江蘇省揚(yáng)州市2022-2023學(xué)年高二年級(jí)下冊(cè)開(kāi)學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題答案

2022—2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期初考試

高二英語(yǔ)

（本試卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘）

第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀

下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatdidthewomandolastnight?

A.Shesawafilm.B.Shedidherhomework.C.Shewentto

Johnson'shome.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:IheardthatyouwenttothemoviewithJohnsonlastnight.Wasthemovieasgoodas

youexpected?

W:rdratherIhaddonemyhouseworkathome.

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatactivitydoesthemanlike?

A.Snowboarding.B.Snowkiting.C.Climbing.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Whattypeofexercisingareyouinterestedin?

M:Ilikesnowkitingverymuch.

W:Really?Whafsthat?

M:Ifslikesnowboarding,youknow,goingdownamountainonaboard,butyouhaveakite

attachedto,soyougoevenfaster.

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Whatdoesthemanthinkofhisdrivingtest?

A.Excited.B.Anxious.C.Relieved.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Nicholas,Ifinallygotmydriver'slicense.Ican'twaittobuymyowncar.

M:Wow!Congratulations!I'malittleworriedthatIwillfoilmydrivingtestnextmonth.

W:Takeiteasy!Ibelieveyoucandoitwell.

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

Howdoesthewomanusuallyeatcarrots?

A.Shemakesjuiceoutofthem.B.Sheeatsthemraw.C.Shecooksthem.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Doyoulikeeatingcarrots?

M:Yes!They67*9reoneofmyfavoritevegetables.Iloveeatingthemraw,andIoftenmakecarrotjuice

inthemorning.Whataboutyou?

W:Ienjoyeatingcarrotstoo.ButInormallycookthem.

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

WhydoesKendraneedhelp?

A.Sheisanewstudent.B.Shemissedsomeclasses.C.Shealwaysfailsin

science.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:Hi,Kendra.TmTony,StudentPresidentofClass4.Mr.Jonestoldmetohelpyouon

yourfirstdayhere.Readyforscienceclass?

W:Yeah.Ifsniceofyoutohelpme.I'malittlelost.Who'sourteacher?

M:IfsMs.Green.Andourclassisrighthere.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題L5分，滿分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、

C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,

每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩

遍。

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

6.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Unemployment.B.Futurewaysofworking.C.At-homeactivities.

7.Whatdoesthewomanlikedoingathome?

A.Sendingfriendsemails.B.Callingherfriend.C.WatchingTV.

【答案】6.B7.C

【解析】

【原文】W:Work?Inthefuture?Well,Ithinkascompaniesgetmorecomputerized,they9refinding

waysofusingfewerworkers.

M:Yeah.Andmoreandmorepeoplewillbeworkingathomebecauseofcomputers.

W:Wow,rdreallylovethat.Canyouimaginespendingmostofyourworkweekinthecomfortof

yourownhome?

M:Personally,Iwouldhavefreertimetableandgetmuchmoredone.Andwithemailsandphone

callsyoucanstillkeepintouchwitheveryoneyouneedto.

W:Well,TmafraidImightjustsitbackandturnontheTV!

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

8.Whathappenedintheman'sschool?

A.Thefirealarmwentoutoforder.

B.Hedidn'teathissandwichatnoon.

C.Thestudentsallmissedtheirclasses.

9.Whomightthewomanbe?

A.Theman'sclassmate.B.Theman'steacher.C.Theman'smother.

【答案】8.B9.C

【解析】

【原文】W:You'rehungry,aren'tyou?

M:Howcouldyoutell?

W:Youhavethatlookonyourfacelikeyou'reabouttogetmadfornoreason.

M:Yeah,ifseasytoloseyourtemperwhenyou'retiredorhungry.

W:Whathappenedtoyoursandwich?

M:It'sstillintherefrigeratoratschool.Inevergottoeatit.

W:Whathappened?

