2024年高考英語 概要寫作考點(diǎn)揭秘(下)_第1頁
2024年高考英語 概要寫作考點(diǎn)揭秘(下)_第2頁
2024年高考英語 概要寫作考點(diǎn)揭秘(下)_第3頁
2024年高考英語 概要寫作考點(diǎn)揭秘(下)_第4頁
2024年高考英語 概要寫作考點(diǎn)揭秘(下)_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩11頁未讀 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

概要寫作考點(diǎn)揭秘(下)

01專題網(wǎng)絡(luò)?思維腦圖

02考情分析?解密高考

03高頻考點(diǎn)?以考定法

04核心素養(yǎng)?微專題

05創(chuàng)新好題?分層練

一.、定義

概要寫作是對原文的高度濃縮,是閱讀者在不改變原文的中心思想、體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下用簡潔、精煉的

語言表述一篇文章的主要內(nèi)容、基本觀點(diǎn)或事實(shí)。它主要包括閱讀和寫作兩個(gè)過程。

二.、要點(diǎn)

簡潔、全面、準(zhǔn)確、連貫、客觀。

三、寫作的技巧

1)刪除細(xì)節(jié)。只保留主要觀點(diǎn)。

2)把長段的描述變成短小、簡單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個(gè)句子,那么你只要把它們變

成一兩句即可。

3)避免重復(fù)。在原文中,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)主題,可能會(huì)重復(fù)論證說明。但是這在摘要中是不能使用的。應(yīng)該

刪除那些突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的重述句。

4)壓縮長的句子。

5)你還可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。

6)使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞,

7)巧妙使用連接詞。

四、寫作的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

文章體裁主題句拓展句概要形式

記敘文故事的寫作目的/主故事大意,突出沖突主題句+若干拓展

題(1句)以及故事背后的深句;

意(23句)

研究報(bào)告類新聞/研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的概研究過程及最后結(jié)

新聞報(bào)道類要(1句)果(23句)主題句+若干拓展句

說明文說明的觀點(diǎn)/對象/解釋/分述(23句)+總結(jié)

現(xiàn)象(1句)

(-)如何概括主旨大意

概括主旨大意,首先要抓住文章的主題句,然后在完整理解文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行概括歸納。如前所

述,段落的主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段首,段末,段落中間,甚至于沒有明顯的主題句。那么針對不同的情況,

我們可以有什么不同的方法呢?我們一起來看以下的示例。

1、找準(zhǔn)主題句概括主旨大意

中文段落寫作是螺旋/線型的發(fā)展方式:重鋪墊,講渲染,講究“言歸正傳”。而英文寫作主要體現(xiàn)為

直線型發(fā)展方式:第一句話“開門見山,一語破題”,結(jié)論句直接重復(fù),扣題。換句話說,英文文章表意

較直接,直奔主題。多數(shù)段落以主題句開端,在文章的開始部分就會(huì)闡明主題。英文寫作是由一般到特殊。

先概括后舉例,先講整體輪廓,后說諸多細(xì)節(jié)。了解英語寫作特點(diǎn)將有利于把握文章的主題句,請同學(xué)們

讀以下的段落,根據(jù)文本的特點(diǎn),快速尋找出主題句。

A

Indevelopingcountries,poorpeoplehavesufferedthemostfromshortagesofcleanwater.Thereareseveral

reasonsforthis.First,inmanydevelopingcountries,themajorityofhousesinpoorvillagesandurbanslumsare

notyetservedbyapipedwatersystem.Peoplelivingintheseplacesoftenhavetowalkmanymilestofindwater

andcarryithomeinjugsandplasticcontainers.Second,thesepeopleusuallyhavefewalternativestothepiped

watersupply.Theremaybewatercloserbyinriversorlakes,butthisisoftendangerouslypolluted.Inpoorareas,

streetvendorsoftensellwaterbytheliter,buttheyoftenchargeextremelyhighpricesforwaterthatisnotalways

safetodrink.

