中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)-被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)梳理01被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（passivevoice）是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，其時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am\is\are+done一般將來(lái)時(shí) will+be+done一般過(guò)去時(shí) was\were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am\is\are+being+done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was\were+being+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have\has+been+done情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done句式結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定句主語(yǔ)+was/were+過(guò)去分詞+其他.Thecompetitionwasheldin2020.否定句主語(yǔ)+wasn’t/weren’t+過(guò)去分詞+其他.Iwasn’ttoldtoattendthemeetingyesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句及回答Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were.否定回答:No,主語(yǔ)+wasn’t/weren’t.—Werethetreesplantedlastyear?—

Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句Whenwasthebridgecompleted?Grammar一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doneWhenwasthezipperinvented?Itwas

inventedin1893.Whowasitinventedby?Itwas

inventedbyWhitcombJudson.WhenwasteabroughttoKorea?Itwas

broughttoKoreaduringthe6thand7thcenturies.Whatisthehotice-creamscoopusedfor?It’s

usedforservingreallycoldice-cream.ActiveVoice:AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.PassiveVoice:Thetelephonewasinvented(byAlexanderGrahamBell)in1876.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)Theroom

byme.Theroom

bymeyesterday.iscleanedwascleaned一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)由什么動(dòng)詞決定？由be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定；be動(dòng)詞什么時(shí)態(tài)，該句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)①肯定句:主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其他一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①肯定句:主語(yǔ)+

+及物動(dòng)詞的

+其他

was/were過(guò)去分詞Presentation注意！1.

不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)或者沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)：ThiswatchismadeinChina,Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.2.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如：Chinese

isspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.3.感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義這些動(dòng)詞有feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等.Thestonefeelsverycold.石頭摸起來(lái)很冷.注意！4.有些及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這些及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有fit,have,marry,wish,cost,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,belongto等.e.g.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.你說(shuō)的與我們聽說(shuō)的一致.注意！5.有些不及物動(dòng)詞組成短語(yǔ)后,也可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)e.g.Hewaslookeddownuponbecauseofhisegoism.他因自私而受人冷落.6.有些動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞,當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時(shí),表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能,是不及物動(dòng)詞,用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng),這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常見的這類動(dòng)詞有write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等.e.g.Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗.注意！7.在主謂雙賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，每個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，即其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告訴了我們真相。→WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.→ThetruthwastoldtousbyJack.注意：如果是直接賓語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)的話，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后要加to。8.在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，to也要還原。Iseehimplaybasketball.→Heisseentoplaybasketball.Hewasnottoldtobuythering.Theplantwasnotwateredintime.Theroomsarenotcleaned.Heisnotallowedtogoout.not主語(yǔ)be現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞not主語(yǔ)be過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Presentation一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)句的否定形式是什么？Whataretheydoing?Doyouknowhowpotatochipswereinvented?PredictonTheywereinventedbyacookcalledGeorgeCrum.Butheinventedthembymistake.=byaccident/kr?m/Whenwasitinvented?Whowasitinventedby?Itwasinventedin…Itwasinventedby…Howwasitinvented?Whataretheinfluencesofit?Oneday,…Itwas

broughtto…Thepopularityofit…Manypeoplelikeit…Whoinventedthemobilephone?

Martininventedit.ItwasinventedbyMartin.Whenwasthemobilephoneinvented?It

in1973.wasinventedWhoinventedWiFi?

Dr.Johninventedit.ItwasinventedbyDr.JohnWhenwastheWiFiinvented?It

in1996.wasinvented1.Whowastheairconditioninventedby?WillisCarrier,19022.WhenwastheWiFiinvented?It

in1902.wasinventedItwasinventedbyCarrier.Tips

特殊情況含有短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞含有短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1Myfatherfixedupthehouse.Thehousewasfixedupbymyfather.Thehousewasfixedbymyfather.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)候，不能去掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞；要當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2Tomgavemeabookyesterday.IwasgivenabookbyTom.AbookwasgiventomebyTom.當(dāng)指“人”的間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，指“物”的直接賓語(yǔ)保留不變；如果把指“物”的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，則在間接語(yǔ)前加to或for直接賓語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)3Isawaheavymanenterthehouse.主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞see/hear/watch/feel等和使役動(dòng)詞make/let/have等后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)加上不定式標(biāo)志to。感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)to出去；被動(dòng)to回來(lái)口訣：一感二聽三讓四看Aheavymanwasseento

enterthehouse.模擬練習(xí)02Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher_____upfromchildhood.A.grow B.grew C.wasgrowing D.togrow本句感官動(dòng)詞seen強(qiáng)調(diào)的是小孩成長(zhǎng)的整個(gè)過(guò)程，因此用seesbdo的句型。Themissingboywaslastseen______neartheriver.A.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplayseen強(qiáng)調(diào)被人發(fā)現(xiàn)的男孩正在河邊玩，當(dāng)時(shí)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)狀況，因此用seesb.doingHisfatherheardhim______Mr.Zhangnextofficeyesterday.A.talkedto B.talkto C.speakwith D.talkingwith聽到的時(shí)候談話動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，因此用hearsbdoingADASelfCheckRewritethesesentencesusingthepassivevoice.1.Someonestolemywatch.

Mywatchwasstolen(bysomeone).2.Theyusedfiveeggstomakethisbigcake.

Fiveeggswereused(bythem)tomakethisbigcake

.3.Whendidtheyinventthepersonalcomputer?

Whenwasthepersonalc