M:Thefirealarmwentoff.Weallhadtogooutofthebuildingandwaitforanhour.Wedidn'tmiss

anyclassesbecauseitwasatnoon,butwemissedalloflunch.

W:Oh,no.Well,Imadesomecookies.Wantone?

M:Ofcourse.

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Athome.B.Atschool.C.Inabookstore.

11.WhyisSarahsad?

A.Herpetgotlost.B.Herworkisdifficult,C.Herparentshave

problems.

12.WhatdoesMr.ThompsonsuggestSarahdo?

A.Getanewcat.B.Readabook,C.Focusonher

lessons.

【答案】10.B11.A12.B

【解析】

【原文】W:Hello,Mr.Thompson.MissLennonsaidyouwantedtospeaktome.

M:Yes,Sarah.Andyourworkissuffering.Issomethingonyourmind?

W:Yes,Idofeelalittlebitsad.

M:Whyisthat?Istheschoolworktoohardforyouoristhereaproblemathome?

W:No,no...ifsTony.Tonywasmycat.Hewaslostlastweek.Hewasmybestfriend.

M:Oh,I'msorrytohearthat.Iknowhowthatfeels-andgettinganewcatdoesn'talwayshelp.

W:Icouldn'tdothat.

M:Sarah,I'mgoingtogiveyoualittlebooktoread.IfscalledCopingwithLoss,anditmighthelp

youdealwithyourfeelings.

W:OK,andIwilltrytofocusonmylessons.

聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

13.Whatisthemandoing?

A.Showingthewomanaroundbycar.

B.Lookingforanapartmentforhimself.

C.Promotingaflattothewoman.

14.Whatistheadvantageofthefirstflat?

A.Itisgoodbutcheap.

B.Ithasaclassicalkitchen.

C.Itisconvenientforshopping.

15.Whydothetwogirlsrentouttheirapartment?

A.Becauseitiscomfortabletoliveinthecitycenter.

B.Becausetheywantsomeonetosharetheemptybedroom.

C.Becausetheyneedsomeone'shelptocleantheapartment.

16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Roommates.B.Strangers.C.Friends.

【答案】13A14.C15.B16.C

【解析】

【原文】W:Thanksfordrivingmearound.

M:Don'tmentionit.Ihavetimetoday,andIthinkit'simportantthatyoufindagoodplace.

W:Itwouldbenoteasyformetodoit.Iamnotfamiliarwiththecity.

M:Sowhatdoyouseeinthere?

W:Aflatwithaviewofthelake,nexttoabigsupermarket,includingelectricalequipmentand

parking.Amodernfurnishedkitchen,$470.

M:Canyouaffordthat?

W:No,Iguessnot.ButthafswhatIwant.

M:Yes,aflatusuallyhasonelargeroom,asmallbathroomandasmallkitchen.Soifsgoodfor

oneperson.

W:Thisone.Twogirlsareseekingaroommate.Comfortabledowntownapartment.Doesthismean

Ihavetosharearoomwiththem?

M:No.Itprobablymeanstheyhavealargeapartment.Probablyalivingroom,kitchenandthree

bedrooms.Theyneedsomeonefortheemptybedroom.

W:Soundsgoodtome.Ireallyappreciateyourhelponthis.

M:Mypleasure.Whatarefriendsforanyway?

聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】

17.WhatcanthelistenersreadintheNo.2ReadingRoom?

A.BooksinChinese.

B.Booksinforeignlanguages.

C.Newspapersandmagazines.

18.WhereistheNo.4ReadingRoom?

A.Onthefirstfloor.B.Onthesecondfloor.C.Onthethirdfloor.

19.Whichisforteachersonly?

A.TheReferenceMaterialsCenter.

B.TheNo.3ReadingRoom.

C.TheNo.1ReadingRoom.

20.Howmanycardscanbeusedtoborrowworksofhistory?

A.Five.B.Two.C.One.