本段的主題句是Indevelopingcountries,poorpeoplehavesufferedthemostfromshortagesofclean

water.這一段落主要是說明在發(fā)展中國家,很多窮人所面臨的一個(gè)問題一清潔水源嚴(yán)重短缺。隨后在展開

部分闡述了造成這一問題的原因。是說明文“現(xiàn)象+原因”的結(jié)構(gòu)。

2、提取關(guān)鍵詞概括主旨大意

在沒有明確的主題句的情況下,學(xué)生需要通過定位、提取和整合分散在原文中的關(guān)鍵詞對段落或者篇

章進(jìn)行主旨概括。

B

Generally,peoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandour

bodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractionssuchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.Butina

previousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocial

interactionssuchasenvy.

這是一段關(guān)于人體荷爾蒙的產(chǎn)生和釋放的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究說明文,但是文中沒有明顯的主題句。這時(shí)我們就可

以利用關(guān)鍵詞信息來概括主旨大意。

首先通過段落中的銜接詞"Generally"和“but”了解到研究結(jié)果涉及到兩個(gè)方面;然后在前后兩個(gè)句

子中又可以找出"thehormoneoxytocin"、“isletout"、“create“、"positive"、“negative“、"social

interaction"等關(guān)鍵詞,通過整合,概括主旨大意為:

Experimentsshowourbodycreatesandletouthormoneoxytocinduringbothpositiveandnegativesocial

interactions.

C

TherearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanimproveourEnglish.First,wecanreadasmanyEnglishbooks,

newspapersandmagazinesaspossible.Next,wemaylistentoEnglishprogramsontheradioorwatchEnglish

programsonTVeveryday.Besides,itisnecessaryforustoseizeeveryopportunitytospeakEnglishbothinand

afterclass.Finally,itisequallyimportanttoformthehabitoftakingnotesandkeepingadiaryinEnglish.

顯而易見,段落首句就是主題句,其中關(guān)鍵詞是“ways”“improveEnglish”。如果將主旨大意概括為

提高英語的方法有很多,未免顯得很空泛,所以我們可以從銜接詞“First"、“Next”、“Besides”和“Finally”

后的內(nèi)容中提取一些關(guān)鍵詞“read"、"listen"、“speaking”and“takingnotes和“keepingadiary”,

進(jìn)行整合,相對而言能夠更精確地表達(dá)主旨大意。這一段落的主旨大意概括為:

WecanimproveourEnglishbyreadingandlisteningtomoreEnglishmaterialsandtakechancestospeakand

writeinEnglish.

(二)如何提取核心內(nèi)容支撐主旨大意

區(qū)分核心內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)是概要寫作的一大難點(diǎn)。概要寫作不是篇章內(nèi)容的簡單羅列和呈現(xiàn),而是提取主

要內(nèi)容或關(guān)鍵信息的一個(gè)過程。所以同學(xué)們要仔細(xì)辨別什么是核心內(nèi)容,理清信息的主次,避免因?yàn)榉植?/p>

清楚主次而包含太多的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容,從而影響概要寫作的簡潔性。

1、核心內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)間的區(qū)別

核心內(nèi)容是為了表明作者的寫作目的或論證作者觀點(diǎn)而使用的具體論據(jù),是概要中的必要信息,通常

不能省略。而細(xì)節(jié)描寫往往為了起到突出和強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用,對文本內(nèi)容進(jìn)行更細(xì)致和深入的描述,通常被省

略。

一般而言,信息之間的邏輯關(guān)系可以幫助區(qū)分信息的主次關(guān)系。在一般和具體的關(guān)系中,主要內(nèi)容往

往是一般的,較多使用抽象詞;次要內(nèi)容較多使用具體的詞。我們不妨通過分析下面這個(gè)段落來具體了解

如何區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息,以便概要寫作時(shí)正確取舍。為了方便講解,我們對句子進(jìn)行編號(hào):

①"It'snotjuststudythat'sdifficult.②Youhavetogetusedtoawholenewwayoflife,whichcantakeup

allyourconcentrationinthebeginning,,,explainedXieLei,whohadlivedallherlifeinthesamecityinChina.

③Shetoldmethatshehadhadtolearnalmosteverythingagain.④“SometimesIfeltlikeachild,"shesaid.⑤力

hadtolearnhowtousethephone,howtopaybusfare,andhowtoaskashopkeeperforthingsIdidn'tknowthe

Englishfor.?WhenIgotlostandhadtoaskapasserbyfordirections,Ididn'talwaysunderstand.?Theydon't

talkliketheydoonourlisteningtapes,“shesaid,laughing.

