山東省威海市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題

高二英語本試卷共10頁。滿分150分。考試用時120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、座號、考生號等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1Whenwillthewoman’smothergettoLondon?A.OnAugust15th.B.OnAugust16th.C.OnAugust17th.2.Howwillthewomanprobablygotothecinema?A.Bycar.B.Bytaxi.C.Bysubway.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Acelebrity.B.Amuseum.C.Aprovince.4.Whatadvicedoesthewomanneed?A.Howtoloseweight.B.Howtojogproperly.C.Howtobalancethediet.5.Whathappenedtothewoman?A.Shegotaflattire.B.Shewasknockedover.C.Shelostcontrolofherbike.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6和第7題。6.WheredoesMarkprobablywork?A.Inahospital.B.Inanursinghome.C.Inarestaurant.7.WhatdoesMarkthinkofhisjob?A.It’seasy.B.It’sfortable.C.It’senjoyable.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatkindofroomsdoesthecenteroffer?A.Singlerooms.B.Familyrooms.C.Doublerooms.9.Whereisbreakfastserved?A.IntheThairestaurant.B.IntheItalianrestaurant.C.IntheChineserestaurant.10.Whichsportmightbeofferedbythecenter?A.Yoga.B.Swimming.C.Badminton.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Answersomequestions.B.Joinhisteam.C.Watchapetition.12.Whatsubjectisthewomangoodat?A.Math.B.History.C.Geography.13.Wherewillthepetitionbeheld?A.Inthegym.B.Inthelibrary.C.Inthecafeteria.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdoesthewomanliketodoinholidays?A.Dowatersports.B.Takephotographs.C.Paintpictures.15.Wheredoesthemanprefertospendaholiday?A.Onthecoast.B.Inoldcities.C.Inlibraries.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkofcampingatnight?A.Unfortable.B.Expensive.C.Interesting.17.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Holidayplans.B.Summeractivities.C.Travelexperience.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatmightthespeakerbe?A.Anarchitect.B.Atourguide.C.Abusinessman.19.WhatwastheHillHousemadeof?A.Wood.B.Brick.C.Concrete.20.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheHillHouse?A.Wellpreserved.B.Welldecorated.C.Environmentfriendly.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWithbrandnewproductsconstantlyemerging,itcanbehardtokeeptrackofwhatthingstosellin2023.Thesecrettosellingnewpopularproductsistofindwinningproductsbeforetheybeemainstream.Soifyou’relookingforthebestnewproductsof2023beforeyourpetitorsdiscoverthem,readon.SmarttemperaturesensorsWithmostcountrieshavingfourseasonsinayear,smarttemperaturesensorswillsurelyattractcustomersfromaroundtheglobe.Peoplecanusethesensortocheckthetemperature,humiditylevel,etc.Then,theycansharethisdatawithothersmartdevicesthatregulatethetemperatureintheirroom(smartheaters,curtains,etc.).Therichfunctionalitymakesitoneofthebestproductstosellin2023.BiomagneticearstickersWe’dneverimaginedadaywhenearringswouldhelpyouimprovebloodcirculation(循環(huán)),butthatdayhase.Biomagneticearstickersputpressureonyourearsandstimulatebloodflow.It’ssaidthatmagnetscanalsohelpwithweightloss.However,besurenottomakeanyclaimsabouthowmuchweightyourcustomerswilllose.Notmakingdefinitiveclaimsisamonpracticeinfitnessandhealthcaretoavoidlegalaction.ReusablestrawsReusablestrawsmakeagreatproduct,especiallyifyouhaveanecofriendlyproductstore.Youcanpositiontheproductasgoodfortheenvironmentwhileprotectingmarinelifefromplasticwaste.Remember:abusinessthatmakestheworldabetterplaceisthebestkindofbusiness.1.Whatmakessmarttemperaturesensorsgetpopular?A.Beingselfoperating. B.Beingecofriendly.C.Beingmultifunctional. D.Beingmoneysaving.2.Whymightpeoplechoosebiomagneticearstickers?A.Tomonitorhealth. B.Toboostbloodflow.C.Tosharpenhearing. D.Tolowerbloodpressure.3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Productdesigners. B.Storekeepers.C.Fashioncustomers. D.Environmentalists.【答案】1.C2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾個新的銷售流行產(chǎn)品?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Smarttemperaturesensors”部分的“Therichfunctionalitymakesitoneofthebestproductstosellin2023.(豐富的功能使其成為2023年銷售最好的產(chǎn)品之一。)”可知，多功能使得智能溫度傳感器變得受歡迎，故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Biomagneticearstickers”部分的“Biomagneticearstickersputpressureonyourearsandstimulatebloodflow.(生物磁性耳貼可以給耳朵施加壓力，刺激血液流動。)”可知，生物磁性耳貼可用于促進血液流動，故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thesecrettosellingnewpopularproductsistofindwinningproductsbeforetheybeemainstream.Soifyou’relookingforthebestnewproductsof2023beforeyourpetitorsdiscoverthem,readon.(銷售新的流行產(chǎn)品的秘訣是在它們成為主流之前找到獲勝的產(chǎn)品。因此，如果你在競爭對手發(fā)現(xiàn)2023年最好的新產(chǎn)品之前就在尋找，請繼續(xù)閱讀。)”以及“Smarttemperaturesensors(智能溫度傳感器)”、“Biomagneticearstickers(生物磁性耳貼)”以及“Reusablestraws(可重復(fù)使用的吸管)”可知本文主要介紹了幾種新的銷售流行產(chǎn)品，可知本文是寫給零售商的，故選B項。BNASAhasputUranusfrontandcenteraccordingtoitslatestreport.Itstoppriorityforthenextdecadeofspaceexplorationinsolarsystemisspendingseveralbilliondollarsonanewimportantmissiontotheouterplanet.Uranusdeservesacloserlook.Onlyonespacecraft,Voyager2,hasevervisitedtheseventhplanetfromthesunin1986.Thevisitwasshort:Uranuswasonestoponthe1986tourofthesolarsystem,andthespacecraftmadeitsobservationswhileonthemove.WhatscientistsareremendingnowisamissionspecificallydesignedtostudyeverythingabouttheUraniansystem,includingtheplanet,itsmoonsanditsrings.Onemightassumethatweareprettyfamiliarwithourneighbor.However,evenwiththebestspacetelescopes,itisdifficulttostudyaplanetthatistwiceasfarfromEarthasisSaturn,andmuchsmallerthanSaturn.NameanyaspectoftheUraniansystem,andplanetaryscientistscangiveyoualistofunansweredquestionsaboutit.Unliketheotherplanets,Uranusspins(高速旋轉(zhuǎn))onitsside,possiblytheresultofacrashwithanEarthsizedobjectlongago.Thisuniquetilt(傾斜)causesthemostextremeseasonsinthesolarsystem.BygettingtoknowUranus,planetaryscientistscanlearnaboutaclassofplanetscalledicegiants,oneofthemostmonplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem.Inordertoknowmoreabouticegiants,scientistsshouldexaminemorecloselyoneofourown.TheypickedUranusoverNeptuneforpracticalreasons.Forexample,Neptune,whichsince2006hashadthedistinctionofbeingtheoutermostplanetinoursolarsystem,isfarther.Withtherocketsystemscurrentlyinoperation,Uranusiseasiertoreach.Planetaryscientistssawthemissionasabreakthroughbecauselittleisknownabouticegiants.It’ssuretherearegoingtobelotsofsurprisesoncemangetsthere.