【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.C

【解析】

【原文】Goodevening,everyone.Ifthisisthefirsttimeforyoutocometoourlibraryasa

newstudent,letmetellyouabitabouttheservicesweofferhere.Thelibraryhasfourreading

rooms.OnthefirstflooristheNo.1ReadingRoom,whichisfornewspapersandmagazines.On

thesecondfloor,ontheleftasyougoupthestairs,istheNo.2ReadingRoom,whichhasbooks

writteninforeignlanguages.

ImmediatelyaboveitonthethirdflooristheNo.4ReadingRoom,forworksinChinese.The

No.3ReadingRoomonthesecondfloorisfortheuseofteachersandgraduatestudents.Thereis

alsoaReferenceMaterialsCenteronthethirdfloorwhichisforteachersonly.Eachstudentisgiven

fivelibrarycardsforborrowingbooksandoneformagazines.Ofthefivecardsforbooks,onlyone

canbeusedtoborrowworksofhistory.Bookscanbekeptforuptoamonthandmagazinesfortwo

weeks.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

HighSchoolStudioWorkshops

Singlemuseumvisit,2.5hours

Grades9-12

Thesehalf-dayartworkshopsincludeanin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofart

inthegalleries,followedbybehind-the-scenesaccesstotheEducationStudio,wherestudentscreate

arelatedartproject.

Duringtheworkshop,NationalGalleryofArteducatorswillencouragestudentstolook

carefullyatworksofartandthensharetheirresponsesanddeveloptheoriesbasedontheir

observations.

Studentswillhavetheopportunitytocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhatthey

haveseeninthegalleries.

MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseums

Grades11-12

TheMuseumMakersprogramexplainshowmuseumsoperateandwhattheyhavetooffer.It

givesupper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandandinterpretart.

Participantswillgainaninsider'sviewofhowanartmuseumworks.

StudentsmeetforsevenSaturdaysessionsfrom10:00amto3:00pm.Completionofthe

programrequiresattendanceofallsevensessions.

CreativeWritingintheGalleries

Grades7-12,90minutes

Studentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhile

lookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.Usingcloseobservation,groupdiscussion,and

personalreflection,theywillbeguidedthroughexercisesthatusedifferentwritingforms,including

free-formpoetry.

Amaximumof30students(minimumof15)willbeaccommodated(容納)ateachsession.

21.WhatcanstudentsdoduringHighSchoolStudioWorkshops?

A.TheycanexperiencethescenicaccessintheEducationStudio.

B.Theycanbeofferedtheopportunitytoanartentranceexamination.

C.Theycanexpresstheiropinionsanddeveloptheirobservationabilities.

DTheycancreateanartworkrelatedtowhathasbeenseeninthegalleries.

22.Whatdothethreeactivitieshaveincommon?

A.Theylimitthenumberofvisitors.B.Theyaresuitablefora12thgrader.

C.Theyletvisitorsmakehandicrafts.D.Theylastamorningoranafternoon.

23.Wheremightthisarticlebechosen?

A.Atraveljournal.B.Aresearchreport.

C.Anartmagazine.D.Ateachingdesign.

【答案】21.D22.B23.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)國(guó)家藝術(shù)館的課程情況。

【詳解】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HighSchoolStudioWorkshops部分“Studentswillhavethe

opportunitytocreateaworkofartinthestudioinspiredbywhattheyhaveseeninthegalleries.（學(xué)

生們將有機(jī)會(huì)在工作室里創(chuàng)作一件藝術(shù)作品，靈感來(lái)自他們?cè)诋?huà)廊里看到的東西。）”可知學(xué)

生們可以創(chuàng)作與在畫(huà)廊里看到的東西相關(guān)的藝術(shù)品。故選D項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HighSchoolStudioWorkshopsSinglemuseumvisit部分

