2022-2023年考博英語(yǔ)-西北工業(yè)大學(xué)模擬考試題含答案解析第28期

2022-2023年考博英語(yǔ)-西北工業(yè)大學(xué)模擬考試題（含答案解析）1.單選題

Researchshouldcontinueoncontrollednuclearfusion,butnoenergyprogramshouldbepremisedonitsexistenceuntilithasprovedpractical.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.focused

B.concentrated

C.agreed

D.based

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)核聚變研究，但是不能把能量項(xiàng)目建立在它存在的......，除非證明它的可行性。focus“集中，聚焦”；concentrate“集中（注意力）”；agree“同意”；base“以……為基礎(chǔ)”。根據(jù)后文的“onitsexistence”可推測(cè)出劃線單詞premise的意思是“以……為前提”，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.單選題

Theproposalwasacceptedwith（

）approval.Everybodybelieveditwouldhelprevivethenationaleconomy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unanimous

B.doubtful

C.pleasant

D.searching

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unanimous“意見(jiàn)一致的”；doubtful“令人生疑的；可疑的”；pleasant“令人愉快的；舒適的”；searching“搜索的；徹查的”。句意：毫無(wú)異議地，這項(xiàng)提議被通過(guò)。所有人都認(rèn)為它能振興國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.單選題

Theorganizationhadbrokennorules,but（

）haditactedresponsibly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.neither

B.so

C.either

D.both

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞。本句式由連詞but連接的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)，前面是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，后面應(yīng)該與其一致，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.單選題

Theymakebetteruseofthetimetheyhave,andtheyarelesslikelytosuccumbtofatigueinstressfuljobs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sustain

B.yield

C.endure

D.expose

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們更好地利用時(shí)間，并且在有壓力的工作中也不會(huì)……疲勞。sustain“維持（生命、生存）”；yield“屈服，投降”；endure“忍耐”；expose“揭露”。根據(jù)“fatigueinstressfuljobs”可以推測(cè)劃線單詞的意思是“屈服”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Over-taxation,manyargue,impedesinitiative,sothatgovernmentincomemayactually（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mushroom

B.capsize

C.shrink

D.dispel

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。mushroom“迅速增加；迅速生長(zhǎng)”；capsize“傾覆；翻覆”；shrink“收縮；畏縮”；dispel"驅(qū)逐；消除（煩惱等）”。句意：很多人認(rèn)為稅收過(guò)重會(huì)打擊進(jìn)取心，因而政府的收入可能會(huì)減少。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Aweathermapisanimportanttoolforgeographers.Asuccessionofthreeorfourmapspresentsacontinuouspictureofweatherchanges.Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts;todeterminewhetheranindividualpressureareaisdeepeningorbecomingshallowandwhetherafrontisincreasingordecreasinginintensity.Theyarealsoabletodeterminewhetheranairmassisretainingitsoriginalcharacteristicsortakingonthoseofthesurfaceoverwhichitismoving.Thus,amostsignificantfunctionofthemapistorevealasynopticpictureofconditionsintheatmosphereatagiventime.

Allstudentsofgeographyshouldbeabletointerpretaweathermapaccurately.Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea.Theyrevealinafewminuteswhatotherwisewouldtakehourstodescribe.TheUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral.Twiceamonthitissuesa30-day“outlook”whichisaroughguidetoweatherconditionslikelytooccuroverbroadareasoftheUnitedStates.These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms.

Considerableeffortisbeingexertedtodaytoachievemoreaccurateweatherpredictions.Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations.Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies.

1.OnecharacteristicofweathermapsNOTmentionedbytheauthorinthispassageis（

）.

2.The30-dayforecastisdeterminedbyexamining

（

）.

3.Theobservationofweatherconditionsbysatellitesisadvantageousbecauseit

（

）.

4.Atthepresenttime,experimentsarebeingconductedin（

）.