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthe1986visittoUranus?A.Itwascostlybutfruitful. B.Uranus’moonswerefound.C.Itwasspeciallydesigned. D.Uranuswasobservedonthemove.5.Whatdoestheunderlined“ourneighbor”inparagraph3referto?A.Moon. B.Earth. C.Saturn. D.Uranus.6.WhatmakestheUranusmissionsoimportant?A.Morewillbeknownabouticegiants.B.UranusisaringedplanetlikeNeptune.C.Uranusisthefarthestplanetthatcanbereachednow.D.ThecauseofUranus’extremeseasonswillbeexplained.7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.TorevealthemysteriesofUranus.B.TointroduceanexploringfocusofNASA.C.Tostressscientists’effortsatspaceexploration.D.TodiscussthepossibilitiesofexploringUranus.【答案】4.D5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。美國國家航空航天局根據(jù)其最新報告將天王星置于中心位置，并在未來十年的太陽系太空探索中，打算花費數(shù)十億美元執(zhí)行一項新的重要任務(wù)?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Uranuswasonestoponthe1986tourofthesolarsystem,andthespacecraftmadeitsobservationswhileonthemove.(天王星是1986年太陽系之旅的一站，航天器在移動中進行了觀測。)”可知，1986年天王星被航天器在移動中進行了觀測，故選D項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“WhatscientistsareremendingnowisamissionspecificallydesignedtostudyeverythingabouttheUraniansystem,includingtheplanet,itsmoonsanditsrings.(科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在建議的是一項專門研究天王星系一切的任務(wù)，包括行星、衛(wèi)星和光環(huán)。)”和第三段劃線詞所在句子“Onemightassumethatweareprettyfamiliarwithourneighbor.However,evenwiththebestspacetelescopes,itisdifficulttostudyaplanetthatistwiceasfarfromEarthasisSaturn,andmuchsmallerthanSaturn.NameanyaspectoftheUraniansystem,andplanetaryscientistscangiveyoualistofunansweredquestionsaboutit.(有人可能會認為我們和鄰居很熟悉。然而，即使使用最好的太空望遠鏡，也很難研究一顆距離地球兩倍于土星、比土星小得多的行星。說出天王星系的任何方面，行星科學(xué)家都可以給你一份關(guān)于它的未回答問題清單。)”可推理出第三段劃線詞指代的是天王星，故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“BygettingtoknowUranus,planetaryscientistscanlearnaboutaclassofplanetscalledicegiants,oneofthemostmonplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem.(通過了解天王星，行星科學(xué)家可以了解一類被稱為冰巨星的行星，這是太陽系以外最常見的行星之一。)”可知研究天王星對研究冰巨星有幫助，可推理出使得天王星研究變得重要的是更多關(guān)于冰巨星的信息將被了解，故選A項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“NASAhasputUranusfrontandcenteraccordingtoitslatestreport.Itstoppriorityforthenextdecadeofspaceexplorationinsolarsystemisspendingseveralbilliondollarsonanewimportantmissiontotheouterplanet.(美國國家航空航天局根據(jù)其最新報告將天王星置于中心位置。它在未來十年的太陽系太空探索中的首要任務(wù)是花費數(shù)十億美元執(zhí)行一項新的重要任務(wù)。)”、倒數(shù)第二段“BygettingtoknowUranus,planetaryscientistscanlearnaboutaclassofplanetscalledicegiants,oneofthemostmonplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem(通過了解天王星，行星科學(xué)家可以了解一類被稱為冰巨星的行星，這是太陽系以外最常見的行星之一)”以及最后一段“Planetaryscientistssawthemissionasabreakthroughbecauselittleisknownabouticegiants.It’ssuretherearegoingtobelotsofsurprisesoncemangetsthere.(行星科學(xué)家認為這次任務(wù)是一次突破，因為人們對冰巨星知之甚少。一旦人類到達那里，肯定會有很多驚喜。)”可推理出，本文的主要目的是介紹美國國家航空航天局的一個探索重點，故選B項。