespopulationisgrowing

atarapidrate,sothelandisneededforhousingandfarming.Sohowdoyousupporttheincreasingpopulation

withoutruiningtheenvironment?Growmoreplantations——forests,whichareformercialuse.Anddon'tdestroy

ournative'sforest.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

WhileattractionsliketheShardandtheLondonEyeofferexcellentperspectives,they'realwaysbusyand

ticketpricesaresteep.Butwithalittleinsiderknowledge,youcansaveyourpoundsandbagyourskylinephotos

withoutthecrowdsthroughaccessingthefollowingviewpoints.

ParliamentHill

Londonismostlyflat,butifyouknowwheretolookthereareafewhillsthatprovidenatural（andfree）high

pointsofferingcityviewswithasideorderoffreshair.

OneofthemostcentralisParliamentHillonHampsteadHeath-at98m,oneofLondon'shighestnatural

viewpoints.Fromhere,onaclearday,youcansitontheparkbenchthatfeaturedinmovieslikeRunFatboyRun

andNotesonaScandal.

Entryfee:free

TheGardenMuseumTower

IfyouexitleftoutofWestminsterstation,battleyourwayoverthebridgeandthenturnright,pasttheviewof

BigBenandwalkalongthesouthsideoftheThames,you'lletoamedieval（中世紀(jì)的）church.

WhileyoumightbeinterestedinBritishgardendesign,ifsthe14thCenturytowerthafsthemainattraction

forphotographers.Climbthe131stepsofthenarrowspiralstaircaseandyou'llemergeontooneofthefinest

riversideviewpointsinthecity-withviewsacrosstothePalaceofWestminsterontheright.

Entryfee:Adultfl6,orToweronly4

TheIFSCloudCableCar

IfyouwanttosoaroverLondoninaglasspod,theobviousplacetogoistheLondonEye.Butacheaperand

crowdfreealternativeistoridetheIFSCloudCableCar.

Theviewsareimpressiveatanytime,buttheCableCarstaysopenlate,soyoucanevenenjoymagnificent

sunsetsfromthewest-facingsideoradmirethetwinklingcitylightsafterdark.

Entryfee:E6oneway

Seabird,Southwark

Londonhasnoshortageofrooftopvenues（場(chǎng)所）offeringknockoutcityscapeviews,soitcanbehardtopick

justoneortwo.Butforlocation,anglesandagreatexperience,itdoesn'tgetmuchbetterthanSeabird,onthe14th

flooroftheHoxtonhotelinSouthwarkwithnothingtoblockviewsonthreesides.

Entryfee:Buyadrink:draughtbeercosts￡6.50orsmallglassofwineis￡9;aportionofolivescosts￡5.

21.Wherecanyougoifyouwanttophotographthe14thCenturytower?

A.TheLondonEye.

B.ThesouthsideoftheThames.

C.Therooftopvenues.

D.AplacenearStPaul'sCathedral.

22.Inwhichviewpointcanyoujustbuyadrinkandenjoyfreecityviews?

A.ParliamentHill.

B.TheGardenMuseumTower.

C.TheIFSCloudCableCar.

D.Seabird,Southwark.

23Whatdothe4viewpointshaveinmon?

A.Theyarefree.

B.Theyarewellknown.

C.Theyarenotcrowded.

D.Theyarenotcheap.

【答案】21.B22.D23.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾處省錢又不擁擠的景點(diǎn)。

【21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)^TheGardenMuseumTower部分的句子“IfyouexitleftoutofWestminsterstation,

battleyourwayoverthebridgeandthenturnright,pasttheviewofBigBenandwalkalongthesouthsideofthe

Thames,you'lletoamedieval（中世紀(jì)的）church.WhileyoumightbeinterestedinBritishgardendesign,ifsthe

14thCenturytowerthafsthemainattractionforphotographers.（如果你從西敏寺車站左出口，過了橋，然后

右轉(zhuǎn)，經(jīng)過大本鐘，沿著泰晤士河南岸走，你就會(huì)來(lái)到一座中世紀(jì)的教堂。雖然你可能對(duì)英國(guó)花園設(shè)計(jì)感

興趣，但對(duì)攝影師來(lái)說(shuō)，這座14世紀(jì)的塔樓才是最吸引人的地方）可知，從泰晤士河南岸，可以拍攝這座

14世紀(jì)的塔樓。故選B項(xiàng)。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)^Seabird,Southwark部分的句子aEntryfee:Buyadrink:draughtbeercosts￡6.50or

smallglassofwineis￡9;aportionofolivescosts￡5.,,（入場(chǎng)費(fèi)：購(gòu)買飲料：生啤酒6.5英鎊，小杯葡萄酒9