第①句是一個(gè)過渡句,但difficult一詞是個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。第②句是本段的主題句,其中“getusedtoawhole

newwayoflife”“takeupallyourconcentration”是關(guān)鍵詞。從第③句到文末第⑦句都是關(guān)于“l(fā)earneverything

again”,通過舉例來說明gettingusedtonewwayoflifeisdifficult這樣一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。例證一般都是作為細(xì)節(jié)來

看待,因此概要中可省略。

通過對信息的篩選和整合,這段的主旨大意可以概括為:Gettingaccustomedtoapletelynewlifestyleis

noteasybecausemanythingsaretobelearnedagain.

除了前面所提到的利用一般和具體之間的關(guān)系來區(qū)分主要和次要內(nèi)容,因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、并列、

遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等也能幫助區(qū)分主次要信息。我們再來看一例:

XieLeiliveswithahostfamilywhogiveherlotsofgoodadvice.?Althoughsomeforeignstudentslivein

studentacmodationorapartments,somechoosetoboardwithEnglishfamilies.?Livingwithhostfamilies,in

whichtheremaybeothercollegestudents,givesherthechancetolearnmoreaboutthenewculture.④〃WhenI

hearanidiomthatIdon/tunderstand,Icanaskmyhostfamilyforhelp/'explainsXieLei.⑤“Also,whenImiss

myfamily,it'sagreatforttohaveasubstitutefamilytobewith.”

這一段落中沒有明顯的主題句,但是通讀文本后不難發(fā)現(xiàn)作者想要表達(dá)的是livingwithhostfamily的益

處。第①句中的定語從句是修飾hostfamily,但“giveherlotsofgoodadvice”是本句關(guān)鍵詞,提示了第一個(gè)

益處。第②句是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句,前后轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,一般而言Although引導(dǎo)的狀語從句部分是次要信息,

而主句部分則是主要信息,在這句中提取關(guān)鍵詞“toboardwithEnglishfamilies"。第③句中的hostfamilies

就是前面所提到的Englishfamilies,而此句中的關(guān)鍵詞“tolearnmoreaboutthenewculture”顯然是主要信息。

第④句是通過舉例的方式,進(jìn)一步證明livingwithhostfamily的好處。第⑤句的Also之后所提到的信息和

之前第③句的信息是同等重要的,因此在概要中需要提及,以保證要點(diǎn)齊全。

這一段落的主旨大意可以概括為:Livingwithahostfamilycanhelpstudentsgetmuchadvice,

understandanewcultureandrelievehomesickness.

2、例證重要性的判斷和取舍

分清重要信息和次要信息對于概要寫作很重要,有些同學(xué)認(rèn)為舉例,引入部分和定義等都屬于細(xì)節(jié)描

寫,因此在概要寫作時(shí)一律舍棄,但事實(shí)上這有失偏頗,有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一觀點(diǎn)或者表明觀點(diǎn)的真實(shí)性和

可靠性,會(huì)使用如舉例論證或者因果論證等方式,所以概要寫作時(shí),看到舉例論證,引入或者定義時(shí),不

能一概而論地舍棄。根據(jù)行文的需要來考慮例證的必要性和重要性,以此進(jìn)行取舍?,F(xiàn)在我們從“定義是

否需要作為細(xì)節(jié)而被刪減”的角度來看之前討論過的一個(gè)段落:

Plannedobsolescence,apracticeinwhichproductsaredesignedtohavealimitedperiodofusefulness,has

beenacornerstoneofmanufacturingfocusforthepast80years.Thisapproachincreasessales,butitalsostandsin

contrasttoatimewhengoodswereproducedtobedurable.Plannedobsolescencewastesmaterialsaswellas

energyinmakingandshippingnewproducts.Italsostrengthensthebeliefthatitiseasiertoreplacegoodsthanto

repairthem.In2009,anenterprisingmovement,the“RepairCafe95,saidnotothiswidelyacceptedbelief.