“Singlemuseumvisit,2.5hoursGrades9-12（單次參觀博物館，9-12年級(jí)2.5小時(shí)）”；Museum

Makers:ExploringArtandMuseums部分"Grades11-12（11-12年級(jí)）”以及CreativeWritingin

theGalleries部分“Grades7-12,90minutes（7-12年級(jí)，90分鐘）”可知，這三種活動(dòng)的共同之

處是都適合12年級(jí)學(xué)生。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)HighSchoolStudioWorkshops部分“Thesehalfdayartworkshopsinclude

anin-depthexaminationanddiscussionofworksofartinthegalleries,followedbyabehind-the-

scenesvisittotheEducationStudio,wherestudentscreatearelatedartproject.（這些半天的藝術(shù)

工作坊包括對(duì)畫(huà)廊中的藝術(shù)作品的深入研究和討論，然后是對(duì)教育工作室的幕后訪問(wèn)，在那

里學(xué)生們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)相關(guān)的藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目）"；MuseumMakers:ExploringArtandMuseums部分“It

givesupper-levelhighschoolstudentsthetoolstoexperience,understandandexplainart.（它為高

中高年級(jí)學(xué)生提供了體驗(yàn)、理解和解釋藝術(shù)的工具）”以及CreativeWritingintheGalleries部

分“Studentswillprovideavoicefortheirpersonalresponsestoartthroughcreativewritingwhile

lookingataselectionofartworksinthegalleries.（學(xué)生們將通過(guò)創(chuàng)意寫(xiě)作來(lái)表達(dá)他們對(duì)藝術(shù)的

個(gè)人反應(yīng)，同時(shí)在畫(huà)廊里觀看精選的藝術(shù)品）”可知文章主要介紹了與藝術(shù)相關(guān)的項(xiàng)目情況，

所以文章選自藝術(shù)雜志。故選C項(xiàng)。

B

Fromcheckingsocialmediaeveryminutetobeinglostincomputergames,wetendtooveruse

technology."Formanypeople,amomentwithoutyourphoneorlaptopinsightcanfeellikea

lifetime,“theDailyMailcommented.AteamfromtheUS-basedcompanyTollFreeForwarding

builtathree-dimensionalmodeltosniffoutthenegativeeffectstechnologycanhaveonhuman

bodiesinlessthan800years.ThecomputermodelcalledMindymaypersuademanypeopletothink

twice.

""Spendinghourslookingdownatyourphonestrainsyourneckandthrowsyourspine（脊柱）

offbalance,“explainedCalebBacke,ahealthandwellnessexpertintheUS.Then,themusclesin

ourneckneedtospendextraefforttosupportthehead,makingourbackhunched（駝背的）and

neckwide.

“Thewayweholdourphonescancausestrainincertainpointsofcontact-causingtextclaw

（手機(jī)手）,“NikolaDjordjevic,aphysicianinSerbia,toldtheteam.Itaffectstheelbowstoo,causing

paininthearm.Scientifically,itiscalledcubitaltunnelsyndrome（肘管綜合征）.ThafswhyMindy

hasa90-degreeelbow,andherhandslooklikeshe'salwaysholdingamobilephone.

Somepeoplealsocommentedthathumanevolutionmaynotworkthisway.Theybelievethat

onlyfeatureswithactualbenefitswouldbekeptthroughouttheyears.Forexample,featuresthat

canincreasetherateofsurvival,insteadofthenegativeimpactoftechnology.

However,currenthumanlifestylesstillraiseconcerns.AmodelcalledEmmawasbuiltby

researchersintheUKin2019toshowhowthewaypeopleworkattheirdeskscouldchangethem

in20years.TheresearchteambuiltEmmabasedonthehealthissuesmentionedbyover3,000

workersinFrance,GermanyandtheUK.Emma'sbackstaysbent,andherlegsareswollen（腫月長(zhǎng)

的）duetothetimepeoplespendinfrontofcomputers.Withlittletimespentoutdoorsandinthe

sun,herskinispale,too.

24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"sniffout“meaninparagraph2?

A.Detect.B.Approach.C.Polish.D.

Contradict.

25.WhatcanwelearnfromthetwomodelsofMindyandEmma?

A.TheyarebuiltbythesameUS-basedcompany.