英鎊；一份橄欖售價(jià)5英鎊）可知，進(jìn)入Seabird,Southwark的入場(chǎng)費(fèi)是買一杯飲料。故選D項(xiàng)。

【23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的句子uButwithalittleinsiderknowledge,youcansaveyourpoundsandbagyour

skylinephotoswithoutthecrowdsthroughaccessingthefollowingviewpoints.“（但只要掌握——些內(nèi)幕知識(shí)，你

就可以在以下沒有人群的景點(diǎn)拍足夠多的照片）可知，這幾處景點(diǎn)的共同之處在于它們都不擁擠。故選C

項(xiàng)。

B

Technologyhasundoubtedlyopeneduptheworldforme.Literally,inthecaseofmyfullyaccessiblehome.

Mywindowsareautomatic,andmyfrontdoorisautomatictoo.Therearealsomywheelchairs.Iguessthatany

wheelchairuserwillsaythebestinventionisthatofthewheel.Ifsatoolbringingindependenceandfort.

Lastweek,Itookawelldeservedbreakfromworkandwentonastaycationinmylocalarea.Onthefirstday,

IwasheadingfurtheroutinmypowerwheelchairthanI'veeverbeenonmyown.Thischairisalmostlikea

Transformer.Ilikethespeed,thephonechargerandtheflexiblefeature.It'sawonderfulcreation.

However,whiletherearemanybenefitsthatewithtechnology,Istillliveinadisablingworld.Forexample,

outinmypowerwheelchairthatday,feelingfreeandeasy,Iheadedstraighttotheshopnotfaraway.Ideserveto

feelheardandincludedwheninnovationisconcerned.ButwhenIgotthere,Iwasconfrontedbyselfservice

checkouts.Whiletheyaredesignedforeasyandquickservice,formeandmanyotherdisabledpeople,thelackof

facetofaceservicescanputusatadisadvantage.Notonlyarethecheckoutsfartoohigh,theyareawkwardly

designedsothatyoucannotapproachthemwithawheelchair.So,Iwaitedforsomeonetoassistme.Injusta

matterofafewhours,Ihadseenhowtechnologyandaccessibilityadvancementshaveempoweredmethen,inthe

nextbreath,disabledme.

Istillliveinadisablingworldwithsubstandardaccessibility.Therefore,disabledpeoplebyandlargeare

morelikelytorelyonmechanicalandtechnologicaldevicessuchasliftsandmunicationaids.Unfortunately,these

thingsaresometimesabusedandmistreated,makingthepersonrelyingonthemdependentonothers.

24.Howdoestheauthorthinkoftechnologyaccordingtoparagraphs1and2?

A.Hecastssomedoubtsonit.

B.Heshowsmuchgratitudeforit.

C.Heexpressescuriosityaboutit.

D.Hefeelsreallycarefreewithit.

25.Whathappenedtotheauthorintheshop?

A.Hecameacrossmanyotherdisabledpeoplebychance.

B.Hewaitedquiteafewhoursinordertocheckout.

C.Hewasunabletoseekassistancefromothers.

D.Hecouldn'tusetheselfservicecheckoutbyhimself.

26.Whydoestheauthorsayhestilllivesinadisablingworld?

A.Hethinksitisnoteasytomakehisvoiceheard.

B.Someshopsareinaccessibletowheelchairusers.

C.Hefindsitreallyhardtofitinwithnondisabledpeople.

D.Thingsrelatedtotechnologyaresometimesoutofservice.

27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Mydifferentviewsconcerningdisability

BHowImakefulladvantageoftechnology

C.Mylovehaterelationshipwithtechnology

D.HowIliveindependentlyasadisabledman

【答案】24.B25.D26.D27.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要介紹了科技給殘疾人帶來(lái)了便利，但人們對(duì)機(jī)械和科技設(shè)備的使

用和保護(hù)不當(dāng)也為殘疾人的生活帶來(lái)很多不便。

【24題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句"Technologyhasundoubtedlyopeneduptheworldforme."（科技無(wú)疑為我