段落的首句,用同位語和定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)對plannedobsolescence一詞進(jìn)行了解釋。雖然一般來講,定

義是對某一名詞的具體說明和解釋,在概要寫作中被省略。但是plannedobsolescence對于大部分的讀者來

說是陌生的詞組,如果不加以一定的釋義,而是直接將這一詞組用于概要之中,許多讀者會(huì)因?yàn)椴焕斫膺@

個(gè)詞義而影響其對后文的理解;另一方面,第一句中的"aredesignedtohavealimitedperiodofusefulness”

為后文提到的這一做法的弊端做了鋪墊,進(jìn)而引出RepairCafe的出現(xiàn)。

由于plannedobsolescence的定義畢竟不是主要信息,所以在語言的表達(dá)和組織上還是要仔細(xì)斟酌。在

不超過規(guī)定字?jǐn)?shù)的前提下,盡量以分詞等結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn),不宜以單句形式表達(dá),以免本末倒置,偏離段落主旨

大意。

(三)如何使用自己語言表達(dá)原文要點(diǎn)

概要寫作強(qiáng)調(diào)寫作者用自己的語言言簡意賅地表達(dá)原文的主旨大意和重要內(nèi)容,要避免照搬原文。釋

義(Paraphrase)是將聽到或看到的內(nèi)容用自己的語言進(jìn)行表達(dá),可以借鑒原文的內(nèi)容,但是要學(xué)會(huì)用各種

方法來進(jìn)行改寫,達(dá)到“神似形不似的境界”。下面我們就具體來學(xué)習(xí)怎樣利用paraphrase來進(jìn)行改寫吧。

1、使用不同的詞匯

(1)同義替換:這是paraphrase最簡單的方法,就是用近義詞或者同義短語替換原文中相應(yīng)的部分。

通常使用這種方法時(shí),不需對句子的其它部分進(jìn)行改動(dòng)。

,Itismonlybelievedthattakingregularexercisedoesgoodtopeople'shealth.

fItiswidelyacceptedthattakingregularexercisedoesgoodtopeople'shealth.

(2)改變詞性:這一方法和同義替換較為類似,但是通過詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的形式替換原文中的相應(yīng)內(nèi)容。

,Theyoungmanwassentencedtoprisonbecausehegotinvolvedinamurder.

fTheyoungmanwassentencedtoprisonbecauseofhisinvolvementinamurder.

(3)使用不同的連接詞。連接詞不僅連接句子,也連接段落,所以掌握一些連接詞的替換,對改寫也有

很大的幫助。請看下面的例句:

,Hestayeduplateyesterday,asaresult,hefellasleepinclasstoday.

fHewenttobedsolatethathefellasleepinclasstoday.

(4)對原詞進(jìn)行逆向表達(dá)。對一些形容詞或副詞進(jìn)行修改,比如采用反義詞,雙重否定即肯定等改寫手

段也可以達(dá)到用自己語言表達(dá)原文的目的,比如:

,Thepresentfinancialsituationisnotassimpleashethought.

fThecurrentfinancialsituationismoreplicatedthanhethought.

2、使用不同的句型

(1)詞序的改變。

(2)主被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

(3)從句和非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

(4)概括性的詞代替具體的詞。

說明文概要寫作是考試熱點(diǎn),一般來說說明文體的閱讀材料內(nèi)容大致可以分為以下幾類:

現(xiàn)象揭示類:

Thearticlepointsoutthemonphenomenon—(主題),which…(補(bǔ)充解釋)

利弊對比類:

Thearticleparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A,,,whileB…

Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.

Onthepositiveside,***,butitmayalso***

研究顯示類:

Thestudyrevealsthat…

Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat***

在日常的英語教學(xué)中,教師經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生就所學(xué)英語課文逐段概括段落大意或者復(fù)述課文,這在一定程

度上都為概要寫作打基礎(chǔ)。除此之外,作為考生,還要注意以下幾點(diǎn):

⑴積累常見的同義短語和句型轉(zhuǎn)換,掌握并運(yùn)用單詞、短語和句型?!扒蓩D難為無米之炊”,即使有再好的

寫作技巧,如果沒有相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識(shí),也很難寫出概要寫作的上乘之作。因此,考生要在基礎(chǔ)

詞匯和句法知識(shí)上下功夫,以不變應(yīng)萬變。

⑵進(jìn)行適度地專題練習(xí)。有計(jì)劃地進(jìn)行適度練習(xí)有利于考生快速掌握概要寫作的要點(diǎn),找到概要寫作的感

覺,沖破對概要寫作的不適感。平時(shí)可多進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)分析和主旨概括訓(xùn)練。可按文體和題材,分類訓(xùn)練語篇

