英語師生互動學(xué)習(xí)小游戲有內(nèi)容課件

SantaClausTheoriginofalegendSantaiscomingtotown Nowthatweareapproachingtheendoftheyear,childrenallovertheworldarewritingtheirletterstoSantaaskingforgiftsandlookingforwardtohisvisitonDecember25th;however,dowereallyknowwhoisSantaClausandhowhebecomeassociatedwithChristmas?WhoisSanta?SantaClaus,

SaintNicholas,

SaintNick,

FatherChristmas,

KrisKringle,

Sinterklaas,Santy,orViejitoPascuero,aredifferentnamesfromdifferentcountriesforthesamefigure.Thismerryman

isafigurewithalegendary,historicalandfolkloric

origins,fromtheDutchSinterklaas

mixingupelementsofthegodOdinandfinallybroughtuptogetherbymodernadvertisements.SaintNicholasSaintNicholasofMyrawasa4th-century

Greek

Christianbishopof

Myra

(now

Demre)in

Lycia,aprovinceofthe

ByzantineEmpire,nowinTurkey.Nicholaswasfamousforhisgenerousgiftstothepoorandwidelyrecognizedforhisgenerosity.Hebecamethepatronsaintoflittleandschoolchildren.TheDutchwereresponsibleforpreservingthetraditionofthefeastofSaintNicholasonDecember6th(dateofhisdeath)afterEuropeancountriestriedtoabolishitaftertheProtestantReformation.Germanicpaganism,Odin,andChristianizationPriortoChristianization,theGermanicpeoples

(includingtheEnglish)celebratedamidwinterfestcalledYule.

Duringthisperiod,asupernaturalandghostlyeventcalledWildHunthappened.TheWildHuntwasaghostlyprocessionthroughtheskywhoseleaderwasgodOdin

the"long-beard“.Fromhimthemodernfigurehashislongbeardandthehorseheridesatnight.DutchConnectionIntheNetherlandsandBelgium,nexttoSinterklaas,thecharacterofSantaClausisalsoknown.Heisknownas

deKerstman

inDutch("theChristmasman")andPereN?el

("FatherChristmas")inFrench.ButforchildrenintheNetherlandsSinterklaasisthepredominantgift-giverinDecemberatSinterklaasday,Christmasisused byanotherhalfoftheDutchpopulationtogivepresents.InBelgium,presentsaregiventochildrenonly,buttoalmostallofthem,onSinterklaasday.OnChristmasDay,everybodyreceivespresents,butoftenwithoutSantaClaus'shelp.IntheNetherlandsSinterklaas'helperisSwartePiet

notanelfAftertheXVIIcentury,DutchpeopleemigratedtotheUnitedStates.Onseveraldecadesafter,thecustomofcelebratingtheFeastofSaintNicholasspreadtotheUnitedStatesandSinterklaasbecameSantaClausforAmericans.FatherChristmasFatherChristmasdatesbackasfaras16thcenturyinEnglandduringthereignofHenryVIII.Hewaspicturedasalargemaningreenorscarletrobeslinedwithfur.

HerepresentedthespiritofgoodcheeratChristmas,bringingpeace,joy,goodfoodandwine.Britishdidn'tkeepSaintNicholasDayonDecember6th,soFatherChristmascelebrationwasmovedtoDecember25thtocoincidewithChristmasDay.

FatherChristmasTheVictorianrevivalofChristmasincludedFatherChristmasastheemblemof'goodcheer‘.

Hisphysicalappearanceinspiredbyonefamousimage:the

illustrationofthe"GhostofChristmasPresent"inCharlesDicken′sbook“AChristmasCarol”(1843).FatherChristmasisnowwidelyseenassynonymouswiththeSantaClausfigure.XIXCenturywrittenworksWrittenversionoftheimageofSantaClauswerepublishedinUnitedStates.Howeverin1822,adentistwroteapoemtitled“AvisitfromSaintNicholas”.InhisdescriptionSantaClauswasasmallpersonlikefairyandheridasledandgivingpresenttowellbehavechildren.Manyofhismodernattributesareestablishedinthispoem:heisridingina

sleigh

thatlandsontheroof,enteringthroughthechimney,andhavingabagfulloftoys.St.Nickisdescribedas:"chubbyandplump,arightjollyoldelf"with"alittleroundbelly",that"shookwhenhelaughedlikeabowlfulofjelly",inspiteofwhichthe"miniaturesleigh"and"tinyreindeer"stillindicatethatheisphysicallydiminutive.Thereindeer

werealsonamed:Dasher,Dancer,Prancer,Vixen,Comet,Cupid,DunderandBlixem(DunderandBlixemcamefromtheoldDutchwordsforthunderandlightning,whichwerelaterchangedtothemoreGermansoundingDonnerandBlitzen)FromnowonSantawasportrayedindozenofdrawingsindifferentstyles:XXCenturydrawingsBytheendofthe1920s,astandardAmericanSantahademergedfromtheworkofN.C.Wyeth,J.C.Leyendecker,NormanRockwellandotherpopularillustrators.Santanowwaslife-sizedinared,fur-trimmedsuit.Theimagewassolidifiedin1931byHaddonSundblomwhenCoca-Colapublisheditsthirty-fiveyearsadvertisementsusingSanta′simageasitscenter.RudolphRudolphwasaddedastheninthreindeerin1939inapoembyRobertL.MayoftheMontgomeryWardCompany.SantaClausinAdvertisementFromSaintNicholastoSantaClausIt'sbeenalongjourneyfromthe4thCenturySaintNicholasBishopof

MyratoAmerica