打開了世界。）和第二段關(guān)鍵句"ThischairisalmostlikeaTransformer.Ilikethespeed,thephonechargerand

theflexiblefeature.Ifsawonderfulcreation."（這把椅子幾乎像個(gè)變形金剛。我喜歡速度、充電器和靈活

的功能。這是一個(gè)奇妙的創(chuàng)造。）可知，作者認(rèn)為科技為自己打開了世界，身為一個(gè)殘疾人，作者利用科技

創(chuàng)造的輪椅獲得了很多便利，由此可知，根據(jù)第1段和第2段內(nèi)容可知，作者對(duì)技術(shù)深表感激。故選B項(xiàng)。

[25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句"Notonlyarethecheckoutsfartoohigh,theyareawkwardlydesignedsothat

youcannotapproachthemwithawheelchair.So,Iwaitedforsomeonetoassistme.”（不僅結(jié)賬臺(tái)太高，而且設(shè)

計(jì)得沒有技巧，以至于你不能用輪椅接近它們。所以，我等著有人來(lái)幫助我。）可知，作者在自助結(jié)賬時(shí)，

由于結(jié)賬臺(tái)太高，他不能用輪椅接近他們，以至于作者不得不等著有人來(lái)幫助自己，由此可知，作者在商

店里不能自己使用自助結(jié)賬。故選D項(xiàng)。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容”Istillliveinadisablingworldwithsubstandardaccessibility.Therefore,

disabledpeoplebyandlargearemorelikelytorelyonmechanicalandtechnologicaldevicessuchasliftsand

municationaids.Unfortunately,thesethingsaresometimesabusedandmistreated,makingthepersonrelyingon

themdependentonothers."（我仍然生活在一個(gè)殘疾的世界，沒有達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此，殘疾人總的來(lái)說(shuō)更可能

依賴機(jī)械和技術(shù)設(shè)備，如電梯和通信輔助設(shè)備。不幸的是，這些東西有時(shí)被濫用和虐待，使依賴它們的人

依賴于其他人。）可知，因?yàn)闄C(jī)械和科技設(shè)備有時(shí)會(huì)被亂用或被人為破壞，導(dǎo)致這些設(shè)備無(wú)法正常使用，在

這種情況下，作者還得求助別人，所以作者說(shuō)自己還生活在一個(gè)殘疾的世界中，由此可知，作者說(shuō)他仍然

生活在一個(gè)殘疾的世界，因?yàn)榕c技術(shù)相關(guān)的東西有時(shí)無(wú)法使用。故選D項(xiàng)。

[27題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段關(guān)鍵句"Technologyhasundoubtedlyopeneduptheworldforme.”（科

技無(wú)疑為我打開了世界。）和最后一段關(guān)鍵句^Unfortunately,thesethingsaresometimesabusedandmistreated,

makingthepersonrelyingonthemdependentonothers.”（不幸的是，這些東西有時(shí)被濫用和虐待，使依賴它

們的人依賴于其他人。）可知，作者在第一、二段中描述了科技給他的生活帶來(lái)的益處，第三段從反面說(shuō)明

了科技對(duì)他的生活產(chǎn)生的影響，作者在最后一段中表明，人們對(duì)機(jī)械和科技設(shè)備的使用和保護(hù)不當(dāng)也為殘

疾人的生活帶來(lái)很多不便，由此可知，作者在本文中表明了他對(duì)科技愛恨交加的態(tài)度，“Mylovehate

relationshipwithtechnology^意為“我與科技愛恨交加的關(guān)系”，選項(xiàng)能夠概括文章的主要內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。

C

Cancerfightinggenesinelephantscouldhelptackleoneofthebiggestkillersofpeople,accordingtoresearch.

Despitetheirlargebodiesandlonglifespans,elephantsaremuchlesslikelytodiefromcancerthanhumans,with

deathratesoflessthan5percent.

Theparadoxhaspuzzledscientistsbecausemorecellsleadtogreaterreplications（復(fù)制），whichincreasesthe

possibilityofthebodyfailingtodetectdamagedDNAorafaultycellthatcanresultintumors（腫瘤）.Elephants

liveforalmostaslongashumansandweighuptofivetons.

However,agroupofBritishandEuropeanscientistssaytheyhavetakenabigsteptowardssolvingPeto's

paradox,namedaftertheBritishepidemiologistSirRichardPeto.Elephants,theysay,carryamuchlargermore

diversegroupoftumorfightingproteins.