結(jié)構(gòu)的布局,增強(qiáng)對語篇上下文連貫性的把握。概要寫作首先要掌握各種文體的寫作特點(diǎn)和框架。如:

記敘文:what/who/when/where/why/how(語篇模式)

議論文:opinion/idea+argument(supportingideas/reasons)(語篇模式)

說明文:phenomenon/problem+reason+solution(causeandeffect),introductionofanobject(howitismade,

howitisused,howitmaychange,whatmakesitneworsignificant)(語篇模式)

1.【上海市進(jìn)才中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月階段性測試】

HeightenYourAppreciationofMusic

Musicissuchafundamentalpartofhumanculturethatitlikelypredatesliteracy,theinventionofthewheel,and

eventhemusicalnoteitself.Whilepeoplegenerallyknowwhatkindofmusictheylike一andwhattheydon't-ifs

possibletoexpandyourappreciationbylearningnewwaystolisten.Herearesometipsforcultivatingsensitive

awarenessofmusicalelements.

Youmightfeelfrightenedpickingupaguitarorsittingdownatapiano-butlearninganinstrumentcanhelp

youbetterunderstandhowasongestogetherandwhatroleaspecifictypeofsoundplaysintheposition.Moreover,

themovementandeffortofaliveperformancecanoftenfocusyourattentiononpartsofasongyoumayhave

otherwisemissed.So,thenexttimeyouhearasong——particularlyaclassicalarrangement——trytoimagineitbeing

performed.Or,trytopictureascene(athunderstorm,arace)thatbestfitsthemoodandtempoofthepiece.

It'scertainlynotnecessarytograbyourfavoritemusician'sbiographyinordertoappreciateagoodditty,butit

mayhelpyoubetterunderstandthecontextinwhichheorshewrotethelyricsorrecordedatrack.Researching

backgroundscanalsoleadyoutodiscoversocialandpoliticalinfluencesatthetimethemusicwascreated.

Itcouldbehardtoappreciateawarmdayunlessyou'vespentawinterfreezing.Likewise,listeningtomusic

requiresacontrastthathelpsyoubetterunderstandhoworganizedandharmoniousitcanbe.Listento一don'tjust

hear——mon,everydaynoises.Whilesomemaybeirritating,othersmayhaveamelodyalltheirown.Eitherway,

you'llreturntoapieceofmusicwithanewrespectforafocused,deliberatebitofsound.

【答案】Asmusicisimportantinhumanculture,hereareseveralwaystolevelupone'sappreciation.First,

learninginstrumentshelpsunderstandmusicalpositionandliveperformancemakesonefocusonthedetails.

Second,musician'sbiographiesandbackgroundresearchtellthecontextknowledgeandinfluencesofmusical

pieces.Finally,onecanappreciatemusicbetterifhelistenstoeverydaynoisesasacontrast.

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章就如何提高對音樂的鑒賞力給出幾條建議。

【詳解】1要點(diǎn)摘錄

①M(fèi)usicissuchafundamentalpartofhumanculturethatitlikelypredatesliteracy,theinventionofthewheel,and

eventhemusicalnoteitself.

②Herearesometipsforcultivatingsensitiveawarenessofmusicalelements.

③Youmightfeelfrightenedpickingupaguitarorsittingdownatapiano——butlearninganinstrumentcanhelp

youbetterunderstandhowasongestogetherandwhatroleaspecifictypeofsoundplaysintheposition.

?Moreover,themovementandeffortofaliveperformancecanoftenfocusyourattentiononpartsofasongyou

mayhaveotherwisemissed.

⑤It'scertainlynotnecessarytograbyourfavoritemusician'sbiographyinordertoappreciateagoodditty,butit

mayhelpyoubetterunderstandthecontextinwhichheorshewrotethelyricsorrecordedatrack.Researching

backgroundscanalsoleadyoutodiscoversocialandpoliticalinfluencesatthetimethemusicwascreated.

?Likewise,listeningtomusicrequiresacontrastthathelpsyoubetterunderstandhoworganizedandharmonious

itcanbe.Listento一don'tjusthear一mon,everydaynoises.

2.縝密構(gòu)思

將第1、2兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合,將第3、4兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合,將第5要點(diǎn)概括大意,將第6要點(diǎn)重組。

3.遣詞造句

Asmusicisimportantinhumanculture,hereareseveralwaystolevelupone'sappreciation.