5.Aweathermapissynopticbecauseit（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fronts

B.changesintemperature

C.frost

D.windspeed

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.dailyweathermaps

B.upperairlevels

C.satellitereports

D.changingfronts

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.ismodernandprofitableforthecompaniesinvolved

B.useselectronicinstrumentstomeasuretheweatheronadailybasis

C.enablesmantoeasilyaltertheweathertohisadvantageandprofit

D.givesthescientistsinformationnotobtainedreadilyotherwise

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.manipulatingweather

B.determiningdensityofpressuregroups

C.satellites

D.controllingstorms

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.summarizesagreatdealofinformation

B.appearsdaily

C.showschangingfronts

D.canbeinterpretedaccurately

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“以下選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)沒(méi)在文章中被提到？”文章第一段提到“天氣預(yù)報(bào)員可以確定氣團(tuán)和氣鋒……”（Weatherforecastersareabletodeterminethespeedofairmassesandfronts...）；文章第二段提到“美國(guó)國(guó)家氣象局通常發(fā)布有關(guān)即將到來(lái)的暴風(fēng)雨、洪水、霜凍、干旱和所有氣候情況的信息”（heUnitedStatesWeatherBureauissuesinformationaboutapproachingstorms,floods,frosts,droughts,andallclimaticconditionsingeneral），由此可知，只有選項(xiàng)B沒(méi)有被提及，符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“30天的預(yù)報(bào)是由什么決定的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到“這三十天的天氣預(yù)報(bào)建立在對(duì)上層空氣分析的基礎(chǔ)上，而上層空氣經(jīng)常為氣團(tuán)、氣鋒和暴風(fēng)雨的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造條件”（These30-dayoutlooksarebaseduponananalysisoftheupperairlevelwhichoftensetthestageforthedevelopmentofairmasses,frontsandstorms），由此可知選項(xiàng)B“上層空氣”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“衛(wèi)星來(lái)觀測(cè)天氣的優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么？”文章最后一段提到“通過(guò)電子儀器和地球衛(wèi)星，人們近年來(lái)在識(shí)別和跟蹤僅有少量氣象站的地區(qū)的暴風(fēng)雨方面取得了很大的收獲”（Withtheuseofelectronicinstrumentsandearthsatellites,enormousgainshavetakenplacerecentlyinidentifyingandtrackingstormsoverregionswhichhavebutfewmeteorologicalstations），選項(xiàng)D“提供給科學(xué)家們?cè)谄渌矫娌蝗菀撰@得的信息”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“實(shí)驗(yàn)正在哪些方面操作？”文章最后一段最后一句話提到“大量實(shí)驗(yàn)正在為了氣象改造而被進(jìn)行著”（Extensiveexperimentsarealsoinprogressforweathermodificationstudies），因此選項(xiàng)A“操縱天氣”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“為什么說(shuō)氣象圖是氣象學(xué)？”文章第二段提到“氣象圖包含著大量關(guān)于天氣情況的信息，這些天氣情況在觀察時(shí)間存在于一個(gè)大的地理區(qū)域上”（Weathermapscontainanenormousamountofinformationaboutweatherconditionsexistingatthetimeofobservationoveralargegeographicalarea），選項(xiàng)A“包含很多信息”符合題意。

7.單選題

Chineseoftenshakemyhandanddon’tletgo.Theytalkawaycontentedly,（

）ofmydiscomfortandstruggletodisengagemyhand.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.oblivious

B.patent

C.obvious

D.pernicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。oblivious“不知道的；未覺(jué)察到的”；patent“專利的；顯然的”；obvious“明顯的；顯著的”；pernicious“有害的；惡性的。句意：中國(guó)人經(jīng)常握住我的手不放。他們非常滿意地交流，沒(méi)有察覺(jué)到我的不舒服和試圖解開(kāi)自己的手。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

FromWillink’s（

）manner,peoplecantellthatheisofroyalbirth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boorish

B.regal

C.rude

D.vulgar

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。boorish“粗野的；粗魯?shù)摹?；regal“王室的；莊嚴(yán)的；豪華的”；rude“粗魯?shù)?；無(wú)禮的”；vulgar“粗俗的；通俗的”。句意：從威克林王室的舉止來(lái)看，人們能判斷他出生皇室。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

SinglesDaywasbegunbyChinesecollegestudentsinthe1990sasaversionofValentine’sDayforpeoplewithoutromanticpartners.Thetimingwasbasedonthedate:Nov.11,or“11.11”—foursingles.Unattachedyoungpeoplewouldtreateachothertodinnerorgivegiftstowoothatspecialsomeoneandendtheirsinglestatus.

Thatgift-givinghelpedtoturnitintoamajorshoppingeventassellersofeverythingfromjewelrytoTVstocarssawamarketingopportunityandlaunchedSinglesDaysales.ItisChina’sanswertoCyberMondayintheUnitedStates—thedayafterThanksgivingweekend,whenonlineChristmasshoppingbeingsandmerchantshavetheirbusiestsalesday.