Thefindings,publishedlastweekinthejournalMolecularBiologyandEvolution,raisehopesthatthecancer

fightinggenesinelephantscouldbethekeytotacklingcancer,whichkillsabout167,000Britonsyearly.Cells

keepdividingthroughoutanorganism'slife,eachcarryingtheriskofproducingatumor.Oneofthebody's

weaponsisagenecalledp53knownasthe"guardianofthegenome”,whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA.It

encouragesthecelltorepairitselforselfdestruct,keepingthecellfrombiningwithothersandproducingtumors.

Humanshavetwoversionsofp53butelephantshave40,saidtheresearchers.Biochemicalanalysisandputer

simulationsalsoshowedthatanelephanfsp53genesarestructurallyslightlydifferent,providingamuchlarger

anticancertoolkit.Theresearcherssuspectthatwhilefaultycellsmightbeabletoskirttwop53versions,they

cannotbinewithothercellsaseasilyinthefaceofdozens.

Thefindingswillopenthewayforresearchonhowp53genesofelephantsareactivatedandonmedical

treatmentforhumans.

28.Whathaspuzzledscientists?

A.Fewelephantsendupdyingfromcancer.B.Elephantslivelongandweighenormously.

C.Morecellsleadtohigherchancesoftumors.D.Alargerbodyislesslikelytodiscoverfaultycells.

29.WhatcanbelearntfromParagraph4?

A.HowmanyBritonsdieeachyear.B.Howtheanticancergeneworks.

C.Howtheresearchwascarriedout.D.Whatthefindingshavebeenappliedto.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skirt“inParagraph5probablymean?

A.Strengthen.B.Detect.C.Escaped.D.Cure.

31.Whichisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Scientistsfindelephantslivelongerthanhumans.B.P53genesplayessentialroleinpreventingcancer.

C.Elephantgenescouldbekeytofightingcancer.D.Groundbreakingtreatmentforcancerisontheway.

【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，表明大象的抗癌基因可能是對(duì)抗癌癥的關(guān)鍵。

[28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Despitetheirlargebodiesandlonglifespans,elephantsaremuchlesslikelytodie

fromcancerthanhumans,w汕deathratesoflessthan5percent.（盡管大象的身體很大，壽命也很長(zhǎng)，但它們死

于癌癥的可能性比人類小得多，死亡率不到5%。）”可知，讓科學(xué)家們感到困惑的是很少有大象最終死于

癌癥。故選A項(xiàng)。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Cellskeepdividingthroughoutanorganism'slife,eachcarryingtheriskof

producingatumor.Oneofthebody'sweaponsisagenecalledp53knownasthe'guardianofthegenome',which

huntscellswithfaultyDNA.Itencouragesthecelltorepairitselforselfdestruct,keepingthecellfrombillingwith

othersandproducingtumors.（細(xì)胞在生物體的一生中不斷分裂，每個(gè)細(xì)胞都有產(chǎn)生腫瘤的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。人體的武器

之一是被稱為‘基因組守護(hù)者’的p53基因，它會(huì)搜尋有缺陷DNA的細(xì)胞。它鼓勵(lì)細(xì)胞自我修復(fù)或自我毀

滅，防止細(xì)胞與其他細(xì)胞結(jié)合并產(chǎn)生腫瘤。）”可知，從本段我們可以了解到抗癌基因是如何工作的。故選

B項(xiàng)。

[30題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Oneofthebody'sweaponsisagenecalledp53knownasthe"guardianofthe

genome\whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA.（人體的武器之一是被稱為'基因組守護(hù)者'的p53基因，它會(huì)搜

尋有缺陷DNA的細(xì)胞。）”和劃線詞句前文“Humanshavetwoversionsofp53butelephantshave40,saidthe

researchers.Biochemicalanalysisandputersimulationsalsoshowedthatanelephanfsp53genesarestructurally

slightlydifferent,providingamuchlargeranticancertoolkit.（研究人員說(shuō)，人類有兩種p53基因，但大象有40

種。生化分析和計(jì)算機(jī)模擬還表明，大象的p53基因在結(jié)構(gòu)上略有不同，這提供了一個(gè)更大的抗癌工具包。）”

可知，p53基因具有抗癌作用，人類有兩種此類基因，而大象卻有40種，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句^Theresearchers

suspectthatwhilefaultycellsmightbeabletoskirttwop53versions,theycannotbinewithothercellsaseasilyin

thefaceofdozens.（研究人員懷疑，雖然有缺陷的細(xì)胞可能能夠skirt兩種p53,但面對(duì)幾十種，它們無(wú)法輕

易與其他細(xì)胞結(jié)合。）”其中劃線詞匯意思是“繞過，逃避，躲避"，即有缺陷的細(xì)胞（致癌細(xì)胞）有可能

躲避兩種抗癌基因，但是不容易躲避幾十種。故選C項(xiàng)。

[31題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第四段中^Thefindings,publishedlastweekinthejournalMolecularBiologyand

