北師大版高中英語必修二第6講：Unit5-Rhythm-語法篇(教師版)

Unit5Rhythm語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、狀語從句（=1\*ROMANI）—時(shí)間和讓步2、狀語從句（=2\*ROMANII）—原因，結(jié)果和目的在復(fù)合句中修飾主句或主句中的某一部分作狀語的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句通常由從屬連詞或起連詞作用的詞組引導(dǎo)。狀語從句根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思不同，可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步九類。時(shí)間狀語從句：主要由when,whenever,after,before,as,(ever)since,assoonas,(not)until,while,immediately,themoment等連詞引導(dǎo)。when,while,as（當(dāng)…時(shí)）的用法區(qū)別=1\*GB3①當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞表示短暫動(dòng)作，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞有持續(xù)性特征時(shí)，這三者可以互換。例：Igotthenewsontheradiowhen/whileas/Iwashavingbreakfast.=2\*GB3②當(dāng)主，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都表示非持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，而且兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，不用while,可用when和as。例：Imetas/whenIwasgettingoffthebus.=3\*GB3③當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前，只能用when引導(dǎo)從句，不可用as或while。例：Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.=4\*GB3④當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是bedoing/beabouttodo/haddone時(shí)只能用when,when在此時(shí)相當(dāng)于andatthatmoment就在那時(shí)。例：TheywerewatchingtheWorldCupwhensuddenlythelightswentout.=5\*GB3⑤當(dāng)主、從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，或表示對(duì)比關(guān)系，用while。例：ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,whileinfact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.=6\*GB3⑥as表示“隨著”例：Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.表示“一…就…”的結(jié)構(gòu)Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than和assoonas例：Ihadhardly/scarcelygothome,whenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantorain.注意：如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.比較until和till=1\*GB3①until/till用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“直到…為止”，主句必須為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例：Weshallwaituntil/tillhecomes.=2\*GB3②notuntil/till表示“直到…才”，主句通常要用短暫性動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)until和till可用before代替。例：Ididn’tleaveuntil/till/beforeshecameback.=3\*GB3③當(dāng)notuntil位于句首時(shí)，主句中的主語，謂語要使用倒裝語序。例：NotuntilshestoppedcryingdidIleave.注意：until引導(dǎo)的從句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till從句一般不放在句首。名詞詞組引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，如：everytime（每次），thenexttime（下次），themoment（一…就），theinstant（一…就），thesecond（一…就），theday（那天）等。Ididn’thaveapennythelasttimeIsawyou.since和before的用法比較：兩者均可用于“It+be…+since/before+從句”的句型。區(qū)別是since表“自從…以來”，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：Itis/hasbeensometimesincesb.didsth.;Itwassometimesincesb.haddonesth.。而before的含義是“過了多久才…”，結(jié)構(gòu)是：Itwillbesometimebeforesb.do(es)sth.;Itwas/hadbeensometimebeforesb.didsth.。例：Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句表示在某種相反的條件下，主句中的情況依然會(huì)出現(xiàn)。讓步狀語從句由although,though,as,while,however,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whether…or…,nomatter(who,what,etc),evenif,eventhough等詞或短語引導(dǎo)。=1\*GB3①although/though這兩個(gè)詞意思是一樣，都意為“雖然，盡管”。although比though正式。although,though不能與but連用，但是可以與yet,still,nevertheless連用。而while突出主句和從句的對(duì)比。例：Although/Thoughheblamesme,yetIwilltrusthim.=2\*GB3②evenif,eventhough這兩個(gè)詞語氣比though,although強(qiáng)，意為“即使”，兩者可以通用。