高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)11 閱讀理解-詞義猜測(cè)之代詞指代（含解析）-人教版高三英語(yǔ)試題

專題限時(shí)集訓(xùn)(十一)閱讀理解—詞義猜測(cè)之代詞指代A(2019·綿陽(yáng)市診斷性考試)WhenIwasakid，Iwasthegirlwhokeptthetrainingwheelsonmybikeaslongaspossible.Evenmyyoungersisterhadgotridofthemmuchearlierthanme.ButasIbegantogrowolder，thischanged.AllthishappenedontheBikeSafetyDay.Itissupposedtobeafundayatschoolwhenallofuskidsbringourbikestoschoolandtheschoolprovidesuswiththeopportunitytorideoutsideandlearnproperbikesafety.Soundslikefun，right？No.Infact，itcausedmetopanic.WhatwasIgoingtosaywhenmyfriendsaskedmeaboutmytrainingwheels?Withthepressureofeveryoneseeingmytrainingwheels，Ideterminedtoletthemgo.ThiswasthefirstbigchangeI'devermadeonmyown.Iwenttomyparentsandtoldthemallaboutmydilemma.Theyweremorethanhappytohelp.Wewentoutsideandgotmybike.Insteadofrunningawayandhidingbehind，Istoodinfrontofmybikeandtookgreatprideinmydecisionasmydadremovedthetrainingwheels.Igotonandsteadiedmyself.Myheartracedbutmyfeetandhandswerecalm.MydadstartedtopushbeforemyfeetevenmovedandsuddenlyIwasoff.Thefearfadedawayandarelaxedmindcameintoitsplace.ItwascrazytothinkhowquicklyIlearnedsomethingthattooksolongformetoeventry!Myconfidencesoared(高漲)．Thiswasgoingtobethestartofabrandnewworldforme.Myaccomplishmentwouldcarrymeforthtonewgoalsandwins.IrealizedthatifIsetmymindondoingsomething，Icouldachieveit.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文講述了作者小時(shí)候遲遲不敢去掉自行車的穩(wěn)定輪，在學(xué)?！白孕熊嚢踩铡眮?lái)臨之前因?yàn)楹ε峦瑢W(xué)看見(jiàn)她的穩(wěn)定輪而最終下決心去掉它們。1．WhatdoestheschoolexpectthestudentstodoonBikeSafetyDay?A．Havetheirbikeschecked.B．Rideoutsideforfun.C．Acquirebikesafetyskills.D．Removethetrainingwheels.C[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的theschoolprovidesuswiththeopportunitytorideoutsideandlearnproperbikesafety可知，學(xué)校想讓學(xué)生在“自行車安全日”學(xué)會(huì)一些自行車安全技能，故選C項(xiàng)。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?A．Theauthor'sfriends.B．Theauthor'sparents.C．Thesafetyproblems.D．Thetrainingwheels.D[考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及畫線詞所在句的前半部分Withthepressureofeveryoneseeingmytrainingwheels可知，作者迫于害怕別人看見(jiàn)自己的自行車穩(wěn)定輪的壓力才決心去掉它們，故畫線詞指的就是“穩(wěn)定輪”，故選D項(xiàng)。]3．Whathappenedwhentheauthorfinallyrodewithoutthetrainingwheels?A．Shefeltextremelyembarrassed.B．Everythingturnedouttobeeasy.C．Sheendedupfallingdown.D．Hersistersfollowedherexample.B[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不敢嘗試的東西，作者竟學(xué)得很快，由此可推知只要努力嘗試，就沒(méi)有解決不了的難事，故選B項(xiàng)。]4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkisnecessaryforhertoachieveagoal?A．Patience. B．Determination.C．Pressure. D．Concentration.B[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，作者意識(shí)到如果自己下定決心做一件事的話，自己就會(huì)做到。由此可推知，作者認(rèn)為對(duì)于她來(lái)說(shuō)實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵在于決心，故選B項(xiàng)。]B(2019·廣州市綜合測(cè)試)In1874，F(xiàn)rancisGalton，aBritishprofessor，analysedtosampleofEnglishscientistsandfoundthevastmajoritytobefirstbornsons.Thisledhimtotheoriesthatfirstbornchildrenenjoyedaspeciallevelofattentionfromtheirparentsthatallowedthemtoadvanceintellectually.HalfacenturylaterAlfredAdler，anAustrianpsychologist，madeasimilarargumentrelatingtopersonality.Firstbornchildren，hesuggested，weremorediligent，whilethelater-bornweremoreoutgoingandemotionallystable.Manysubsequentstudieshaveexploredtheseideas，buttheirfindingshavebeenvaried—somesupportingandsomerejectingtheoriginalconclusions.Themainproblemwiththepreviousstudiesisthattheyweretoosmall—oftenlimitedtoafewdozenindividuals.Thiswouldbetrueevenifthestatisticalmethodsneededtoanalysethedataweresimple，buttheyarenot.Distinguishingbirthordereffectsfromthosecausedbyfamilysizematters，meaningstillbiggersamplesmustbeanalysedtoobtainmeaningfulresults.Toovercomethelimitationoftheseearlierstudies，GermansocialscientistDrHelmetSchmukleandhiscolleaguesanalysedthreehugesetsofdatefromAmerica，BritainandGermany.Thesedatasets，thoughcollectedforotherpurposes，includedpersonalityandintelligencetestson20，186peopleatdifferentstagesoftheirlives.TheAmericantestswereonindividualsagedbetween29and35.TheBritishtestswereconductedon50-year-olds.TheGermantestsranthewholespanofadultlife，from18to98.Birthorder，theyfound，hadnoeffectonpersonality：firstbornchildrenwerenomore，norless，likelythantheiryoungersiblingstobehard-working，outgoingoranxious.Butitdidaffectintelligence.Inafamilywithtwochildren，thefirstchildwasmoreintelligentthanthesecond60%ofthetime，ratherthanthe50%thatwouldbeexpectedbychance.Onaverage，thistranslatedtoadifferenceof1.5IQpointsbetweenfirstandsecondsiblings.Thatfigureagreeswithpreviousstudies，andthuslooksconfirmed.Itis，nevertheless，quiteasmalldifference—andwhetheritisenoughtoaccountforGalton'soriginalobservationisunclear.Inanyevent，itiscertainlynotdeterministic.Galtonwastheyoungestofnine.