CWhenstormserollinginacrosstheocean,theystruckcoastlineswithtremendousforce.Luckily,forthousandsofmilesoftropicalcoastlines,naturehasprovidedaremarkableformofprotection:coralreefs.Thesecolorfulwondersarebestknownfortheirdiversityoflife,theirplentifulseafood,andtheirdrawtoscubadivingtourists.Buttheyarealsoastonishinglydurableandfirmstructures,builtbytinyanimalswithcalciumcarbonateskeletons(碳酸鈣骨架),whichprovideanimportantservicetothecoastlinesstandingbehindthem—theycanabsorbupto97%ofwaveenergy.Anewstudyestimatesthatreefsofferprotectiontoupto5.3millionpeopleand$109billioningrossdomesticproduct(GDP)perdecade.Themapsinthestudyscientistsgeneratedareatamuchfinerresolution(分辨率)thanpreviousanalyses,whichallowsuserstoviewcoralreefswithmoredetailsandseewherereefsprovidethehighestdegreeofprotectionforpeople,GDPandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).“Thislevelofdetailmeanswecanusethisinformationinpracticalways,likeinthemarinespacialplanningwedotoinformconservationstrategiesaroundtheworld,”saysDr.Spalding,thecoauthorofthestudy.Moreaccuratedataonwherereefsprotectpeopleandinfrastructurefromdestructivewavescanhelpimprovedecisionmakingaboutwhichreefstoprotect.Wehavealreadylosthalfoftheworld’sreefs,andscientistspredictwecouldloseupto90%ifactionsarenottakentoprotectthem.Effectivemanagementstrategiesarevitaltosupportingreefhealthandrecovery.Coralreefsareoftenselectedforconservationbasedontheirecologicalsignificance,whichmaymeantheyarelocatedinremoteplaces,awayfromthemoredirecteffectsofhumanpressureslikedevelopmentandpollution.“Wearefailingourselvesaswellasnatureifwedon’talsoconsiderprotectingthereefsthatarelocatedclosertohumans,”saysSpalding.“Thesearethereefsthatprotectusandprovideforusinabundance.Let’slookafterthem.”8.Whichfunctionofcoralreefsismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.Nurturingdiverselivingthings. B.Offeringplentifulseafood.C.Attractingscubadivingtourists. D.Reducingtheforcesofwaves.9.Towhichfieldcanthefindingsbeapplied?A.Ecotourism. B.Urbanplanning.C.Reefrecovery. D.Deepseaexploration.10.WhyshouldweprotectthereefsneartohumansaccordingtoSpalding?ABecausetheyprotectandprovideforhumans.B.Becausetheyaremorebeautifulthanremotereefs.C.Becausetheyareofhigherecologicalsignificance.D.Becausetheyprovidebetterhabitatsformarinelife.11.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?ACoralReefsasCoastalDefenders B.TheSecretsofCoralReefsC.NewWaysofCoralReefConservation D.CoastlinesbehindCoralReefs【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。珊瑚礁的多樣性、豐富的海鮮資源和對潛水旅游的吸引力，同時強調(diào)了珊瑚礁作為堅固結(jié)構(gòu)可以吸收高達97%的波浪能量，為沿岸地區(qū)提供重要保護?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Buttheyarealsoastonishinglydurableandfirmstructures,builtbytinyanimalswithcalciumcarbonateskeletons(碳酸鈣骨架),whichprovideanimportantservicetothecoastlinesstandingbehindthem—theycanabsorbupto97%ofwaveenergy.(但它們也是令人驚訝的耐用和堅固的結(jié)構(gòu)，由帶有碳酸鈣骨架的小動物建造，為它們后面的海岸線提供了重要的服務(wù)——它們可以吸收高達97%的波浪能。)”可知文章主要討論的是珊瑚礁可以減少波浪的力量。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Effectivemanagementstrategiesarevitaltosupportingreefhealthandrecovery.(有效的管理策略對于支持珊瑚礁健康和恢復(fù)至關(guān)重要。)”可知研究結(jié)果可以用于珊瑚礁的恢復(fù)中，故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中““Wearefailingourselvesaswellasnatureifwedon’talsoconsiderprotectingthereefsthatarelocatedclosertohumans,”saysSpalding.“Thesearethereefsthatprotectusandprovideforusinabundance.Let’slookafterthem.”(“如果我們不考慮保護離人類更近的珊瑚礁，我們就會辜負自己和自然，”斯伯丁說?！斑@些珊瑚礁保護我們并為我們提供豐富的食物。讓我們照顧他們。)”可知，我們應(yīng)該保護靠近人類的珊瑚礁，因為它們保護并為人類提供資源，保護這些珊瑚礁對人類具有重要意義。