例：Wewon’tbediscouragedevenif/thoughwefailtentimes.=3\*GB3③however,whatever,whenever,wherever相當(dāng)于nomatter(how,what,when,where,etc)，這幾個(gè)詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句語氣十分強(qiáng)烈。Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.=4\*GB3④連詞as同though一樣，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但從句中要用特殊語序。例：Childrenasheis,heknowsalot.原因狀語從句原因狀語從句是表示原因和理由的從句。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的有as,because,since,now(that),consideringthat,seeingthat等。=1\*GB3①because,since,as,for的區(qū)別because語氣最強(qiáng)，表示產(chǎn)生某結(jié)果的直接原因，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗號(hào)隔開，在回答why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)，只能用because。例：Youshouldn’tgetangryonlybecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.since往往表示的是已知的客觀事實(shí)，或分析后的推理，引導(dǎo)的從句大多置于句首，語氣比because弱。例：Sinceyou’renotinterested,Iwon’ttellyouaboutit.as表示的理由最弱，只是對(duì)主句的附帶說明，重點(diǎn)在主句。as從句通常放在主句前。例：Asyouareunabletoanswer,perhapsweshouldasksomeoneelse.for是并列連詞，只用于連接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。Thedaybreaks,forthebirdsaresinging.注意：because不能與so連用=2\*GB3②now(that)（既然，因?yàn)椋?，consideringthat,seeingthat（鑒于…的事實(shí)，考慮到…），inthat（在于，由于）例：Now(that)dinnerisready,goandwashyourhands.目的狀語從句目的狀語從句是表示行為目的的從句。引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的主要連詞有sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthat等。=1\*GB3①inorderthat與sothat表示“為了，以便，”一般放在主句之后，inorderthat也可放在句首。從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can,could,may,might,should等。例：Iwillspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstand.注意：當(dāng)主從句的主語一致時(shí)，sothat和inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例：Wegotupearlysothatwewouldarriveintime.=Wegotupearlysoastoarriveintime.=2\*GB3②incase,forfearthat都表示“以免，以防，唯恐”，含有否定意義。Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：sothat,so…that,such…that等。結(jié)果狀語從句經(jīng)常至于主句之后。sothat,suchthat。其中sothat最為常用，so或that常用于口語或非正式文體中；suchthat可以連用，意思是“如此…以至于”。例：Whathashappenedthatyoulooksoworried?so…that如此…以至于…。其引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句有如下四種結(jié)構(gòu)：=1\*GB3①so+形容詞/副詞+that從句例：Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.=2\*GB3②so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞+that從句例：Itwassohotadaythattheyallwentswimming.=3\*GB3③so+many/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that從句例：IhavehadsomanyfallsthatI’mblackandblueallover.=4\*GB3④so+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句例：IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’tevenaffordausedcar.such…that如此…以至于…。其引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句有以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)：=1\*GB3①such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatallofuslikeherverymuch.=2\*GB3②such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that從句Hemadesuchrapidprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.提示：“such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，可以和“so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)互換。例：Hetoldussuchafunnystorythatwealllaughed.=Hetoldussofunnyastorythatwealllaughed.注意：有些時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，條件，方式或讓步等狀語從句中，如果謂語含有be，主語又和主句中的主語一致，或者主語是it，常把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分（特別是be）省略掉。