Learninginstrumentshelpsunderstandmusicalpositionandliveperformancemakesonefocusonthedetails.

Musician'sbiographiesandbackgroundresearchtellthecontextknowledgeandinfluencesofmusicalpieces.

Onecanappreciatemusicbetterifhelistenstoeverydaynoisesasacontrast.

【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型l]Asmusicisimportantinhumanculture,hereareseveralwaystolevelupone'sappreciation.

(運(yùn)用了as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句)

[高分句型2]Finally,onecanappreciatemusicbetterifhelistenstoeverydaynoisesasacontrast.(運(yùn)用了if弓|導(dǎo)

的條件狀語從句)

2.【上海市建平中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中英語試卷】

Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicof

sleepinessinthenation/41can'tthinkofasinglestudythathasn'tfoundAmericansgettinglesssleepthantheyought

to,“saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.

Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedbacktotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.From

diaryentriesandourpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleepscientistshavereachedtheconclusion

thattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5hoursanight.9,Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwe

hadnothingtodointheeveningdownontheform,anditwasdark."Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehad

beenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmostpeoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock."'Peoplecheat

intheirsleep,andtheydon'tevenrealizethey9redoingit,“saysDr.David,9,Theythinkthey'reokaybecausetheycan

getbyon6.5hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,8orevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous.^^

Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssay,istheplexityoftheday.Wheneverpressuresfrom

work,family,friendsandmunityincrease,manypeopleconsidersleeptheleastexpensiveitemontheirprogram.^^In

oursociety,you'reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouneedonly5.5hours5sleep.Ifyou'vegottoget8.5hours,

peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.9,

Todeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicaland

performancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonly

minutesearlier."We'vefoundthatifyou'reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,saysDr.David,“Shortterm

memoryisweakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.^^

【答案】Sleepdeficit,amonphenomenoninAmerica,iscausedbyseveralfactors.Firstly,theinventionofthelight

bulbhaschangedpeople'slifestyleandshortenpeople'ssleeptimebyabout2hours.Secondly,variouspressuresand

misleadingsocialconceptsalsocontributetosleepdeficit.Researchershavefoundoutthatsleepdeficitwould

influenceusintellectually.

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國人睡眠缺乏的原因,以及睡眠不足會(huì)帶來的影響。

【詳解】1.要點(diǎn)摘錄

?Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehavioragreethatthereisvirtuallyanepidemicof

sleepinessinthenation.

②Thebeginningofoursleepdeficitcrisiscanbetracedbacktotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.

③Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleepschedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5and8hours,andmost

peoplehadtowaketoanalarmclock.

?Perhapsthemostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssay,istheplexityoftheday.

⑤Inoursociety,you'reconsidereddynamicifyousayyouneedonly5.5hours5sleep.Ifyou'vegottoget8.5

hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.^^

⑥“We'vefoundthatifyou'reinsleepdeficit,performancesuffers,saysDr.David,“Shorttermmemoryis

weakened,asareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.^^

2.縝密構(gòu)思

將要點(diǎn)1、6精簡,將要點(diǎn)2、3,要點(diǎn)4、5進(jìn)行整合

3.遣詞造句

Sleepdeficit,amonphenomenoninAmerica,iscausedbyseveralfactors.

Firstly,theinventionofthelightbulbhaschangedpeople'slifestyleandshortenpeople'ssleeptimebyabout2

hours.

Secondly,variouspressuresandmisleadingsocialconceptsalsocontributetosleepdeficit.

Researchershavefoundoutthatsleepdeficitwouldinfluenceusintellectually.

【‘點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]Firstly,theinventionofthelightbulbhaschangedpeople'slifestyleandshortenpeople's

sleeptimebyabout2hours.(運(yùn)用了and連接并列句)。

[高分句型2]Researchershavefoundoutthatsleepdeficitwouldinfluenceusintellectually.(運(yùn)用了that弓|導(dǎo)賓語

從句)

3.【上海市格致中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三9月月考英語試卷】

InstagramConcerns

AlthoughthepopularsocialmediaAPPInstagramcanbeusedinmanypositiveways,therearesignificantrisks

toyourchildthatallparentsshouldbeawareof.