故選A項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whenstormserollinginacrosstheocean,theystruckcoastlineswithtremendousforce.Luckily,forthousandsofmilesoftropicalcoastlines,naturehasprovidedaremarkableformofprotection:coralreefs.(當(dāng)風(fēng)暴席卷大洋彼岸時，它們以巨大的力量襲擊了海岸線。幸運的是，在數(shù)千英里的熱帶海岸線上，大自然提供了一種非凡的保護形式：珊瑚礁。)”可知珊瑚礁具有減少海浪沖擊力的功能，從而保護海岸線免受風(fēng)暴的破壞，這一功能使得珊瑚礁在海岸防護方面發(fā)揮著重要作用，即珊瑚礁是海岸防護者，故選A項。DZaraisnowoneoftheworld’shottestfashionchains.ThesecrettoitssuccessisthatZarastandsoutinsupplychainmanagement.Infact,Zarasucceedsbyfirstbreakingandthenrewritingindustryrules.Industryrulenumberone:Avoidstockouts(缺貨).FromZara’spointofview,stockoutsareagoodthing,sinceoccasionalshortagescontributetoashopper’surgeto“buynow”.AtZara,itemsselloutfast,withnewproductsarrivingatstorestwiceaweek.Bygivingjustashortwindowofopportunitytopurchasealimitedquantityofproducts,Zara’scustomersaremotivatedtovisitthestoresmorefrequently.Rulenumbertwo:Outsource(外包)forcheaperproduction.Incontrasttotraditionaloutsourcingproduction,ZarahasdevelopedasuperresponsivesupplychainbyconcentratingmorethanhalfofitsproductioninSpain(thebirthplace)anditsnearbycountries.Thismeansitcandesign,produce,anddeliveranewitemofclothingtoitsstoresinaquarterofthenormaltime.Also,outsourcingmaynotnecessarilybe“l(fā)owcost”.Errorsintrendpredictioncaneasilyleadtounsoldinventory(庫存),forcingtheirretailstorestoofferbiggerdiscounts(打折).Zara’sabilitytodesignandmakenewclothesquicklymeansshorterleadtimesandaneverchanginginventory.Soitsellsmoreatfullprice.Rulenumberthree:Goforefficiencythroughmassproduction.Byproducingproductsinlargequantities,asistheindustrynorm,paniescanbenefitfromit.Zara,however,intentionallydealsinsmallnumbers.Becauseofthegreaterflexibilityandspeedthisapproachaffords,Zaradoesnotworryaboutmissingtheboatwhenitestotrends.Whennewtrendsemerge,Zaracanreactquickly.Also,itrunsitssupplychainwithafastbutpredictablerhythm:EverystoreplacesordersonTuesday/WednesdyandFriday/Saturday.Bothstorestaffandregularcustomersknowexactlywhenshipmentswillarrive.Certainly,Zarahasnoshortageofpetitors.Butfewhavesuccessfullycopieditsfastfashionandflexiblebusinessmodelyet.12.WhydocustomersvisitZarastoresmorefrequently?A.Becauseofitsregularhugediscounts.B.Becauseofitswidevarietyofclothing.C.Becauseofthehighqualityofitsproducts.D.Becauseoflimitedavailabilityofitsitems.13.HowhasZaradevelopedasuperresponsivesupplychain?A.Bypredictingfuturefashiontrendsaccurately.B.Bydesigningandmakingnewclothesquickly.C.Bymakingmostofgoodsinornearitsheadquarters.D.Byhavingfactoriesindifferentcountriesaroundtheworld.14.Whichcanbestexplaintheunderlinedphrase?A.Beingtoolatefordelivery.B.Workingonatightschedule.C.Failingtotakeadvantageofachance.D.Producingproductsinlargequantities.15.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.UpsanddownsofZara.B.SecretstoZara’ssuccess.C.Rulesofthefashionindustry.D.petitioninthefashionindustry.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Zara的成功在于首先打破了行業(yè)規(guī)則，然后又重新改寫了行業(yè)規(guī)則?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“AtZara,itemsselloutfast,withnewproductsarrivingatstorestwiceaweek.Bygivingjustashortwindowofopportunitytopurchasealimitedquantityofproducts,Zara’scustomersaremotivatedtovisitthestoresmorefrequently.