例1.It’smucheasiertomakefriends_____youhavesimilarinterests.unlesswheneventhoughsothat解析：句意：當(dāng)你們有相似興趣的時(shí)候，交朋友就容易多了。unless除非；when當(dāng)…時(shí)候；eventhough即使；sothat以便，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：B。例2._____small,thecompanyhasabout1.000buyersinover30countries.AsIfAlthoughOnce解析：句意：這家公司雖然小，但它在30多個(gè)國家有大約1000個(gè)客戶。根據(jù)句意判斷，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。答案：C。例3.Thepoliceofficersinmycityworkhard_____therestofuscanliveasafelife.incaseasifinorderthatonlyif解析：句意：我們市里的警察們努力工作是為了讓我們能過上安全的生活。考查目的狀語從句。incase以防萬一；asif好像；inorderthat為了，以便于；onlyif只要。答案：C。例4.Afterayear,doctorsdiagnosedhimwithadiseasesorare_____itaffectsjustonein8millionchildren.A.afterB.thatC.asD.since解析：句意：一年以后，醫(yī)生診斷出他患了一種很罕見的疾病以至于八百萬孩子中只有一個(gè)孩子可能會(huì)的此病。根據(jù)句中的sorare可判斷設(shè)空處用that，構(gòu)成“so…that…”句型。答案：B。例5.（2015北京石景山高三第一學(xué)期期末）—Areyoufreenow?Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.—OK,_____youmakeitshort.Youknow,Iambusy.A.nowthatB.assoonasC.everytimeD.aslongas解析：句意：你現(xiàn)在有空嗎？我要告訴你一件有趣的是。好的，只要你能簡短的說。你知道我很忙的。A項(xiàng)意為“既然”；B項(xiàng)意為“一…就”；C項(xiàng)意為“每次”；D項(xiàng)意為“只要”，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：D?；A(chǔ)演練一，選詞填空。Itwas__________(notuntil/until)midnightthathewentbackhomeaftertheexperiment.You’dbettertakedownallthekeypoints__________(unless/while)thememoryisstillfreshinyourmind.Howcanyouexpecttomakeprogress__________(before/when)youneverlisteninclass?Hesmiledpolitely__________(asif/though)Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.Ihadhardlygottotheoffice__________(when/while)mywifep____honedmetogobackhomeatonce.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears__________(as/before)itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.__________(While/Once/Until)IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.Hot__________(as/whatever)thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.__________(Since/Although/Because)hepromisedthathewouldn’tbelate,hedidn’tarriveuntiltheendoftheparty.—Don’tyouthinkthenewjobisarealchallengeforJack?—Well,__________(whichever/whatever)difficultieshemeets,Ibelievehewillneverloseheart.Keys：一，1.notuntil 2.while3.when 4.as5.when 6.before7.while 8.as9.Although 10.whatever鞏固提高二，單項(xiàng)選擇。One’slifehasvalue_____onebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.sothat B.nomatterhow C.aslongas D.expectthat（2015北京東城高三一模）You’dbetterpreparesomecandlesathome_____thepowerfails.inwinter.Eventhough B.incase C.aslongas D.inorderthat（2015北京東城高三二模）______youknowhimwell,youwillfindhimeasytobearoundandthoughtful.However B.Though C.Once D.Before（2015北京通州高三二模）Theresultsofthevotingwillremainsecret_____theyareannouncednextWednesday.until B.unless C.after D.when（2015北京通州高三一模）_____youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.Unless B.Although C.Before D.OnceKeys：1-5CBCAD一，單項(xiàng)選擇。1.Thenumberofpeoplewho____Englishasaforeignlanguage____morethan750million.A.learns;is B.learn;are C.learns;are D.learn;is2.Hikingis____greatfun.Youwillgetcloseto____natureandtakeexerciseatthesametime.A.a;the B.a;不填 C.不填；the D.