ManyInstagramusersareknownfortheirperfectlyposedandeditedphotosofdelicatelife.Thelinebetween

realityandwhatispostedonsocialmediaisoftenvague.Teensoftenfinditimpossiblenottoparetheirappearance,

belongings,status,andlifestyletothelivesofthosetheyfollow.Itissoeasyforachildtobeeconsumedbythis

constantparison.IfyourchildhasgatheredalargeInstagramfollowingordoesnothavepropersettingsturnedon,

sharedinformationmaybepublicforalltosee.Althoughcontentshowedinyourchild'sInstagramfeedistailored

towardtheirbrowsinghistoryandinterests,itispossibletheycouldencounterpotentiallyinappropriatesubject

matter.

Feelingconcernedorworried?Ratherthanbanningyourchildfromtheplatformentirely,youmightconsiderthe

following:

Whenachildspendstoomuchtimeviewinglifethroughtheimagesofothers,theycanforgettotakethetimeto

trulylivetheirownlife.EncourageyourchildtoincorporateplentyofscreenfreeandInstagramfreetimeintotheir

dailylives.Onewayyoucaninfluenceyourchildtodevelopahealthyrelationshipwithsocialmediaisby

demonstratingoneyourself.Setasideyourownscreenfreetimeeachday.Also,itiscrucialthat,asaparent,you

understandyourchild'ssocialmediapresenceandhaveopenandhonestconversationsaboutthedangersof

selfparisonandoversharingonInstagram.Ifyounoticeyourchildisconstantlyexperiencingthesideeffectsof

Instagramdespiteyourbesteffortstakethestepsnecessarytoprotectyourchild.Forsome,thismaymeanlockingthe

apponyourchild'sphoneuntilapromisecanbereached.

【答案】Instagramusemaycauseteenagers5anxietybecausetheyfeeldwarfedbytheparisonwiththefancypostsby

theinfluencers.Privacyleakandinappropriatecontentexpositionareunderlyingrisks.Parentscansetscreenfree

time,setagoodexamplethemselvesinproperlyusingInstagram.Theycanhaveopenconversationsabouttheir

concernsandintervenewhenit'snecessary.

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文,文章介紹說,盡管流行的社交媒體APPInstagram可以有很多積極的用途,但

所有父母都應(yīng)該意識(shí)到,這對你的孩子來說有很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),文章也介紹了降低或克服這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的一些措施。

【詳解】1.要點(diǎn)摘錄

①M(fèi)anyInstagramusersareknownfortheirperfectlyposedandeditedphotosofdelicatelife.Thelinebetween

realityandwhatispostedonsocialmediaisoftenvague.Teensoftenfinditimpossiblenottoparetheirappearance,

belongings,status,andlifestyletothelivesofthosetheyfollow.

②IfyourchildhasgatheredalargeInstagramfollowingordoesnothavepropersettingsturnedon,shared

informationmaybepublicforalltosee.

③Onewayyoucaninfluenceyourchildtodevelopahealthyrelationshipwithsocialmediaisbydemonstrating

oneyourself.Setasideyourownscreenfreetimeeachday.

④Alsoitiscrucialthat,asaparent,youunderstandyourchild'ssocialmediapresenceandhaveopenandhonest

conversationsaboutthedangersofselfparisonandoversharingonInstagram.Ifyounoticeyourchildis

constantlyexperiencingthesideeffectsofInstagramdespiteyourbesteffortstakethestepsnecessarytoprotectyour

child.

2.縝密構(gòu)思

將第1、2兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重組,將第3、4兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合。

3.遣詞造句

TeenagersfeeldwarfedbytheparisonwiththefancypostsbytheInstagraminfluencers,whichisthereasonwhy

Instagramusemaycauseteenagers5anxiety.Thereareunderlyingriskswhichincludeprivacyleakand

inappropriatecontentexposition.Parentscansetscreenfreetime,whichmeanstheysetagoodexamplethemselves

inproperlyusingInstagram.Theycanhaveopenconversationsthatareabouttheirconcernsandintervenewhen

it'snecessary.