(在Zara，商品賣得很快，新產(chǎn)品每周兩次到貨。通過給顧客短暫的機會來購買數(shù)量有限的產(chǎn)品，Zara的顧客會更頻繁地光顧這家店。)”可知，Zara的顧客之所以更頻繁地光顧這家店是因為其只給顧客短暫的機會來購買數(shù)量有限的產(chǎn)品。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Incontrasttotraditionaloutsourcingproduction,ZarahasdevelopedasuperresponsivesupplychainbyconcentratingmorethanhalfofitsproductioninSpain(thebirthplace)anditsnearbycountries.Thismeansitcandesign,produce,anddeliveranewitemofclothingtoitsstoresinaquarterofthenormaltime.(與傳統(tǒng)的外包生產(chǎn)不同，Zara將一半以上的生產(chǎn)集中在西班牙（誕生地）及其周邊國家，從而建立了一個反應(yīng)靈敏的供應(yīng)鏈。這意味著它可以在正常時間的四分之一內(nèi)設(shè)計、生產(chǎn)并將一件新衣服送到商店。)”可知，Zara將一半以上的生產(chǎn)集中在西班牙（誕生地）及其周邊國家，從而建立了一個反應(yīng)靈敏的供應(yīng)鏈。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞組上一句“Zara,however,intentionallydealsinsmallnumbers.(然而，Zara有意以小批量銷售。)”可知，Zara以小批量銷售商品。再根據(jù)劃線詞組上文“Becauseofthegreaterflexibilityandspeedthisapproachaffords(由于這種方式提供了更大的靈活性和速度)”和下文“Whennewtrendsemerge,Zaracanreactquickly.(當(dāng)新趨勢出現(xiàn)時，Zara能迅速做出反應(yīng))”可知，Zara以小批量銷售商品的方式更加靈活，供貨速度也更快，對于新的流行趨勢反應(yīng)迅速。由此可以推斷，這種方式不會擔(dān)心會錯過潮流。選項C“Failingtotakeadvantageofachance.(沒有抓住機會)”，符合句意。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Zaraisnowoneoftheworld’shottestfashionchains.ThesecrettoitssuccessisthatZarastandsoutinsupplychainmanagement.Infact,Zarasucceedsbyfirstbreakingandthenrewritingindustryrules.(Zara現(xiàn)在是世界上最熱門的時尚連鎖店之一。Zara成功的秘訣在于其在供應(yīng)鏈管理方面的突出表現(xiàn)。事實上，Zara的成功在于首先打破了行業(yè)規(guī)則，然后又重新改寫了行業(yè)規(guī)則。)”、文章最后一段“Certainly,Zarahasnoshortageofpetitors.Butfewhavesuccessfullycopieditsfastfashionandflexiblebusinessmodelyet.(當(dāng)然，Zara不乏競爭對手。但很少有公司成功復(fù)制了它的快時尚和靈活的商業(yè)模式。)”再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要分析了Zara這一品牌成功的秘訣。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Itcanfeelgoodtoberight,butwhenwefindnewinformationthatmakesusfeelgoodaboutsomethingwealreadybelieve,howcanwebesurewearen’tjustengaginginconfirmationbias(確認偏誤)?Confirmationbiasisourtendencytoseekoutinformationthatconfirmsourexistingbeliefs.____16____Thesewaysareaimedatsupporting,ratherthanchallenging,preexistingbeliefs.Thisisespeciallytrueforinformationaboutthingsthatfeelveryimportanttous.Peopleusuallydon’tengageinconfirmationbiasonpurpose.Butresearchhasfoundthatitisreal.____17____Forexampleifanactoryousupportwascaughtinascandal(丑聞),youmightbemorelikelytobelieveexplanationsthatmakehimlooklessguilty.____18____Sowhatcanwedotoavoidconfirmationbias?Onethingwecandoistotrytolookforstrongevidencethatactuallycontradicts(相矛盾)ourbeliefs.Thiscanhelpuscheckifweonlybelievecertainthingsinsteadofconsideringotherpossibilities.____19____Evenifwedon’tagreewiththem,wemightlearnwhysomeonethinksthewaytheydo.Itcanhelpusunderstandthattheremaybeotherwaystoseethesameissue.____20____Thethingwemostwanttobelievemightnotbetrue.Weshouldtrytolearnmorebeforedecidinghowwefeelaboutsomething,evenifit’sveryimportanttous.Butthat’softeneasiersaidthandone.A.Anditinfluencespeople’sjudgment.B.Unfortunately,itcanbeverydifficulttospot.C.Wetendtoignoreinformationthatcontradictsit.D.Itcanalsobehelpfultotalktopeoplewhodon’tshareourbeliefs.E.Mostimportantly,wehavetobecarefulnottojumptoconclusions.F.Italsodescribesourattempttofindwaysofexplainingunclearinformation.G.Meanwhile,peoplewhodislikehimwouldprobablybelievewhatmakeshimlookworse.