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。英國(guó)教授曾經(jīng)提出，老大由于受到父母特殊的關(guān)注，智商比老二高，奧地利心理學(xué)家阿爾弗雷德·阿德勒在半個(gè)世紀(jì)后也提出相似的觀點(diǎn)。但是，德國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)家HelmetSchmukle博士經(jīng)過(guò)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，出生順序?qū)π愿駴](méi)有影響，但是確實(shí)會(huì)影響孩子的智力。5．AlfredAdlerconcludedthatfirstbornchildrenwere．A．morestableB．moresociableC．moreintelligentD．morehard-workingD[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第四句可知，奧地利心理學(xué)家阿爾弗雷德·阿德勒認(rèn)為，頭胎的孩子更勤奮，而晚出生的孩子更外向，情緒更穩(wěn)定。故D項(xiàng)正確。]6．Whatdoestheunderlined“they”inParagraph2referto?A．Thedata.B．Theanalyses.C．Thepreviousstudies.D．Thestatisticalmethods.D[考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，分析數(shù)據(jù)所需的統(tǒng)計(jì)方法很簡(jiǎn)單，但事實(shí)并非如此。據(jù)此可推知，該句中的they指代句中的statisticalmethods，故D項(xiàng)正確。]7．WhywasSchmukle'sstudyconsideredsuperiortopreviousresearch?A．Itinvolvedawideragerange.B．Ithadamuchlargersamplesize.C．Itincludedalargernumberofcountries.D．Itwasconductedoveralongerperiodoftime.B[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段前兩句可知，為了克服這些早期研究的局限性，德國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)家HelmetSchmukle博士和他的同事分析了來(lái)自美國(guó)、英國(guó)和德國(guó)的三大數(shù)據(jù)集，這些數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)不同生活階段的20186人進(jìn)行了性格和智力測(cè)試。據(jù)此可知，HelmetSchmukle博士研究的先進(jìn)之處是研究的樣例較多，故B項(xiàng)正確。]8．WhydoestheauthormentionGalton'sfamilybackgroundinthelastparagraph?A．ToconfirmGalton'sdifficultupbringing.B．TosuggestGalton'stheorymaynotbecorrect.C．TocomparehisexperiencewithGalton'sparents.D．ToexplainwhyGaltonwasinterestedinbirthorder.B[考查寫作意圖。根據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，Galton教授的結(jié)論是，由于得到父母特殊的關(guān)注，第一個(gè)出生的孩子智商較高；根據(jù)尾段可知，這種結(jié)論是否能充分解釋Galton最初的觀察結(jié)果是不確定的，Galton是家中最小的孩子，而他是一名教授。據(jù)此可推知，尾段提出Galton的家庭背景旨在說(shuō)明Galton的理論可能是錯(cuò)誤的，故B項(xiàng)正確。]C(2019·洛陽(yáng)市統(tǒng)一考試)Thereismoreofaconnectionbetweenfoodandculturethanyoumaythink.Onanindividuallevel，wegrowupeatingthefoodofourculture.Itbecomesapartofwhoweare.Manyassociatefoodfromourchildhoodwithwarmfeelingsandgoodmemoriesandittiesustoourfamilies，holdingaspecialandpersonalvalueforus.Foodfromourfamilyoftenbecomesthecomfortfoodweseekasadultsintimesoffrustrationandstress.Onalargescale，traditionalfoodisanimportantpartofculture.Italsooperatesasanexpressionofcultureidentity.Immigrantsbringitwherevertheygo，anditisasymbolofpridefortheircultureandmeansofcopingwithhomesickness.Manyimmigrantsopentheirownrestaurantsandservetraditionaldishes.However，thefooddoesnotremainexactlythesame.Somematerialsneededtomaketraditionaldishesmaynotbereadilyavailable，sothetasteandflavorcanbedifferentfromwhattheywouldprepareintheirhomecountries.Additionally，immigrantsdonotonlyselldishestopeoplefromthesamecountriesasthem，buttopeoplefromdifferentcountries.Therefore，theyhavetomakesmallchangesabouttheoriginaldishestocatertoawiderrangeofcustomers.Thosechangescancreatenewflavorsthatstillkeeptheculturalsignificanceofthedishes.Weshouldembraceourheritage(傳統(tǒng))throughourculture'sfoodbutalsobecomemoreinformedaboutotherculturesbytryingtheirfood.Itisimportanttorememberthateachdishhasaspecialplaceintheculturetowhichitbelongs，andisspecialtothosewhoprepareit.Foodisawindowintoculture，anditshouldbetreatedassuch.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。主要探討了食物和文化之間的聯(lián)系。9．What'sthefunctionoffoodmentionedinthetext?A．Tohelpmotivatehomesickness.B．Toshownationalidentity.C．Toreflectacountry'shistory.D．Toshowacommunity'ssuperiority.B[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根