【‘點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]TeenagersfeeldwarfedbytheparisonwiththefancypostsbytheInstagraminfluencers,

whichisthereasonwhyInstagramusemaycauseteenagers9anxiety.(運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句、

why引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句)

[高分句型2]Thereareunderlyingriskswhichincludeprivacyleakandinappropriatecontentexposition^運(yùn)用了

which引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句)

4.【上海市大同中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試卷】

ToBeACreativePerson

Withoutcreativepeople,theworldwouldbeaterribleplace.Canyouimaginealifewithoutart?Thethought

alonemakesmetremble.CouldyoubethenextWilliamShakespeare,StevenSpielberg,orJ.K.Rowling?

Creativetypesdon'talwaysgetalongwellwithmanagementbecausetheywouldrathermarchtothebeatof

theirowndrum.Mostpeoplehaveastrongdesiretofitin,somethingthatyoudon'tunderstand.Followingtherules

makesyouunfortable.Whilemostpeoplearerunningandhidingfromproblems,youpurposelyseekthembecause

youlovenothingmorethanafreshnewchallenge.

Youwroteablogmanymonthsagoandthoughtitwaswonderfulatthetimeyoupublishedit.Butthenyouread

itagainlaterandwonder,4tWhatonearthwasIthinking?^^Youthenidentifyapproximatelyathousandwaysitcould

havebeenbetterandkickyourselfforbeingsostupid.Abrainlackingcuriosityisnotcreative.

Somewritersgotoacountryhouseorbeachtowritenovelsforareason.Someatmospheresaremorehelpfulto

creativitythanothers.Maybeyouliketopackupyourlaptopandgotoacoffeeshop,downtownbench,orundera

treeatthepark.Whateverthecasemaybe,youneedtoknowwheretogotodevelopyourcreativity.

Inspirationdoesn'thappenonitsown.Whetheritistheopeningofanartgallery,atheatricalproduction,orlive

musicatadowntownbar,yousearchforinspirationwhereveryoucanfindit.Ifsnicetoknowyou'renotalonein

yourdesiretocreate.Whetherapersonwhohatesyouthinksyourartisbad,afamilymemberthinksyoudeservea

realjob,orafriendthinksyourideaswillneverwork,andyouwillnevergiveintooutsidepressure.

【答案】Acreativepersonhasthefollowingcharacteristics.Firstly,whateverheisdoing,hewillbeusedtoactingat

hisownpaceandtakeonanewdemandingchallenge.Secondly,healwayshascuriosityinhisbrain,constantly

lookingfornewideasinanewenvironment.Lastly,howeverdifficulttheoutsideworldis,hewillnotgivein.(58

words)

【解析】

【分析】本篇書面表達(dá)是概要寫作,要求概括有創(chuàng)造力的人的三個(gè)特征,包括按照自己的節(jié)奏行事、接受

新的挑戰(zhàn)、總是有好奇心,不斷地在新的環(huán)境中尋找新的想法,以及不向困難低頭,注意詞數(shù)要求和使用

自己的語言。

【詳解】1、寫之前,需要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地讀幾遍原文材料,讓理解更深刻。

2、遵循原文的邏輯順序,對重要部分的主題、標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行概括,全面清晰地表明原文信息。

3、給摘要起一個(gè)好標(biāo)題,比如:可以采用文中的主題句。

4、盡量使用自己的話完成,不要引用原文的句子,篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一長。

5.【上海市復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試】

municatingscience

Oneofthemajorproblemsforscientistsliesinmunicatingthevalueofresearchtononspecialiststhat

matter:policymakersandthegeneralpublic.Inrecentyears,scientificorganisationshaveealongwayindeveloping

waystomakesciencemoreaccessibletononspecialistgroups.

Thedevelopmentofblogshashelpedsubstantiallyinbringingscienceclosertothepublic.Accordingto

Wikipedia,theScienceBlogsnetworkisnowranked37thamongthemostauthoritativeblogsworldwide,withtwoof

itssectionshavingwonweblogawards.Releasedfromeditorialrestrictions,sciencebloggersgenerallyfocuson

areasofsciencethattheyarebothpassionateandknowledgeableabout.Theyoftenwriteaboutscienceinan

accessible,livelymanner,anditisthisthatperhapsmostattractsmembersofthepublic.EdYong'sNotExactly

RocketScience,forinstance,isfilledwiththewriter'senthusiasmanddowntoearthattitudetowardsthesubject.His

chatty,youthfulstyleappealstoawiderangeofreaders.

Televisionhasalsoboostedtheimageofscience

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論