【答案】光棍節(jié)源于上世紀(jì)90年代的中國(guó)大學(xué)生中，對(duì)于沒(méi)有浪漫伴侶的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是另一個(gè)情人節(jié)。時(shí)間是11月11日或者11?11——4個(gè)單身。單身的年輕人彼此之間聚餐或者送禮物給那個(gè)特別的人來(lái)結(jié)束他們的單身狀態(tài)。

送禮物把光棍節(jié)變成了一個(gè)重要的購(gòu)物活動(dòng)，從珠寶到電視到汽車等的銷售商們都從中看到了商機(jī)，并推出了光棍節(jié)銷售活動(dòng)。光棍節(jié)相當(dāng)于美國(guó)的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)星期一”，即感恩節(jié)周末后的一天，網(wǎng)上圣誕節(jié)購(gòu)物開(kāi)始，商人們開(kāi)始了他們繁忙的銷售日。

10.單選題

Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor（

）thanotherpeople,butasscientist,theyattachspecialvaluetohonestwhiletheyareintheirworkingsphere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ethical

B.ethnic

C.aesthetic

D.esthetic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ethical“道德的，倫理的”；ethnic“民族的，種族的”；aesthetic“審美的，美學(xué)的”；esthetic“審美的”。句意：科學(xué)家作為普通人，沒(méi)有辦法比其他人更誠(chéng)實(shí)或者品德高尚；但是作為科學(xué)家，他們?cè)诠ぷ黝I(lǐng)域中更加重視誠(chéng)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Togetachocolateoutofaboxrequiresaconsiderableamountofunpacking:theboxhastobetakenoutofthepaperbaginwhichitarrived;thecellophanewrapperhastobetomoff，thelidopenedandthepaperremoved;thechocolateitselfthenhastobeunwrappedfromitsownpieceofpaper.Butthisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupincellophane,polythene,orpaper.

Amachinehasbeendevelopedthatpulpspaperthenprocessesitintopackaging,e.g.egg-boxesandcartons.Thiscouldbeeasilyadaptedforlocalauthorityuse.Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paper,withadifferentdustbinforeach.Paperis,infact,probablythematerialthatcanbemosteasilyrecycled;andnow,withmassiveincreasesinpaperprices,thetimehascomeatwhichcollectionbylocalauthoritiescouldbeprofitable.

Recyclingofthiskindisalreadyhappeningwithmilkbottles,whicharereturnedtothedairies,washedout,andrefilled.Butbothglassandpaperarebeingthreatenedbythegrowinguseofplastic.Moreandmoredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottles,andithasbeenestimatedthatifallthemilkbottlesnecessaryweremadeofplastic,thenBritishdairieswouldbeproducingtheequivalentofenoughplastictubingtoencircletheeartheveryfiveorsixdays!

Thetroublewithplasticisthatitdoesnotrot.Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofevergrowingmoundsofplasticcontainersistodoawaywithplasticaltogetherintheshops,asuggestionunacceptabletomanymanufacturerswhosaythereisnoalternativetotheirhandyplasticpacks.

1.“Thisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries”(line4)means（

）.

2.The“l(fā)ocalauthorities”are

（

）.

3.Ifpaperistoberecycled

（

）.

4.Britishdairiesare

（

）.

5.Theenvironmentaliststhinkthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notenoughwrappingisusedforluxuries

B.morewrappingisusedforluxuriesthanforordinaryproducts

C.itisnotonlyforluxuryproductsthattoomuchwrappingisused

D.thewrappingusedforluxuryproductsisunnecessary

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theTownCouncil

B.thepolice

C.thepapermanufacturers

D.themostinfluentialcitizens

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.moreforestswillhavetobeplanted

B.theuseofpaperbagswillhavetoberestricted

C.peoplewillhavetousedifferentdustbinsfortheirrubbish

D.thelocalauthoritieswillhavetoreducethepriceofpaper

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.producingenoughplastictubinginlessthanaweek

B.givinguptheuseofglassbottles

C.increasingtheproductionofplasticbottles

D.re-usingtheiroldglassbottles

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.moreplasticpackagingshouldbeused