B.Theybothhavebentbacksandpaleskinsimilarly.

C.Everyonedoesn'tapprovehumanwillevolvethewaylikeMindy.

D.Emma'sstrangeelbowisduetoholdingupaphoneforalongtime.

26.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthisresearch?

A.Negative.B.Indifferent.

C.Objective.D.Favorable.

27.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.TocomparetwocomputermodelsMindyandEmma.

B.Toillustratethereasonsforoverusingphonetechnology.

C.Toaddresstheeffectscausedbytoomuchmobilephoneuse.

DToremindtechnologicaldependencemaychangeourappearance.

【答案】24.A25.C26.C27.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了未來(lái)人類(lèi)進(jìn)化或受電子設(shè)備的影響。

【24題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句"ThecomputermodelcalledMindymaypersuademany

peopletothinktwice.（名為Mindy的計(jì)算機(jī)模型可能會(huì)說(shuō)服許多人三思而后行。）”可以推知，

Mindy這一模型發(fā)現(xiàn)了技術(shù)對(duì)人體的負(fù)面影響。A.Detect.發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.Approach.接近；C.Polish.

擦亮、提升；D.Contradict.反駁。故sniffout詞義與detect接近。故選A項(xiàng)。

【25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"Somepeoplealsocommentedthathumanevolutionmaynotworkthis

way.Theybelievethatonlyfeatureswithactualbenefitswouldbekeptthroughouttheyears.For

example,featuresthatcanincreasetherateofsurvival,insteadofthenegativeimpactoftechnology.

（一些人還評(píng)論說(shuō)，人類(lèi)進(jìn)化可能不會(huì)以這種方式進(jìn)行。他們認(rèn)為，只有具有實(shí)際效益的功

能才會(huì)保留多年。例如，可以提高生存率的功能，而不是技術(shù)的負(fù)面影響。）“可知，一些人

認(rèn)為人類(lèi)的進(jìn)化不會(huì)像模型Mindy提到的那樣，他們認(rèn)為人類(lèi)會(huì)將有益的特征保留，而不

是保留技術(shù)的負(fù)面影響，即并不是所有的人都認(rèn)為技術(shù)會(huì)影響人類(lèi)進(jìn)化，故C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)

第五段的“AmodelcalledEmmawasbuiltbyresearchersintheUKin2019toshowhowtheway

peopleworkattheirdeskscouldchangethemin20years.（英國(guó)研究人員于2019年建立了一個(gè)

名為Emma的模型，以展示人們?cè)谵k公桌上的工作方式如何在20年內(nèi)改變他們。廠可知，

Emma不是在美國(guó)建立的，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；第二段對(duì)Mindy的描述沒(méi)有涉及模型Mindy的

膚色，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段的"That'swhyMindyhasa90-degreeelbow,andherhands

looklikeshe飛alwaysholdingamobilephone.（這就是為什么Mindy有一個(gè)90度的肘部，她

的手看起來(lái)總是拿著手機(jī)。）“可知，有strangeelbow的是M譏dy,而不是即以D項(xiàng)偷換

主語(yǔ)概念。故選C項(xiàng)。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。本文作者主要是客觀地闡述了一些研究者、媒體和大眾的觀點(diǎn)和評(píng)論?！皌he

DailyMailcommented."'explainedCalebBacke"、"NikolaDjordjevic,toldtheteam^^以及“Some

peoplealsocommentedthat...”等表達(dá)方式充分證明了作者對(duì)此事的客觀態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。

[27題詳解】

推理判斷題。文章通過(guò)介紹兩個(gè)模型揭示了過(guò)度使用先進(jìn)技術(shù)會(huì)影響人類(lèi)的外貌和體型這一

現(xiàn)象，闡述了未來(lái)人類(lèi)進(jìn)化或受電子設(shè)備的影響，其目的是提醒我們技術(shù)依賴(lài)可能會(huì)改變我

們的外表。故選D項(xiàng)。文章并沒(méi)有比較Mindy和Emma這兩個(gè)模型，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；文章

并沒(méi)有重點(diǎn)闡述過(guò)度使用手機(jī)的原因，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;文章沒(méi)有提出消除影響的方法,address

theeffects表述有誤，所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選D項(xiàng)。

C

Plentyofdays,temperaturesinCalifornia^MojaveDesertclimbabove120degreesFahrenheit.