Evolution,raisehopesthatthecancerfightinggenesinelephantscouldbethekeytotacklingcancer,whichkills

about167,000Britonsyearly.（上周發(fā)表在《分子生物學(xué)與進(jìn)化》雜志上的這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓人們看到了希望：大

象身上的抗癌基因可能是治療癌癥的關(guān)鍵。）”和最后一段"Thefindingswillopenthewayforresearchon

howp53genesofelephantsareactivatedandonmedicaltreatmentforhumans.（這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將為研究大象的p53基

因如何被激活以及人類的醫(yī)學(xué)治療開辟道路。）”可知，本文主要講的是大象抗癌基因可能是對(duì)抗癌癥的關(guān)

鍵。故選C項(xiàng)。

D

Thestreets,sidewalksandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheatduringtheday,makingsomeurbanareasacrossthe

UnitedStatesupto6degreesFahrenheithotterthanruralonesduringtheday-and22degreesFhotteratnight.

These“urbanheatislands“canalsodevelopundergroundasthecityheatspreadsdownward,beneaththesurface.

Andbasements,subwaytunnelsandotherundergroundinfrastructurealsoconstantlybleedheatintothe

surroundingearth,creatinghotspots.Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupastheplanetwarms.

AccordingtoanewstudyofdowntownChicago,undergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructures

thatemittheheatinthefirstplace.Suchtemperaturechangesmakethegroundaroundthemexpandandcontract

（收縮）enoughtocausepotentialdamage."Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago5sdowntownwas

deforming,9,saysthestudy'sauthorAlessandroF.RottaLoria,acivilandenvironmentalengineeratNorthwestern

University.

Thefindings,publishedinmunicationsEngineering,exposea“silenthazard（危險(xiǎn)）“tocivilinfrastructurein

citieswithsofterground——especiallythosenearwater——RottaLoriasays."Theremighthavebeenstructural

issuescausedbythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwedidn'tevenrealize,headds.Whilenotan

immediateordirectdangertohumanlives,thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesserknown

ponentofclimatechange.

Similartoclimatechangeabovethesurface,theseundergroundchangesoccuroverlongperiodsoftime.

“Theseeffectstookdecades,acentury,todevelop,9,RottaLoriasays,addingthatelevatedunderground

temperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimetodissipate（逐漸消失）ontheirown.

Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsaythiswastedenergycouldalsoberecycled,presentingan

opportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdated

withtechnologiestorecapturetheheat.Forexample,waterpipescouldbeinstalledtorunthroughunderground

hotspotsandpickupsomeoftheheatenergy.

32.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“urbanheatislands”?

A.Theycandevelopundergroundstructures.

B.Theyareimpactedbyglobalwarming.

C.Theycandestroythegroundaround.

D.TheyonlyexistintheUnitedStates.

33.WhydoesAlessandroF.RottaLoriamention“silenthazard“inparagraph3?

A.Todiscussstructuralissues.

B.Tocategorizeclimatechange.

C.Toexplainundergroundheat.

D.Toemphasizetheneglectedreality.

34.Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutintheparagraphthatfollows?

A.Thefutureoftunnelsandbasements.

B.Thereusingapproachesofheatenergy.

C.Thecostofmaintainingstructures.

D.Theevolutionofundergroundenvironment.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WarmingUnderground,WeakeningSurface

B.ASilverLiningofGlobalWarming

C.UrbanSilentIslandsintheMaking

D.ASilentCrisisinDowntownChicago

【答案】32.B33.D34.B35.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了地下氣候變暖對(duì)城市地面建筑的負(fù)面影響的隱蔽性與長(zhǎng)期性，

以及介紹潛在的解決方案.

【32題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話"Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupastheplanetwarms.（現(xiàn)在隨著

地球變暖，地下熱量正在積聚）”可知，“城市熱島”是受到全球氣候變暖的影響。故選B。

【33題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中AlessandroF.RottaLoria所說(shuō)的“"Theremighthavebeenstructuralissuescaused

bythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwedidn'tevenrealize（發(fā)生的這種地下氣候變化可能已

經(jīng)造成了建筑結(jié)構(gòu)上的問題，我們甚至沒有意識(shí)到）”以及最后一句話"Whilenotanimmediateordirect

dangerto