B.plasticisthemostconvenientformofpackaging

C.toomuchplasticiswasted

D.shopsshouldstopusingplasticcontainers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段最后兩句話提到“但是這種瘋狂的大量包裝并不僅僅限于奢侈品?，F(xiàn)在很難買到?jīng)]有被玻璃紙、聚乙烯或者紙包裝的東西了”（Butthisinsaneamountofwrappingisnotconfinedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupincellophane,polythene,orpaper），因此選項(xiàng)C“不僅奢侈品被包裝，普通商品也一樣”符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第二段第三句話提到“這種機(jī)器很容易為localauthority所用。它意味著人們需要將垃圾分為紙質(zhì)或非紙質(zhì)垃圾”（Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paper,withadifferentdustbinforeach），這個(gè)authority管理居民分垃圾的事情，說(shuō)明是相關(guān)政府機(jī)構(gòu)，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段第一句話提到“有一個(gè)機(jī)器能夠把紙熔化成紙漿再加工成外包裝紙，比如裝雞蛋的箱子，和紙板盒”（Amachinehasbeendevelopedthatpulpspaperthenprocessesitintopackaging,e.g.egg-boxesandcartons）；第三句話提到“它意味著人們需要將垃圾分為紙質(zhì)或非紙質(zhì)垃圾”（Itwouldmeanthatpeoplewouldhavetoseparatetheirrefuseintopaperandnon-paper,withadifferentdustbinforeach），選項(xiàng)C“人們將用不同的垃圾桶來(lái)裝垃圾”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。文章第三段提到“越來(lái)越多的乳制品正在嘗試塑料瓶，如果所有牛奶瓶相關(guān)材料都使用塑料制品，可以預(yù)計(jì)英國(guó)乳制品五六天生產(chǎn)的塑料管就可以圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一圈”（Moreandmoredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottles,andithasbeenestimatedthatifallthemilkbottlesnecessaryweremadeofplastic,thenBritishdairieswouldbeproducingtheequivalentofenoughplastictubingtoencircletheeartheveryfiveorsixdays），選項(xiàng)A“在不到一周的時(shí)間里生產(chǎn)足夠的塑料管”符合題意。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段提到“一些環(huán)保人士認(rèn)為解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的唯一辦法是制止商店使用塑料”（Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofevergrowingmoundsofplasticcontainersistodoawaywithplasticaltogetherintheshops），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Thepolicechiefannouncedthatthedeathsoftwoyounggirlswouldsoonbeinquired（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.of

C.into

D.after

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inquireabout“詢問(wèn)；查問(wèn)；打聽(tīng)”；inquireof“詢問(wèn)；打聽(tīng)”inquireinto“調(diào)查；追究”；inquireafter“問(wèn)候；詢問(wèn)起”。句意：警察局長(zhǎng)宣布著兩位年輕女孩的死因?qū)ⅠR上被調(diào)查。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Mr.Jenkinsdrovealongathisusualhighspeed（

）forpolicecarsinhismirrorfromtimetotimetomakesurehewassafe.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pullingout

B.runningthrough

C.goingahead

D.watchingout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。pullout“離開(kāi)；撤離；拔出”；runthrough“跑著穿過(guò)；瀏覽；揮霍”；goahead“前進(jìn)；進(jìn)行”；watchout“小心；提防”。句意：詹金森先生以自己平時(shí)的高速開(kāi)車，時(shí)不時(shí)從后視鏡提防警察，確保自己是安全的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

Youwillonlybeallowedtoleaveearlyin（

）circumstances.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exceptional

B.coincidental

C.peculiar

D.imperative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。exceptional“特殊的；例外的”；coincidental“巧合的”；peculiar“不尋常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative“緊急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊時(shí)刻才被允許提前離開(kāi)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Beingbothspoiledandlazy,theboy（

）everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticized

B.blamed

C.charged

D.accused

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。criticize“批評(píng)”；blame“責(zé)備，歸咎于”；charge“控訴，告誡”；accuse“控告，譴責(zé)”。blame常與for連用；charge后跟for；accuse后接of。根據(jù)“forhislackofsuccess”可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的重要性

現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起也許要追溯到羅杰·培根的時(shí)代。羅杰·培根是牛津杰出的僧侶和哲學(xué)家。他出生于1214年，死于1292年。他可能是中世紀(jì)第一個(gè)提出我們必須通過(guò)對(duì)周圍事物進(jìn)行觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)的人，他自己也有許多卓越的發(fā)現(xiàn)。然而，生活在三百多年之后的伽利略（1564-1642），卻是好幾個(gè)偉大人物中最偉大的一個(gè)，這些人在意大利、法國(guó)、德國(guó)和英國(guó)開(kāi)始逐步使人們看到許多重要的真理是可以通過(guò)掌握得當(dāng)?shù)挠^察去發(fā)現(xiàn)的。在伽利略之前，學(xué)者們相信大的物體掉到地面比小的物體要快，因?yàn)閬喞锸慷嗟率沁@樣說(shuō)的。可是伽利略登上比薩斜塔的頂端，讓兩個(gè)體積不相等的鐵球同時(shí)落地，從而向一些他帶去觀看實(shí)驗(yàn)的朋友們證明，亞里士多德錯(cuò)了。正是伽利略的這種直接到大自然中去通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證明我們的判斷和理論的精神，導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【答案】TheImportanceofScientificExperiments

TheriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsdatebacktothetimeofRogerBacon,theoutstandingmonkandphilosopherofOxford,whowasbornon1241,anddiedon1292.Hewasprobablythemanwhofirstlyproposedthatwemuststudysciencebyobservingandexperimentingonthesurroundingthings,andmademanyremarkablediscoverieshimself.However,Galileo,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen.Theyshowedpeoplehowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbywell-directedobservationinItaly,France,Germany,orEngland.BeforethetimeofGalileo,scholarsbelievedthatlargeobjectsfalltothegroundfasterthansmallones,becauseAristotlesaidso.GoingtothetopoftheLeaningTowerofPisa,Galileoletfalltwounequalironballsatthesametime,andprovedtothosewhomhehadbroughttheretoseehisexperimentthatAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo’sspiritofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingouropinionsandtheoriesthroughexperiments,thatledtothegreatdiscoveriesofmodernsociety.

17.單選題

Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multimedia—forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe‘‘how’’,thequestionof“forwhom”isputasideonceagain.

Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransnationalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.

Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As“futures”aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves—so-called“developmentcommunications”modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies.

CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.Europe,orJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries.Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.

Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransitionalcorporationsmaybenefit,thosewhoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestof（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpactdevelopingcountries?

4.Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecommunicationsrevolutionis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.therichcountries

B.scientificdevelopment

C.theelite

D.theworldeconomy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.internationaltradeshouldbeexpanded

B.theinternationalofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsideration

C.theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreased

D.communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.

B.Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries

C.Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.

D.Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hindertheirindustrialproduction

B.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade

C.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports

D.costthemtheireconomicindependence

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.ritical

C.indifferent

D.tolerant

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能，這將讓富裕國(guó)家加強(qiáng)對(duì)全球市場(chǎng)的控制，而對(duì)貧困國(guó)家則是毀滅性的影響”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，高科技的發(fā)展意味著富裕國(guó)家的利益不斷增加，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第一段提到對(duì)于那些看得見(jiàn)未來(lái)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，計(jì)算機(jī)、電視和電話將永遠(yuǎn)改變我們的生活；但是卻很少有人關(guān)注這些科技的發(fā)展對(duì)窮人的影響（forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor），由此可知貧困國(guó)家的利益并沒(méi)有得到重視，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能，這將讓富裕國(guó)家加強(qiáng)對(duì)全球市場(chǎng)的控制，而對(duì)貧困國(guó)家則是毀滅性的影響”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，由于電子經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)使得全球市場(chǎng)掌控在富裕國(guó)家手中，因而貧窮國(guó)家的利益將會(huì)受到損害，選項(xiàng)A符題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段主要講述了通信技術(shù)對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的影響。文章提到發(fā)展中國(guó)家對(duì)自己命運(yùn)的掌控越來(lái)越少，為了重新獲得控制權(quán)，它們會(huì)考慮通信現(xiàn)代化（“developmentcommunications”modernization），但是這樣做的后果是會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期依賴和對(duì)本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)永久地制約（Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“付出了經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的代價(jià)”符合題意。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章討論的主要內(nèi)容是通信技術(shù)對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的負(fù)面影響，作者對(duì)此是持否定態(tài)度的，因此，選項(xiàng)B“批判的”符合題意。

18.單選題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain'sneural（神經(jīng)的）networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.TherearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsWhereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.

Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstageswaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyone,heslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.Learningtowaitforthings,particularlyforfood,isaveryimportantelementinupbringing,andisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem.

Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.

Learningtogetherisafruitfulsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogether,parentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthiscooperation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.

Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters,othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnight,punctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappinessandwell-being.

1.Theprincipleunderlyingalltreatmentofdevelopmentaldifficultiesinchildren（

）.

2.Thechildinthenursery

（

）.

3.Theencouragementofchildrentoachievenewskills

（

）.

4.Jigsawpuzzlesare

（

）.

5.Parentalcontrolsanddiscipline（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.istosendthemtoclinics

B.offersrecaptureofearlierexperiences

C.isintheprovisionofclockworktoysandtrains

D.istocapturethembeforetheyaresufficientlyexperienced

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.quicklylearnstowaitforfood

B.doesn'tinitiallysleepandwakeatregularinterval