400silveredglasspanels,fixedintothewesternedgeofthathotdesert,aretheretogenerateheat

15timesthatamount.And,ideally,tohelpcooltheplanettoo.

MadebythePasadena-basedcompanyHeliogen,each16-square-footheliostat（定日鏡）

reflectsakilowattofsunlighttothetopofafive-storytower,whereifsabsorbedbyareceiver.As

thelittleblackheliostatbumswhite,itisover1,800degrees.Thafshotenoughtobegin

manufacturingcement（水泥）andotherindustrialproducts-processesthattypicallyrelyon

burningfossilfuels-andtopotentiallycutupto10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.

HeliogenCEOBillGrosshasdreamedoftakingadvantageofthesunsincethe1973energy

crisis,whenhesoldDIYsolarpanels.Thosesaleshelpedputhimthroughcollege.Lastfall,the

companyfiredupthisfirstarray（陣歹U）.“Itwasabitlikewatchingamoonlanding,9,Grosssays.

SimilararrayshavebeenusedtomakeelectricityandtastySunChips,andevendrillforoil.

Butthosepeakaround1,000degrees,becauseeachheliostathastobeindividuallyadjustedandcan

falloutofrankovertime.WithHeliogen,camerasatthetopofthetowerscanthesky,andimage

analysissoftwarefiguresoutthebestpositionforeachmirror,whichcancircleinlessthan1/160

ofadegree.Grosssayssuchefficiencycandeliverheat20percentmorecheaplythanfossilfuels

can.

Asproofofconcept,Heliogenhassetupakiln（爐）atthetopofthetowertodirectlyheat

limestone,akeystepinmakingcement.Thisyearthecompanyplanstolinkwithcommercial

partnersthathavethelargeshadowlesslandrequired.Grossisalsobuildingareceiverthatcan

handletemperaturesabove2,700degrees.Thatkindofstrongfirecancreatesynthetichydrogen（合

成氫），whichcouldreplaceoil-basedfuels.""Civilizationdependsoncementandsteel-ourroads,

travel,everything,9,Grosssays."We'vefoundawaytocleanitup.”

28.WhatisthecharacteristicofHeliogen'sheliostat?

A.Itcanworkaroundtheclockinhotdesert.

B.Itconsistsofover400silveredglasspanels.

C.Itstemperaturecanreachover2,700degrees.

D.Itreliesonareceivertomakeindustrialproducts.

29.HowdoesHeliogen'sheliostattakeeffect?

A.Italwayscirclesaroundthesunprecisely.

B.Itreducesmuchgreenhousegasemissions.

C.Itreplacesnuclearfuelintheindustrialfield.

D.Itbumsitselftogeneratesynthetichydrogen.

30.WhatcanwelearnfromHeliogenCEOBillGross?

A.Hewasexcitedaboutwhathiscompanyhasachieved.

B.Hemadeabreakthroughinmanufacturingcementlastfall.

C.Hehadnorelatedknowledgebeforethecompanyestablishment.

D.Hepromotedthecooperationwithotherpartnersinsolarenergy.

31.Whatdoesthelastsentence"We'vefoundawaytocleanitup."mean?

A.Thesolarenergyapplicationtoproducingproductsisapromisingreform.

B.Weshouldremovethetraditionalwaysofmanufacturingcementandsteel.

C.Morecementandsteelshouldbeproducedtocreateadvancedcivilization.

D.Peopleneedtouseoil-basedfuelstomakemorecivilization-relatedproducts.