不填；不填3.Thereasonhecouldnotgotherewashisgradesweretoolow.A.why;because B.why;that C.forwhich;which D.forwhich;不填4.Allthevillagersthefightagainstthebigflood,youngandold,menandwomen.A.joined;including B.joinedin;containingC.joinedin;including D.joined;containing5.Whenyoufinish,pleaseputthebookbackitwas.A.where B.atwhich C.theplace D.theplacethat6.Musicis______justsound,itisawayofthinking.A.morethan B.nomorethan C.only D.notmorethan7.Heinvitedmetotakepartinthefootballgame,butIwatchit.A.wouldratherto B.wouldrather C.wouldprefer D.hadbetter8.Afteralongtripina(n)country,you’llfindyourgreatlyimproved.A.English-speaking;spokenEnglish B.spokenEnglish;English-speakingC.speaking-English;spokenEnglish D.spokenEnglish;speaking-English9.Thereusedtobenodeerintheforest,butnowtheyareveryinit.A.alive;common B.living;usual C.live;ordinary D.living;common10.Heisreallyconsideringhimselftothesechildrenofthepoormountainvillage.A.todevote;educating B.devoting;educatingC.devoting;educate D.todevote;educate11.——Tomorrow,let’shaveaswimfirstandthengofishing.——.I’llcallforyouatyourhouseat9a.m.A.Well,itdepends B.That’sagoodpointC.Well,Idon’tknow D.I’mafraidIdon’tagree12.Hedoesn’tneedtobepresent,?A.doeshe B.needshe C.musthe D.needhe13.hesays,Iwon’tbelievehimsinceIknowheisabigliar.A.NomatterwhatB.whateverC.What D.BothAandB14.Cellphonesmakepossibleforustotalktofromanywhere.A.that;anybodyB.it;anyoneC.which;anyone D.this;everyone15.ManylargeRussiancities,suchasChelybinskandIrkutsk,havetakentoprotecttheirculture.A.measureB.stepsC.behavior D.act 一，1-15DDBCAABADBAADBB__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一，完形填空。Praisescanreallyhelpothersseethemselvesfortheirnaturalabilitiesandbelieveinwhattheyareandwhattheycanbecome.46,wemustbeverycarefulwiththelabels(稱號(hào)),ortheycanbackfire（產(chǎn)生反作用）onus.Ifapersonis47identified(被等同于)withthesamelabel,hemay_48tobelievethatheonlyhasworthashelivesuptothatlabel.Asoftenaspossibleweshouldpraisespecific（具體的）actions,49thewordsneverandalways.Inthiswaywedon'ttieapersontoo50withalabel.Herearesomeexamples:"I'm51thatyoualreadyhaveyourhomeworkdone.Doesn'titmakeyoufeelgoodwhenyouworkso52?"Ratherthan"Youalwaysgetyourhomeworkdoneontime.Youareso53thatyouneverhaveanyproblemswithit,"whichgiveshiman54goaltoreach.Noonealwaysgetshishomeworkdoneontimewithoutany55."Thatwassoniceofyouto56yourballwithyourlittlebrother.Youreallymadehimhappy."Ratherthan"Youalwaysshareyour57.Youarethemostthoughtful（體貼人的）personIknow."Noonealwaysshares,58doeshehaveto.We59toknowwearestillgoodpeople,60wedon'tshare100%ofthetimeandevenwhenwehavetimeswedon't61helpingothers."Thankyoufordoingthedishestonight,eventhoughitwasn'tyour62.Itmeanssomuchthatyouwoulddothemforme."Ratherthan"Youarealways_63.Youneverletanyone_64_whentheyneed65."Noonecanalwaysbeallthingstoallpeople.Ifwegivethatkindofreputation（名譽(yù)）toliveupto,wearesettingupsomeonetofail.1.A.Thus B.Besides C.Therefore D.However2.A.occasionally B.continually C.gradually D.definitely3.A.have B.object C.come D.cause4.A.avoiding B.using C.forgetting D.remembering5.A.attentively B.carefully C.excitedly D.closely6.A.impressed B.puzzled C.honored D.dissatisfied7.A.fast B.bravely C.hard D.hurriedly8.A.careless B.smart C.open-minded D.promising9.A.effective B.unimportant C.unnecessary D.impossible10.A.try B.support C.effort D.aid11.A.kick B.play C.exchange D.share12.A.balls B.toys C.opinions D.losses13.A.nor B.either C.hardly D.only14.A.want B.need C.mean D.get15.A.incase B.asif C.evenif D.asthough16.A.seemlike B.looklike C.wouldlike D.feellike17.A.time B.turn C.dishes D.rights18.A.serving B.giving C.doing D.encouraging19.A.out B.in C.up D.