【答案】16.F17.A18.G19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了確認偏誤的存在和影響，并提供了一些方法來避免確認偏誤?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Confirmationbiasisourtendencytoseekoutinformationthatconfirmsourexistingbeliefs.(確認偏誤是我們傾向于尋找證實我們現(xiàn)有信念的信息。)”可知，我們傾向于尋找支持自己現(xiàn)有信念的信息，結(jié)合下文“Thesewaysareaimedatsupporting,ratherthanchallenging,preexistingbeliefs.(這些方式旨在支持而不是挑戰(zhàn)預(yù)先存在的信念。)”可知，空處應(yīng)與Theseways有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項“Italsodescribesourattempttofindwaysofexplainingunclearinformation.(它還描述了我們試圖找到解釋不明確信息的方法。)”中的ways與下文中“Theseways”呼應(yīng)，上下文一致，符合文意，故選F項。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Peopleusuallydon’tengageinconfirmationbiasonpurpose.Butresearchhasfoundthatitisreal.(人們通常不會故意進行確認偏誤。但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)它是真實的。)”可知人們不會故意進行確認偏誤，但是還是會發(fā)生，如果發(fā)生確認偏誤，就會影響人們的判斷，與A項“Anditinfluencespeople’sjudgment.(它會影響人們的判斷。)”上下文一致，故選A項。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Forexample,ifanactoryousupportwascaughtinascandal(丑聞),youmightbemorelikelytobelieveexplanationsthatmakehimlooklessguilty.(例如，如果你支持的演員陷入丑聞，你可能更有可能相信讓他看起來不那么內(nèi)疚的解釋。)”可知，個人喜好影響下確認偏誤更容易發(fā)生，人們更傾向于尋找支持自己現(xiàn)有信念的信息，與G項“Meanwhile,peoplewhodislikehimwouldprobablybelievewhatmakeshimlookworse.(與此同時，不喜歡他的人可能會相信是什么讓他看起來更糟。)”上下文一致，G項中的him與上文中的him為前后呼應(yīng)，故選G項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Onethingwecandoistotrytolookforstrongevidencethatactuallycontradicts(相矛盾)ourbeliefs.Thiscanhelpuscheckifweonlybelievecertainthingsinsteadofconsideringotherpossibilities.(我們可以做的一件事是嘗試尋找與我們的信念相矛盾的有力證據(jù)。這可以幫助我們檢查我們是否只相信某些事情，而不是考慮其他可能性。)”可知本段主要講述避免確認偏誤的方法，尋找與自己信念相矛盾的強有力證據(jù)，與D項“Itcanalsobehelpfultotalktopeoplewhodon’tshareourbeliefs.(與那些與我們信仰不符的人交談也會有所幫助。)”上下文一致，其中的“talktopeople”與下文“Evenifwedon’tagreewiththem,wemightlearnwhysomeonethinksthewaytheydo.(即使我們不同意他們的觀點，我們也可能會知道為什么有人會這樣想。)”中的don’tagreewiththem前后呼應(yīng)，為避免確認偏誤的方法之一，符合文意，故選D項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Weshouldtrytolearnmorebeforedecidinghowwefeelaboutsomething,evenifit’sveryimportanttous.(在決定我們對某事的感受之前，我們應(yīng)該嘗試了解更多，即使它對我們來說非常重要。)”可知，作者建議避免過早的下結(jié)論，與E項“Mostimportantly,wehavetobecarefulnottojumptoconclusions.(最重要的是，我們必須小心不要妄下結(jié)論。)”上下文一致，E項中的“conclusions”與下文中“decidinghowwefeelaboutsomething”為前后呼應(yīng)，符合文意，故選E項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。PartofmyyouthremainsinChina,inthesuburbsofHangzhouwherepeoplelivedaleisurelylife.Theroadswerebarely___21___enoughforonecartopassthrough,notthatverymanypeopleknewhowto___22___.MygrandpaownedabicycletopedalmetowhereverIwantedtogo.Thebicycleonlyhadroomforone___23___,soIwalkedwithmygrandparentswheneverwethreewentdowntowntobuyourgroceriesinthe___24___.Mygrandparentsonlyboughtthe___25___vegetables,especiallysowhenitcametopurplecorn.Theyknewwhichcornwasthemosttenderjustbytakinga___26___atthehusks(殼).Oncebackhome,grandparentswenttocook,andwithinhalfanhour,steamingpurplecornswerelaidoutonthetable.Iwasnota(n)___27___granddaughterandoftenburnedmyfingerspickingupthecorn,butmy___28___wereforgottenafterthefirstbite.Thekernels(玉米粒)stucktomyteethandfilledmymouthwith___29___.Ichewedthecornuntilmyjaw___30___andmyteethwerestainedpurple,leavingasweetaftertasteonmy___31___.Twoyearslater,IflewbacktoAmerica.Thestreetsherewereloudanddogsbarkedalldaylong.ThecorninAmericangrocerystoreswaspaleyellow,smallandwatery.Ididn’t___32___myfingerswhenIateit,nordidI___33___itforverylong.MymothereventuallyfoundfrozenpurplecornataChinesesupermarket.When___34___,thecornsoftenedtoachewytexture(口感),butIcouldnolonger___35___Hangzhousummersinthispurplecorn.21.A.flat B.wide C.long D.straight22.A.relax B.change C.cycle D.drive23.A.dog B.rider C.basket D.passenger24.A.spring B.summer C.fall D.winter25.A.freshest B.biggest C.sweetest D.cheapest26.A.look B.bite C.guess D.smell27.A.quiet B.helpful C.patient D.outgoing28.A.fears B.promises C.plaints D.expectations29.A.water B.warmth C.honey D.happiness30.A.ached B.dropped C.slimmed D.trembled31.A.mind B.hand C.face D.tongue32.A.use B.cross C.burn D.wash33.A.like B.hold C.chew D.remember34.A.eaten B.boiled C.mixed D.unpacked35.A.taste B.miss C.share D.picture【答案】21.B22.D23.D24.B25.A26.A27.C28.C29.B30.A31.D32.C33.C34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。章主要講述了作者在杭州郊區(qū)度過的青少年時光，特別是與祖父母一起購買食品并品嘗紫色玉米的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：道路勉強夠一輛車通過，沒有多少人知道如何開車。A.flat平坦；B.wide寬；C.long長；D.straight直。根據(jù)下文“enoughforonecartopassthrough”可知，道路的寬度能勉強通過一輛車，故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：道路勉強夠一輛車通過，沒有多少人知道如何開車。A.relax放松；B.change改變；C.cycle循環(huán)；D.drive駕駛。根據(jù)上文“Theroadswerebarely___1___enoughforonecartopassthrough”可知道路勉強夠一輛車通過，道路很窄以至于沒有人知道該如何開車通過，故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自行車只能容納一名乘客，所以每當(dāng)我們?nèi)齻€夏天去市中心買雜貨時，我都會和祖父母一起步行。A.dog狗；B.rider騎手；C.basket籃子；D.passenger乘客。根據(jù)下文“soIwalkedwithmygrandparentswheneverwethreewentdowntowntobuyourgroceries”可知，作者和祖父母一共三人去市中心買東西時步行，因為自行車上只能容納一名乘客，故選D項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自行車只能容納一名乘客，所以每當(dāng)我們?nèi)齻€夏天去市中心買雜貨時，我都會和祖父母一起散步。A.spring春節(jié)；B.summer夏季；C.fall秋季；D.winter冬季。根據(jù)下文“butIcouldnolonger___15___Hangzhousummersinthispurplecorn.”可知，作者是回憶起了和祖父母在夏天去買東西，故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的祖父母只買最新鮮的蔬菜，尤其是紫玉米。A.freshest最新鮮；B.biggest最大；C.sweetest最甜；D.cheapest最便宜。根據(jù)下文“vegetables”可知，祖父母買的是蔬菜，結(jié)合下文“whichcornwasthemosttender(哪種玉米最嫩)”，可知祖父母買的是最新鮮的，故選A項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們只看一下外殼就知道哪種玉米最嫩。A.look看；B.bite咬；C.guess猜；D.smell聞。根據(jù)下文“thehusks”可知是通過看玉米外殼來確定哪種玉米最嫩的，takealookat為固定短語，表示“看一看”，故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不是一個有耐心的孫女，經(jīng)常在拿玉米時燒傷手指，但我的抱怨在第一口之后就被忘記了。A.quiet安靜；B.helpful有幫助的；C.patient耐心；D.outgoing外向。根據(jù)下文“oftenburnedmyfingerspickingupthecorn”可知作者著急想吃玉米，經(jīng)常在拿玉米時燒傷手指，說明不是個有耐心的人，故選C項。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不是一個有耐心的孫女，經(jīng)常在拿玉米時燒傷手指，但我的抱怨在第一口之后就被忘記了。A.fears恐懼；B.promises承諾；C.plaints抱怨；D.expectations期望。根據(jù)空后“wereforgottenafterthefirstbite”可知作者是在咬了一口玉米后忘記了因拿玉米時燒傷手指的抱怨，故選C項。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：玉米粒粘在我的牙齒上，讓我的嘴里充滿了溫暖。A.water水；B.warmth溫暖；C.honey蜂蜜；D.happiness幸福。根據(jù)上文“oftenburnedmyfingerspickingupt