【答案】28.D29.B30.A31.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了Heliogen公司在加利福尼亞的莫哈韋沙漠建立的

太陽(yáng)能列陣以及利用其產(chǎn)生的能源制造產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)方式。

【28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段“MadebythePasadena-basedcompanyHeliogen,each16-square-

footheliostat（定日鏡）reflectsakilowattofsunlighttothetopofafive-storytower,whereifs

absorbedbyareceiver.Asthelittleblackheliostatbumswhite,itisover1,800degrees.（由，總部位

于帕薩迪納的Heliogen公司制造，每個(gè)16平方英尺的定日鏡將一千瓦的陽(yáng)光反射到一座五

層樓的塔頂,在那里被接收器吸收。當(dāng)黑色的小定日鏡燃燒成白色時(shí)，溫度超過(guò)了1800度。戶

可知，定日鏡需要借助于一個(gè)接收器來(lái)收集能量，從而制造產(chǎn)品。故選D項(xiàng)。

[29題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段最后一句話“That飛hotenoughtobeginmanufacturingcement（水

泥）andotherindustrialproducts-processesthattypicallyrelyonburningfossilfuels-andto

potentiallycutupto10percentofglobalgreenhousegasemissions.（這已經(jīng)足夠熱了,可以開(kāi)始

制造水泥和其他通常依賴(lài)燃燒化石燃料的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品，并有可能減少高達(dá)10%的全球溫室氣

體排放。戶可知，Heliogen的定日鏡有可能減少高達(dá)10%的全球溫室氣體排放。故選B項(xiàng)。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段的最后一句話“"Itwasabitlikewatchingamoonlanding,9,Gross

says.（Gross說(shuō)：“這有點(diǎn)像觀看登月?？芍珿ross對(duì)公司取得的成績(jī)感到興奮。故選A

項(xiàng)。

【31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“"Civilizationdependsoncementandsteel一ourroads,travel,

everything,Grosssays."We'vefoundawaytocleanitup.”（Gross說(shuō)：”文明取決于水泥和鋼

鐵——我們的道路、旅行和一切。”“我們已經(jīng)找到了清理的方法。可知，"We'vefounda

waytocleanitup.”意味著將太陽(yáng)能應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品是一項(xiàng)很有前途的改革。故選A項(xiàng)。

D

AdamRyan,31,hasworkedatTargetinChristiansburg,Virginia,forthreeyears.64Ihaveto

livewithmyfamilybecauseIcan'taffordrentonmyown.Idon'thavehealthinsurance.Targethas

toldmeIdon'tqualifyfortheirbenefitsbecauseIdon'tgetenoughhours,“saidRyan,whoisalso

anorganizerwithTargetWorkersUnite,anindependentinitiativeofTargetworkers.Hemakes$13

anhour,thehourlyminimumwageatTargetsinceJune2022,whichisscheduledtoincreaseto$15

anhourbytheendof2023.

ButRyanandseveralotherTargetworkerssayTargetiscuttingtheirschedulesanddoubling

theirworkloadasitincreasesminimumwageunderits"modernizationplan'toincreaseefficiency.

Theythinkthatbroaderinfluencesintheretailsector（零售業(yè)）areresponsiblefortheirdifficulty-

especially,theactionsoftheirhard-chargingrivalAmazon.

“They'rerespondingtowhatAmazonisdoing,“Ryanadded."Theyaretryingtoturnthese

storesintotheirowndistributioncenters,usingbrick-and-mortarstores（實(shí)體店）.Wehavetobe

warehouseworkersandcustomerserviceworkers.^^

TargetWorkersUniterecentlyreleasedasurveyofmorethan500Targetworkersaroundthe

US,representing382differentstoresin44states.Only12.7%oftheworkerswhorespondedsaid

theycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%ofworkerscitingtheyhaveranoutof

foodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreportedexperiencinghomelessness.

ThesurveyalsoprovidessomeinsightintoTargefsoppositiontoworkersorganizing.Many

workerssurveyedreporttheyhavebeenscoldedbymanagementfordiscussingworkplaceissuesin

thestoreoronsocialmedia.

AsTargetworkersreportstrugglingtomakeendsmeetwhileexperiencingcutstotheir

schedules,lossofbenefits,andincreasedworkloads,Targetreportedrecordshareprices（股價(jià)）at

theendof2022,consistentlybeatingpredictionsofsalesandprofitsin2022andfindingabalance

betweenphysicalstoresanddigitalcommerce.Theretailchainisrankedtheeighth-largestretail

corporationintheUSbasedonsales.Targetispreparingfortheargumentsagainsttheworkers9

survey'sfindingandclaimsfromworkersoverworkingconditionsandschedulecuts.

32.WhatcanweknowfromthemodernizationplanofTarget?

A.Ithasnotreceivedwidespreadsupportfromemployees.

B.Itmeanslessworkhourswhichcanbenefitbothparties.

C.Onlyafewemployeescanbelaidoffwhenitisineffect.

D.Newemployeessuffermoreforlackofmuchexperience.

33.WhatdoesthesurveybyTargetWorkersUniteindicate?

A.Halfworkerscouldnotfindenoughfoodtoliveon.

B.Workers5livingconditionswereactuallynotoptimistic.

C.Targetworkersbegantorealizethattheyhadbeencheated.

D.Itwasinhumantomakesomeemployeestransfertheirpositions.

34.Whatmessagedoesthispassageconveytoreaders?

A.Targettriedtostrugglefortheirworkers'benefitsandwelfare.

B.Targetconductedthemodernizationplan,butfailedintheend.

C.Targetraisedmuchmoneytocopewithworkers5financialproblems.

D.Targetraisedwages,butwithlessworkinghoursandmoreworkload.

35.Whatmightthefollowingparagraphtalkabout?

A.Targetdropstheplanbecauseofworkers9claims.

B.DetailsofhowTargetdefendsitselfarepresented.

C.ThewriterexplainswhyTargetachievedasuccess.

D.Amazonencounterssimilarproblemsfromworkers.

【答案】32A33.B34.D35,B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要描述了美國(guó)八大零售商之一的Target公司推行的

modernizationplan以及員工相對(duì)應(yīng)的反應(yīng)，揭露了Target勞資矛盾的問(wèn)題。

【詳解】L推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ButRyanandseveralotherTargetworkerssayTargetis

cuttingtheirschedulesanddoublingtheirworkloadasitincreasesminimumwageunderits

"modernizationplan，toincreaseefficiency.（但瑞安和塔吉特其他幾名員工表示，塔吉特正在縮

短工作時(shí)間，并將工作量增加一倍，因?yàn)樵摴靖鶕?jù)提高效率的“現(xiàn)代化計(jì)劃”提高了最低工

資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）”和下文的調(diào)查結(jié)論“TargetWorkersUniterecentlyreleasedasurveyofmorethan500

TargetworkersaroundtheUS,representing382differentstoresin44states.Only12.7%ofthe

workerswhorespondedsaidtheycouldsurviveonthewagesfromTargetalone,with56%of

workerscitingtheyhaveranoutoffoodwhileemployedatTarget,and12.8%ofworkersreported

experiencinghomelessness.（TargetWorkersUnite最近發(fā)布了一項(xiàng)針對(duì)Target全美500多名員

工的調(diào)查，調(diào)查對(duì)象包括44個(gè)州的382家不同商店。僅有12.7%的受訪工人表示，僅靠塔

吉特的工資就能生存，56%的受訪工人表示，他們?cè)谒毓ぷ髌陂g食物短缺，12.8%的受

訪工人表示無(wú)家可歸。）”以及第一段提到的"IhavetolivewithmyfamilybecauseIcan'tafford

rentonmyown.Idon'thavehealthinsurance（我必須和家人住在一起，因?yàn)槲易约焊恫黄鸱孔狻?/p>

我沒(méi)有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)Y'Ryan對(duì)自己當(dāng)前工資狀況不滿可知，Target公司正在削